Adam Grant: The surprising habits of original thinkers
亚当·格兰特: 原创思维者的惊人特质
After years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
and asked me to invest in his company.
请求我为他们的公司投资。
an industry by selling stuff online."
然后颠覆整个行业。”
the whole summer on this, right?"
你们整个夏天都在做这个,对吧?”
just in case it doesn't work out."
以防万一它没有成功。”
go in full time once you graduate."
要全职投入在这个项目中啊。“
lined up backup jobs."
我们都想好了备选的工作。“
not a functioning website.
the entire company is a website.
整个公司就是一个网站,
naming the company Warby Parker.
命名为“瓦比·帕克”。
as the world's most innovative company
世界上最有创新力的企业,
我的妻子接管了所有投资项目。
that I come to call "originals."
一些我称为“原创者”的人。
who stand out and speak up.
and change in the world.
three things I've learned
that I passed on Warby Parker
getting off the ground.
实在太慢了。
with the mind of a procrastinator.
拖延症患者的大脑里的情景。
I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator.
我与之相反,是个“提早症”患者。
a few hours before a big deadline
最后期限还有几个小时就到了,
a few months ahead of time.
I took Nintendo games very seriously.
我很认真地对待任天堂游戏。
until I had mastered them.
在打通关之前绝不休息。
that a local newspaper came
以至于当地的一家报纸找到我,
of Nintendo, starring me.
讲述任天堂的黑暗面,主角就是我。
four months before the deadline.
就完成了我的毕业论文。
until a few years ago.
who came to me and said,
她对我说,
when I'm procrastinating."
想到了最有创造力的点子。”
where are the four papers you owe me?"
你欠我的四篇论文在哪里?”
of our most creative students,
this is the kind of idea that I test.
这是我要测试的一些想法。
about how often they procrastinate.
了解他们多经常犯拖延症。
how creative and innovative they are.
评估每个人的创造力水平。
the precrastinators like me,
to the chronic procrastinators.
重度拖延症患者是怎样的。
They didn't fill out my survey."
他们没填我的问卷。”
who wait until the last minute
不到最后一刻不做事的人
that they don't have any new ideas.
他们根本没法产生新想法。
the people who race in
那些把事情匆忙做完的人
don't have original thoughts either.
他们也没法产生新想法。
where originals seem to live.
这就是原创者聚集的地方。
just have bad work habits.
does not cause creativity.
to generate new business ideas,
想一些新的商业计划,
and useful they are.
to do the task right away.
to procrastinate
随机地要求拖延一阵子,
the moderate procrastinators
than the other two groups.
创造力高出16%。
but it's not the driver of the effect,
但不是导致这个效应的真正原因,
before you learn about the task,
就去玩游戏,
going to be working on this problem,
你要完成某一项任务之后,
in the back of your mind,
to consider divergent ideas,
to make unexpected leaps.
然后获得意想不到的突破。
these experiments,
a book about originals,
to teach myself to procrastinate,
现在我就在写有关拖延症的章节,
on procrastination."
precrastinator,
提早症患者一样,
with steps on how to procrastinate.
里面是拖延的详细步骤。
progress toward my goal.
the procrastination chapter,
I had all sorts of new ideas.
我满脑子里都是新想法。
I call it thinking."
我把它叫做‘思考’。”
in history were procrastinators.
都是拖延症患者。
he took in optics
对光学的研究,
the biggest speech of his life,
waiting for his turn to go onstage,
and crossing out lines.
that changed the course of history:
the speech until the very last minute,
演讲稿最终确定的那一刻,
to the widest range of possible ideas.
when it comes to productivity,
but they're slow to finish.
最终完成却要很久。
with Warby Parker.
their heels for six months,
are starting to sell glasses online."
已经开始在线销售眼镜了。”
they were spending all that time
他们在那一大段时间里
顾客在线购买眼镜的舒适度。
advantage is mostly a myth.
先动者优势其实只是个流言。
of over 50 product categories,
调查了超过50个类别的商品,
who created the market
something different and better.
had a failure rate of 47 percent,
先动者的失败率是47%,
for the improvers.
waiting to build a social network
它想在Myspace和Friendster之后
after Altavista and Yahoo.
才在AltaVista和雅虎之后面世。
on somebody else's idea
something new from scratch.
to be original you don't have to be first.
想做原创者,你不必最先行动。
I passed on Warby Parker.
拒绝瓦比·帕克的唯一理由。
that they had the courage to be original,
他们是否具有原创的勇气,
would look something like this.
大概是这样的。
[我不知道怎么说…反正我觉得我挺牛的]
that the rest of us do.
感受恐惧和疑虑。
works for most of us.
是如何进行的。
4.我超烂。5.这或许能行。6.这超给力!]
there are two different kinds of doubt.
我发现两种不同的疑虑。
to experiment, to refine,
from step three to step four.
are always crap,
and your commitment
工作表现或是责任承担情况,
going to like the results of this study --
这个研究的结果——
that Firefox and Chrome users
说明火狐和谷歌Chrome用户
Internet Explorer and Safari users.
IE浏览器和Safari用户。
15 percent longer, by the way.
他们的在职时间也要长15%。
on average have similar typing speed
平均打字速度差不多,
of computer knowledge.
有相同程度的了解。
Internet Explorer or Safari,
that was handed to you.
you had to doubt the default
你得要质疑默认选择,
a different option out there,
and download a new browser.
去下载个新的浏览器。
and they're like,
I just need to upgrade my browser?"
我只需要升级下浏览器就行了?”
to doubt the default
to the opposite of déjà vu.
“似曾相识”感的对立面。
It's called vuja de.
叫做“识相曾似”感。
you've seen many times before
你再次面对一个无比熟悉的事物,
see it with fresh eyes.
who looks at a movie script
她看着一份电影剧本,
for more than half a century.
the main character has been an evil queen.
故事主角都是个邪恶的女王。
whether that makes sense.
这个想法是否合理。
一位受尽苦难的英雄,
the most successful animated movie ever.
历史上最卖座的动画电影之一。
from this story.
("Let it go"是电影主题曲名)
from the rest of us
afraid of failing to try.
by starting a business that goes bankrupt
创业公司倒闭而失败,
不尝试创业而失败。
our biggest regrets are not our actions
我们最大的悔恨不是自己做了什么,
if you look at the science,
有些事我们希望能重做一遍,
he didn't expect Tesla to succeed.
他并不指望特斯拉会成功。
SpaceX公司的前几次发射
let alone get back,
更不会重新回收,
when we have an important idea,
当我们有一个重大的想法,
on your bad ideas.
their most important suggestion,
他们最重大的想法、建议是什么,
instead of speaking up.
themselves, of looking stupid.
have lots and lots of bad ideas,
原创者有很多的糟糕想法,
with a talking doll so creepy
超恐怖的会讲话的洋娃娃吗?
but adults, too?
还吓坏了成年人啊。
for pioneering the light bulb.
因为他发明了灯泡。
are the ones who fail the most,
the best of the best.
in encyclopedias than others
内容比其他人多,
rerecorded more times?
of compositions that they generate.
the more variety you get
你的作品种类越多,
of stumbling on something truly original.
一些真正原创的东西。
Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
巴赫、贝多芬、莫扎特,
and hundreds of compositions
number of masterpieces.
without doing a whole lot?
又是怎么获得成功的呢?
if we want to be more original,
如果我们想要变得更有原创性,
were trying to name their company,
当他们思考如何命名公司的时候,
unique, with no negative associations
而且没有负面的歧义,
what you see is that originals
你会发现原创者
from the rest of us.
They procrastinate.
他们犯拖延症。
of those qualities but because of them
don't make the same mistake I did.
千万别犯像我这样的错误。
don't count yourself out either.
你也别无视了自己。
but slow to finish
快速地开始、缓慢地结束
by doubting your ideas
来激励自己,
in order to get a few good ones.
才能获得几个好主意。
to improve the world around us.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grant - Organizational psychologistAfter years of studying the dynamics of success and productivity in the workplace, Adam Grant discovered a powerful and often overlooked motivator: helping others.
Why you should listen
In his groundbreaking book Give and Take, top-rated Wharton professor Adam Grant upended decades of conventional motivational thinking with the thesis that giving unselfishly to colleagues or clients can lead to one’s own long-term success. Grant’s research has led hundreds of advice seekers (and HR departments) to his doorstep, and it’s changing the way leaders view their workforces.
Grant's book Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World examines how unconventional thinkers overturn the status quo and champion game-changing ideas.
Grant is the host of the TED original podcast WorkLife, taking us inside unconventional workplaces to explore the ideas we can all use to make work more meaningful and creative.
Adam Grant | Speaker | TED.com