TEDxMidwest
William Ury: The walk from "no" to "yes"
William Ury: Cesta od "nie" k "áno"
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Readability: 3.3
2,393,780 views
Willam Ury, autor knihy "Ako dosiahnuť súhlas", ponúka elegantný, jednoduchý (ale nie ľahký) spôsob, ako sa dohodnúť aj v najťažších situáciách -- od rodinnej hádky možno až po Blízky Východ.
William Ury - Mediator
William Ury is a mediator, writer and speaker, working with conflicts ranging from family feuds to boardroom battles to ethnic wars. He's the author of "Getting to Yes." Full bio
William Ury is a mediator, writer and speaker, working with conflicts ranging from family feuds to boardroom battles to ethnic wars. He's the author of "Getting to Yes." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Well, the subject of difficult negotiation
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Téma vyjednávania
00:18
reminds me of one of my favorite stories
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mi pripomína jeden z mojich obľúbených príbehov
00:20
from the Middle East,
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zo Stredného Východu,
00:22
of a man who left to his three sons 17 camels.
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o mužovi, ktorý nechal svojim trom synom 17 tiav.
00:25
To the first son, he left half the camels.
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Prvorodenému synovi zanechal polovicu tiav,
00:28
To the second son, he left a third of the camels,
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prostrednému synovi tretinu tiav
00:30
and to the youngest son, he left a ninth of the camels.
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a najmladšiemu synovi zanechal devätinu tiav.
00:32
Well three sons got into a negotiation.
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Traja synovia začali vyjednávať.
00:34
Seventeen doesn't divide by two.
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17 sa nedá deliť dvomi.
00:36
It doesn't divide by three.
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Nedá sa deliť ani tromi.
00:38
It doesn't divide by nine.
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A nedá sa deliť deviatimi.
00:40
Brotherly tempers started to get strained.
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Spočiatku bratská nálada sa začala vyhrocovať.
00:42
Finally, in desperation,
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Nakoniec išli zúfalí
00:44
they went and they consulted a wise old woman.
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za múdrou starenkou, aby sa s ňou poradili.
00:47
The wise old woman thought about their problem for a long time,
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Múdra starenka o ich probléme dlho uvažovala
00:49
and finally she came back and said,
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a nakoniec za nimi prišla a povedala,
00:51
"Well, I don't know if I can help you,
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"Nuž, neviem, či vám viem pomôcť,
00:53
but at least, if you want, you can have my camel."
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ale môžem vám dať moju ťavu, ak chcete."
00:55
So then they had 18 camels.
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A tak mali 18 tiav.
00:57
The first son took his half -- half of 18 is nine.
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Prvorodený syn si vzal polovicu -- polovica z 18 je deväť.
01:00
The second son took his third -- a third of 18 is six.
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Prostredný syn si vzal svoju tretinu -- tretina z 18 je šesť.
01:03
The youngest son took his ninth --
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Najmladší syn si vzal svoju devätinu --
01:05
a ninth of 18 is two.
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devätina z 18 sú dve.
01:07
You get 17.
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Spolu je to 17.
01:09
They had one camel left over.
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Jedna ťava im zvýšila.
01:11
They gave it back to the wise old woman.
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Vrátili ju múdrej starenke.
01:13
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
01:15
Now if you think about that story for a moment,
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Ak o tom príbehu chvíľu porozmýšľate,
01:17
I think it resembles
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zistíte, že sa podobá
01:19
a lot of the difficult negotiations we get involved in.
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na množstvo neľahkých vyjednávaní, ktorých sa zúčastňujeme.
01:22
They start off like 17 camels -- no way to resolve it.
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Začínajú tak ako tých 17 tiav -- neriešiteľne.
01:24
Somehow, what we need to do
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Potrebujeme v takých situáciách
01:26
is step back from those situations, like that wise old woman,
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urobiť krok späť tak, ako tá múdra starenka,
01:29
look at the situation through fresh eyes
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pozrieť sa na problém inými očami
01:31
and come up with an 18th camel.
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a prísť na riešenie v podobe 18. ťavy.
01:35
Now finding that 18th camel in the world's conflicts
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To hľadanie 18. ťavy v konfliktoch na svete
01:37
has been my life passion.
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je mojou životnou vášňou.
01:40
I basically see humanity a bit like those three brothers.
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V podstate vidím ľudstvo ako tých troch bratov,
01:43
We're all one family.
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všetci sme jedna rodina.
01:45
We know that scientifically,
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Nielenže nám to potvrdila veda,
01:47
thanks to the communications revolution,
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ale vďaka komunikačnej revolúcii
01:49
all the tribes on the planet, all 15,000 tribes,
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sú všetky kmene na planéte, všetkých 15 000 kmeňov,
01:52
are in touch with each other.
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spolu v kontakte.
01:55
And it's a big family reunion,
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A vyzerá to ako na veľkom rodinnom stretnutí.
01:57
and yet, like many family reunions,
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A tak ako mnoho veľkých rodinných stretnutí,
01:59
it's not all peace and light.
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nie je to vždy pohoda.
02:01
There's a lot of conflict,
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Je tu veľa konfliktov.
02:03
and the question is,
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Otázkou zostáva,
02:05
how do we deal with our differences?
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ako sa vyrovnáme s našou rozdielnosťou?
02:07
How do we deal with our deepest differences,
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Ako si poradíme s našimi najhlbšími rozdielmi,
02:09
given the human propensity for conflict
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keď vezmeme do úvahy ľudský sklon ku konfliktu
02:11
and the human genius
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a ľudský talent
02:13
at devising weapons of enormous destruction?
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na vyvíjanie zbraní schopných obrovského ničenia?
02:16
That's the question.
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To je otázka.
02:18
As I've spent the last better part of three decades,
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Strávil som uplynulé tri desaťročia --
02:21
almost four,
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takmer štyri --
02:23
traveling the world,
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cestovaním po svete,
02:25
trying to work, getting involved in conflicts
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snažil som sa pracovať, zapojiť sa do konfliktov
02:28
ranging from Yugoslavia to the Middle East
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od Juhoslávie po Stredný Východ,
02:31
to Chechnya to Venezuela,
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od Čečenska po Venezuelu,
02:33
some of the most difficult conflicts on the face of the planet,
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do niektorých z najťažších konfliktov na povrchu zeme,
02:36
I've been asking myself that question.
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a vždy sa sám seba pýtam tú otázku.
02:38
And I think I've found, in some ways,
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A myslím, že som prišiel na to, čo je,
02:40
what is the secret to peace.
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určitým spôsobom, kľúčom k mieru.
02:42
It's actually surprisingly simple.
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Je to vlastne prekvapujúco jednoduché.
02:45
It's not easy, but it's simple.
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Nie je to ľahké, ale je to jednoduché.
02:48
It's not even new.
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A nie je to ani nové.
02:50
It may be one of our most ancient human heritages.
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Je to jedno z našich najstarších ľudských dedičstiev.
02:52
The secret to peace is us.
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Tajomstvom mieru sme my.
02:55
It's us who act
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Sme to my, kto tvorí
02:57
as the surrounding community
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komunitu obklopujúcu
02:59
around any conflict,
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každý konflikt,
03:01
who can play a constructive role.
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kto v ňom môže hrať konštruktívnu úlohu.
03:03
Let me give you just a story, an example.
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Poviem vám príbeh, príklad.
03:07
About 20 years ago, I was in South Africa
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Pred 20 rokmi som bol v Južnej Afrike
03:09
working with the parties in that conflict,
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a pracoval som so stranami v tom konflikte,
03:11
and I had an extra month,
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a mal som mesiac času navyše,
03:13
so I spent some time living
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a tak som chvíľu žil
03:15
with several groups of San Bushmen.
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s niekoľkými kmeňmi San žijúcimi v buši.
03:17
I was curious about them and about the way in which they resolve conflict.
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Bol som zvedavý, akí sú, a akým spôsom riešia konflikt.
03:21
Because, after all, within living memory,
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Pretože ešte nedávno
03:23
they were hunters and gatherers,
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boli lovcami a zberačmi,
03:25
living pretty much like our ancestors lived
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žili tak, ako naši predkovia
03:27
for maybe 99 percent of the human story.
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počas 99 percent doby ľudského príbehu.
03:30
And all the men have these poison arrows that they use for hunting --
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Všetci muži majú jedovaté šípy, ktorými lovia --
03:33
absolutely fatal.
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smrteľné.
03:35
So how do they deal with their differences?
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Ako sa oni vyrovnávajú s rozdielnosťou?
03:37
Well what I learned
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Zistil som,
03:39
is whenever tempers rise in those communities,
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že keď sa v týchto komunitách začnú hádať,
03:42
someone goes and hides the poison arrows out in the bush,
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niekto odíde a ukryje jedovaté šípy v buši,
03:45
and then everyone sits around in a circle like this,
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a potom sa všetci usadia do kruhu,
03:49
and they sit, and they talk, and they talk.
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a sedia, a rozprávajú sa, a sedia, a rozprávajú sa.
03:52
It may take two days, three days, four days,
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Môže to trvať dva dni, tri dni, štyri dni,
03:54
but they don't rest
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ale neoddýchnu si,
03:56
until they find a resolution,
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kým nenájdu riešenie,
03:58
or better yet, a reconciliation.
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alebo ešte lepšie, zmierenie.
04:00
And if tempers are still too high,
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A ak vášne stále neutíchajú,
04:02
then they send someone off to visit some relatives
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pošlú niekoho na návštevu k príbuzným,
04:04
as a cooling-off period.
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aby sa upokojil.
04:06
Well that system
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Ten systém je,
04:08
is, I think, probably the system that kept us alive to this point,
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aspoň myslím, ten systém, ktorý nás udržal nažive až doteraz,
04:11
given our human tendencies.
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keď vezmeme do úvahy naše ľudské tendencie.
04:13
That system, I call the "third side."
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Ten systém volám tretia strana.
04:16
Because if you think about it,
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Pretože ak sa nad tým zamyslíte,
04:18
normally when we think of conflict, when we describe it,
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keď hovoríme o konflikte, keď ho opisujeme,
04:21
there's always two sides --
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vždy hovoríme o dvoch stranách.
04:23
it's Arabs versus Israelis, labor versus management,
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Sú to Arabi a Izraelčania, pracujúci verzus manažment,
04:25
husband versus wife, Republicans versus Democrats.
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muž versus žena, republikáni verzus demokrati,
04:28
But what we don't often see
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ale často nevidíme,
04:30
is that there's always a third side,
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že tam je vždy aj tretia strana.
04:32
and the third side of the conflict is us,
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A tretia strana konfliktu sme my,
04:34
it's the surrounding community,
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komunita okolo,
04:36
it's the friends, the allies,
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priatelia, známi,
04:38
the family members, the neighbors.
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príbuzní, susedia.
04:40
And we can play an incredibly constructive role.
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A môžeme v tom hrať neuveriteľne konštruktívnu úlohu.
04:43
Perhaps the most fundamental way
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Možno tým najzákladnejším spôsobom,
04:45
in which the third side can help
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akým môže tretia strana pomôcť,
04:48
is to remind the parties of what's really at stake.
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je pripomenúť tým dvom, o čo môžu prísť.
04:51
For the sake of the kids, for the sake of the family,
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Kvôli deťom, kvôli rodine,
04:53
for the sake of the community, for the sake of the future,
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kvôli spoločnosti, kvôli budúcnosti,
04:56
let's stop fighting for a moment and start talking.
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prestaňme sa hádať a začnime sa rozprávať.
04:59
Because, the thing is,
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Pretože
05:01
when we're involved in conflict,
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keď ste uprostred konfliktu,
05:03
it's very easy to lose perspective.
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ľahko stratíte perspektívu.
05:05
It's very easy to react.
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Je ľahké iba reagovať.
05:07
Human beings -- we're reaction machines.
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Ľudia sú stroje na reakcie.
05:10
And as the saying goes,
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A ako hovorí príslovie,
05:12
when angry, you will make the best speech
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keď si nahnevaný, urobíš najlepší prejav,
05:14
you will ever regret.
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ktorý budeš ľutovať.
05:17
And so the third side reminds us of that.
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A to nám pripomína tretia strana.
05:20
The third side helps us go to the balcony,
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Tretia strana nám pomáha vyjsť na balkón,
05:22
which is a metaphor for a place of perspective,
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ktorý je metaforou pre perspektívu,
05:25
where we can keep our eyes on the prize.
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z ktorej môžeme vidieť cenu.
05:28
Let me tell you a little story from my own negotiating experience.
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Dovoľte mi povedať vám príbeh z mojej skúsenosti vyjednávača.
05:31
Some years ago, I was involved as a facilitator
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Pred niekoľkými rokmi som mal pomôcť
05:34
in some very tough talks
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vo veľmi ťažkých rozhovoroch
05:36
between the leaders of Russia
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medzi vodcami Ruska
05:38
and the leaders of Chechnya.
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a vodcami Čečenska.
05:40
There was a war going on, as you know.
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Ako viete, zúrila tam vojna.
05:42
And we met in the Hague,
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Stretli sme sa v Hágu,
05:44
in the Peace Palace,
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v Paláci mieru,
05:46
in the same room where the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal
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v rovnakej miestnosti, kde sa konali
05:49
was taking place.
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juhoslovanské tribunály pre vojnové zločiny.
05:51
And the talks got off to a rather rocky start
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A rozhovory od začiatku nabrali rýchly spád,
05:53
when the vice president of Chechnya
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keď viceprezident Čečenska
05:55
began by pointing at the Russians and said,
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ukázal na Rusov a povedal,
05:58
"You should stay right here in your seats,
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"Mali by ste ostať sedieť na svojich miestach,
06:00
because you're going to be on trial for war crimes."
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pretože vás tu budú súdiť za vojnové zločiny."
06:02
And then he went on, and then he turned to me and said,
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A pokračoval, potom sa otočil ku mne a povedal,
06:04
"You're an American.
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"Vy ste Američan.
06:06
Look at what you Americans are doing in Puerto Rico."
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Pozrite sa, čo ste vy Američania urobili v Portoriku."
06:09
And my mind started racing, "Puerto Rico? What do I know about Puerto Rico?"
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A ja som začal rýchlo rozmýšľať, "Portoriko? Čo viem o Portoriku?"
06:12
I started reacting,
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Začal som reagovať,
06:14
but then I tried to remember to go to the balcony.
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ale potom som sa pokúsil vyjsť na balkón.
06:17
And then when he paused,
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A keď sa odmlčal,
06:19
and everyone looked at me for a response,
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a všetci sa na mňa pozreli, a čakali odpoveď,
06:21
from a balcony perspective, I was able to thank him for his remarks
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odpoveď z perspektívy, poďakoval som mu za pripomienky
06:24
and say, "I appreciate your criticism of my country,
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a povedal som, "Cením si vašu kritiku mojej krajiny,
06:27
and I take it as a sign that we're among friends
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a beriem to ako znamenie, že sme medzi priateľmi,
06:29
and can speak candidly to one another.
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a môžeme hovoriť jeden s druhým úprimne.
06:32
And what we're here to do is not to talk about Puerto Rico or the past.
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A nie sme tu na to, aby sme hovorili o Portoriku alebo o minulosti.
06:35
What we're here to do is to see if we can figure out a way
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Sme tu, aby sme našli spôsob,
06:38
to stop the suffering and the bloodshed in Chechnya."
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ako ukončiť trápenie a krviprelievanie v Čečensku."
06:41
The conversation got back on track.
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A rozhovor sa vrátil na správnu cestu.
06:44
That's the role of the third side,
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To je úloha tretej strany,
06:46
is to help the parties to go to the balcony.
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pomáhať tým dvom vyjsť na balkón.
06:48
Now let me take you for a moment
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Teraz chvíľu venujem tomu,
06:51
to what's widely regarded as the world's most difficult conflict,
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čo je považované za najťažší svetový konflikt,
06:53
or the most impossible conflict,
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alebo konfikt, ktorý sa nedá vyriešiť,
06:55
is the Middle East.
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a to Stredný Východ.
06:57
Question is: where's the third side there?
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Otázka je: kto je tretia strana tam?
07:00
How could we possibly go to the balcony?
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Ako môžeme vyjsť na balkón?
07:02
Now I don't pretend to have an answer
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Nejdem sa tváriť, že mám odpoveď
07:04
to the Middle East conflict,
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na konflikt na Strednom Východe,
07:06
but I think I've got a first step,
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ale myslím si, že mám prvý krok,
07:08
literally, a first step,
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doslova prvý krok,
07:10
something that any one of us could do as third-siders.
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niečo, čo by hocikto z nás, z tretej strany, mohol urobiť.
07:13
Let me just ask you one question first.
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Najprv sa vás niečo opýtam.
07:15
How many of you
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Koľkí z vás
07:17
in the last years
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sa v posledných rokoch
07:19
have ever found yourself worrying about the Middle East
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strachovalo o Stredný Východ
07:22
and wondering what anyone could do?
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a rozmýšľali ste, čo by ste mohli urobiť?
07:24
Just out of curiosity, how many of you?
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Len zo zvedavosti, koľko z vás?
07:26
Okay, so the great majority of us.
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Okej, takže veľká väčšina.
07:29
And here, it's so far away.
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A to sme tu, ďaleko odtiaľ.
07:31
Why do we pay so much attention to this conflict?
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Prečo sa o tento konflikt tak zaujímame?
07:34
Is it the number of deaths?
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Je to tým, koľko ľudí tam zomiera?
07:36
There are a hundred times more people who die
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V konflikte v Afrike zomiera stokrát viac ľudí
07:38
in a conflict in Africa than in the Middle East.
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ako na Strednom Východe.
07:40
No, it's because of the story,
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Nie, je to kvôli príbehu,
07:42
because we feel personally involved
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je to kvôli tomu, že cítime, že sa toho príbehu
07:44
in that story.
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osobne zúčastňujeme.
07:46
Whether we're Christians, Muslims or Jews,
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Či už sme kresťania, moslimovia alebo židia,
07:48
religious or non-religious,
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veriaci alebo neveriaci,
07:50
we feel we have a personal stake in it.
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cítime, že v tom máme osobný podiel.
07:52
Stories matter. As an anthropologist, I know that.
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Na príbehoch záleží. Ako antropológ to viem.
07:55
Stories are what we use to transmit knowledge.
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Príbehy nám umožňujú predávať vedomosti.
07:58
They give meaning to our lives.
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Dávajú našim životom zmysel.
08:00
That's what we tell here at TED, we tell stories.
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Oni sú tým, čo tu na TEDe robíme, rozprávame príbehy.
08:02
Stories are the key.
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Príbehy sú kľúčom.
08:04
And so my question is,
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A moja otázka znie,
08:07
yes, let's try and resolve the politics
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áno, pokúsme sa vyriešiť politické problémy
08:09
there in the Middle East,
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na Strednom Východe,
08:11
but let's also take a look at the story.
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ale pozrime sa aj na príbeh.
08:14
Let's try to get at the root of what it's all about.
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Dostaňme sa až na koreň toho, o čom to celé je.
08:16
Let's see if we can apply the third side to it.
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A pozrime sa, či v tom môžeme použiť silu tretej strany.
08:18
What would that mean? What is the story there?
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Čo by to znamenalo? Aký je tu príbeh?
08:21
Now as anthropologists, we know
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Ako antropológovia vieme,
08:23
that every culture has an origin story.
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že každá kultúra má svoj príbeh vzniku.
08:26
What's the origin story of the Middle East?
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Aký je príbeh vzniku Stredného Východu?
08:28
In a phrase, it's:
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V skratke je to:
08:30
4,000 years ago, a man and his family
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pred 4000 rokmi muž zo svojou rodinou
08:33
walked across the Middle East,
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prešiel cez Stredný Východ
08:35
and the world has never been the same since.
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a svet už nikdy potom nebol taký, ako predtým.
08:38
That man, of course,
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Tým mužom bol, samozrejme,
08:40
was Abraham.
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Abrahám.
08:42
And what he stood for was unity,
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A on stál za jednotou,
08:44
the unity of the family.
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jednotou rodiny.
08:46
He's the father of us all.
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Je otcom nás všetkých.
08:48
But it's not just what he stood for, it's what his message was.
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A za tým si nielen stál, to bol aj jeho odkaz.
08:50
His basic message was unity too,
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Jeho odkazom bola jednota,
08:53
the interconnectedness of it all, the unity of it all,
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prepojenie a jednota nás všetkých.
08:56
and his basic value was respect,
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A medzi jeho hodnoty patril rešpekt,
08:59
was kindness toward strangers.
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láskavosť k cudzincom.
09:01
That's what he's known for, his hospitality.
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Bol známy pre svoju pohostinnosť.
09:04
So in that sense,
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A v tom zmysle
09:06
he's the symbolic third side
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je on tou treťou stranou
09:08
of the Middle East.
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Stredného Východu.
09:10
He's the one who reminds us
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On je ten, kto nám pripomína,
09:13
that we're all part of a greater whole.
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že sme súčasťou väčšieho celku.
09:15
Now how would you --
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A ako by ste --
09:17
now think about that for a moment.
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uvažujme o tom chvíľu.
09:19
Today we face the scourge of terrorism.
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Dnes čelíme hrozbe terorizmu.
09:22
What is terrorism?
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Čo je terorizmus?
09:24
Terrorism is basically taking an innocent stranger
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Terorizmus vezme nevinného cudzinca
09:27
and treating them as an enemy whom you kill
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a správa sa k nemu, ako k nepriateľovi, ktorého zabije,
09:30
in order to create fear.
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aby vyvolal strach.
09:32
What's the opposite of terrorism?
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Čo je opakom terorizmu?
09:34
It's taking an innocent stranger
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Keď vezmete nevinného cudzinca
09:36
and treating them as a friend
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a správate sa k nemu, ako k priateľovi,
09:38
whom you welcome into your home
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ktorého uvítate vo svojom dome,
09:41
in order to sow and create understanding,
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aby ste rozsievali a vytvárali porozumenie,
09:43
or respect, or love.
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a rešpekt, a lásku.
09:46
So what if then
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Čo ak
09:48
you took the story of Abraham,
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vezmete príbeh Abraháma,
09:51
which is a third side story,
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ktorý je príbehom tretej strany,
09:53
what if that could be --
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čo ak by to mohlo byť --
09:55
because Abraham stands for hospitality --
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keďže Abrahám je obrazom pohostinnosti --
09:58
what if that could be an antidote to terrorism?
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čo ak by to mohlo byť liekom na terorizmus?
10:01
What if that could be a vaccine
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Čo ak by to mohlo byť vakcínou
10:03
against religious intolerance?
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proti náboženskej neznášanlivosti?
10:05
How would you bring that story to life?
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Ako by ste ten príbeh priviedli k životu?
10:08
Now it's not enough just to tell a story --
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Nestačí ho porozprávať --
10:10
that's powerful --
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to má svoju silu --
10:12
but people need to experience the story.
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ale ľudia potrebujú príbeh zažiť.
10:14
They need to be able to live the story. How would you do that?
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Potrebujú ho zakúsiť na vlastnej koži. Ako by ste to dosiahli?
10:17
And that was my thinking of how would you do that.
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To som sa pýtal.
10:20
And that's what comes to the first step here.
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A tu prichádza ten prvý krok.
10:22
Because the simple way to do that
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Jednoduchým spôsobom
10:24
is you go for a walk.
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je ísť na prechádzku.
10:27
You go for a walk in the footsteps of Abraham.
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Ísť sa prejsť v Abrahámových šlapajách.
10:30
You retrace the footsteps of Abraham.
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Prejsť tadiaľ, kadiaľ šiel on.
10:33
Because walking has a real power.
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Pretože chôdza má skutočnú silu.
10:36
You know, as an anthropologist, walking is what made us human.
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Viete, chôdza z nás urobila ľudí.
10:39
Walking, it's funny, when you walk,
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Je zaujímavé, že keď kráčate,
10:41
you walk side-by-side
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tak kráčate vedľa seba
10:43
in the same common direction.
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rovnakým smerom.
10:46
Now if I were to come to you face-to-face
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Ak by som k vás prišiel z opačného smeru
10:48
and come this close to you,
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a priblížil sa takto blízko,
10:51
you would feel threatened.
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cítili by ste sa ohrození.
10:54
But if I walk shoulder-to-shoulder,
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Ale ak budem kráčať vedľa vás,
10:56
even touching shoulders,
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aj keď sa vás budem dotýkať plecom,
10:58
it's no problem.
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nie je to problém.
11:00
Who fights while they walk?
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Kto bojuje, keď kráča?
11:02
That's why in negotiations, often, when things get tough,
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To je dôvod, prečo po vyostrení vyjednávania,
11:05
people go for walks in the woods.
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idú ľudia na prechádzku do lesa.
11:07
So the idea came to me
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A tak mi napadlo,
11:09
of what about inspiring
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čo takto inšpirujúca
11:11
a path, a route --
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cesta --
11:13
think the silk route, think the Appalachian trail --
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spomeňte si na hodvábnu cestu, na Apalačskú cestu --
11:16
that followed in the footsteps
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v šlapajách
11:18
of Abraham.
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Abraháma.
11:20
People said, "That's crazy. You can't.
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Ľudia mi hovorili, "To je šialené. To nemôžeš.
11:22
You can't retrace the footsteps of Abraham. It's too insecure.
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Nemôžeš ísť v Abrahámových šlapajách. Je to nebezpečné.
11:25
You've got to cross all these borders.
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Budeš musieť prekročiť všetky tie hranice.
11:27
It goes across 10 different countries in the Middle East,
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Tá cesta sa vinie cez 10 rôznych krajín Stredného Východu,
11:29
because it unites them all."
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keďže ich všetky spája."
11:31
And so we studied the idea at Harvard.
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Študovali sme tú myšlienku na Harvarde.
11:33
We did our due diligence.
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Naozaj sme usilovne pracovali.
11:35
And then a few years ago, a group of us,
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A pred niekoľkými rokmi sa skupina,
11:37
about 25 of us from about 10 different countries,
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bolo nás asi 25 z 10 rôznych krajín,
11:39
decided to see if we could retrace the footsteps of Abraham,
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vybrala na cestu v Abrahámových šlapajách,
11:41
going from his initial birthplace in the city of Urfa
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ktorá vedie z jeho rodiska v meste Urfa
11:44
in Southern Turkey, Northern Mesopotamia.
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v južnom Turecku, vtedajšej severnej Mezopotámii.
11:47
And we then took a bus and took some walks
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Šli sme autobusom aj pešo
11:50
and went to Harran,
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a prišli sme do Harranu,
11:52
where, in the Bible, he sets off on his journey.
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kde sa, podľa Biblie, vybral na cestu.
11:55
Then we crossed the border into Syria, went to Aleppo,
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Potom sme prekročili hranice Sýrie a prišli sme do Aleppa,
11:57
which, turns out, is named after Abraham.
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ktoré je pomenované podľa Abraháma.
11:59
We went to Damascus,
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Šli sme do Damašku,
12:01
which has a long history associated with Abraham.
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ktoré má dlhú históriu spojenú s Abrahámom.
12:03
We then came to Northern Jordan,
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Potom sme šli do severného Jordánska,
12:06
to Jerusalem,
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do Jeruzalema,
12:08
which is all about Abraham, to Bethlehem,
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ktoré je s ním úzko späté, a do Betlehema,
12:11
and finally to the place where he's buried
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a napokon na miesto, kde je pochovaný,
12:13
in Hebron.
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do Hebronu.
12:15
So effectively, we went from womb to tomb.
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Takže sme prešli od kolísky až po hrob.
12:17
We showed it could be done. It was an amazing journey.
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Ukázali sme, že sa to dá. Bola to úžasná cesta.
12:20
Let me ask you a question.
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Dovoľte mi otázku.
12:22
How many of you have had the experience
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Koľkí z vás majú skúsenosť s tým,
12:24
of being in a strange neighborhood,
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že ste ako úplný cudzinec
12:26
or strange land,
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v cudzej krajine,
12:28
and a total stranger, perfect stranger,
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a úplne cudzí človek
12:31
comes up to you and shows you some kindness,
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ku vám príde a urobí vám láskavosť,
12:34
maybe invites you into their home, gives you a drink,
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pozve vás domov, dá vám napiť,
12:36
gives you a coffee, gives you a meal?
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dá vám kávu a pohostí vás?
12:38
How many of you have ever had that experience?
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Koľkí z vás majú túto skúsenosť?
12:40
That's the essence
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To je podstatou
12:42
of the Abraham path.
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Abrahámovej cesty.
12:44
But that's what you discover, is you go into these villages in the Middle East
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A to nájdete, keď pôjdete do dedín na Strednom Východe.
12:46
where you expect hostility,
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Na mieste, kde by ste očakávali nepriateľstvo,
12:48
and you get the most amazing hospitality,
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sa vám dostane úžasnej pohostinnosti,
12:50
all associated with Abraham.
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ktorá je tak spojená s Abrahámom.
12:52
"In the name of father Abraham,
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"V mene otca Abraháma,
12:54
let me offer you some food."
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vám ponúkam svoje jedlo."
12:56
So what we discovered
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Takže sme prišli na to,
12:58
is that Abraham is not just a figure out of a book for those people.
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že Abrahám nie je pre týchto ľudí len postavou z knihy,
13:01
He's alive; he's a living presence.
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on je pre nich živý, prítomný.
13:04
And to make a long story short,
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A aby som to skrátil,
13:06
in the last couple of years now,
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v posledných rokoch
13:08
thousands of people
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sa tisícky ľudí
13:10
have begun to walk parts of the path of Abraham
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vybrali na Abrahámovu cestu
13:12
in the Middle East,
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na Strednom Východe,
13:14
enjoying the hospitality of the people there.
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a zažívajú pohostinnosť miestnych ľudí.
13:17
They've begun to walk
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Začínajú kráčať
13:19
in Israel and Palestine,
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v Izraeli a Palestíne,
13:21
in Jordan, in Turkey, in Syria.
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v Jordánsku, v Turecku, v Sýrii.
13:23
It's an amazing experience.
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Je to úžasný zážitok.
13:25
Men, women, young people, old people --
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Muži, ženy, mladí, starí --
13:27
more women than men, actually, interestingly.
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viac žien ako mužov, čo je zaujímavé.
13:30
For those who can't walk,
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Pre tých, ktorí nemôžu kráčať,
13:32
who are unable to get there right now,
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pre tých, čo tam nemôžu ísť,
13:34
people started to organize walks
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sa začali organizovať pochody
13:36
in cities, in their own communities.
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v mestách, vo vlastných komunitách.
13:38
In Cincinnati, for instance, that organized a walk
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V Cincinnati sa napríklad zorganizoval pochod
13:40
from a church to a mosque to a synagogue
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od kostola k mešite a k synagóge
13:42
and all had an Abrahamic meal together.
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a potom sa všetci spolu najedli.
13:44
It was Abraham Path Day.
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Bol to deň Abrahámovej cesty.
13:46
In Sao Paulo, Brazil, it's become an annual event
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V Sao Paolo, v Brazílii, sa to stalo pravidlom každý rok
13:48
for thousands of people to run
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bežať po virtuálnej Abrahámovej ceste
13:50
in a virtual Abraham Path Run,
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pre tisíce ľudí
13:52
uniting the different communities.
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z rôznych komunít.
13:54
The media love it; they really adore it.
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Média to milujú.
13:57
They lavish attention on it
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Zahŕňajú to svojou pozornosťou,
13:59
because it's visual,
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pretože sa to dá vidieť,
14:01
and it spreads the idea,
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šíri to myšlienku,
14:03
this idea of Abrahamic hospitality
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tú myšlienku Abrahámovej pohostinnosti
14:05
of kindness towards strangers.
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a láskavosti voči cudzincom.
14:07
And just a couple weeks ago,
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A len pred niekoľkými týždňami
14:09
there was an NPR story on it.
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bol ten príbeh v rádiu.
14:11
Last month,
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Minulý mesiac
14:13
there was a piece in the Guardian,
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bol o tom článok v Guardian,
14:15
in the Manchester Guardian, about it --
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v Guardian v Manchestri, --
14:18
two whole pages.
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celé dve strany.
14:21
And they quoted a villager
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A citovali tam dedinčana,
14:24
who said, "This walk connects us to the world."
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ktorý povedal, "Tento pochod nás spája so svetom."
14:27
He said it was like a light that went on in our lives.
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Povedal, že to bolo ako svetlo, ktoré v ich životoch zasvietilo.
14:30
It brought us hope.
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Že im to prinieslo nádej.
14:32
And so that's what it's about.
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A o tom to celé je.
14:34
But it's not just about psychology;
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Nie je to len o psychológii,
14:37
it's about economics,
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ale aj o ekonomike,
14:39
because as people walk they spend money.
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pretože keď ľudia kráčaju, míňajú peniaze.
14:41
And this woman right here, Um Ahmad,
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Táto žena, Um Ahmad,
14:44
is a woman who lives on a path in Northern Jordan.
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žije na ceste v severnom Jordánsku.
14:47
She's desperately poor.
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Je zúfalo chudobná.
14:49
She's partially blind, her husband can't work,
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Čiastočne oslepla, jej manžel nemôže pracovať,
14:52
she's got seven kids.
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má sedem detí.
14:55
But what she can do is cook,
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Ale vie variť.
14:57
and so she's begun to cook for some groups of walkers
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A tak začala variť pre niektoré skupiny chodcov,
15:00
who come through the village and have a meal in her home.
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ktorí prišli do dediny a mohli sa najesť v jej dome.
15:03
They sit on the floor.
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Sedia na dlážke.
15:05
She doesn't even have a tablecloth.
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Nemá ani obrus.
15:07
She makes the most delicious food
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Ale robí neskutočne chutné jedlo,
15:09
that's fresh from the herbs in the surrounding countryside.
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z čerstvých byliniek z okolia.
15:12
And so more and more walkers have come,
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A prichádza ku nej čoraz viac ľudí.
15:14
and lately she's begun to earn an income
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Prednedávnom začala zarábať dosť na to,
15:16
to support her family.
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aby uživila svoju rodinu.
15:18
And so she told our team there, she said,
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Keď tam bol náš tím, povedala,
15:21
"You have made me visible
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"Spravili ste ma viditeľnou
15:24
in a village where people were once ashamed
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pre ľudí v dedine, ktorí sa kedysi hanbili
15:26
to look at me."
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na mňa pozrieť."
15:28
That's the potential of the Abraham path.
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To je potenciál Abrahámovej cesty.
15:31
There are literally hundreds of those kinds of communities
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Po celom Strednom Východe sú popri ceste
15:33
across the Middle East, across the path.
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doslova stovky takýchto komunít.
15:37
The potential is basically to change the game.
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Tá cesta má potenciál meniť ich životy.
15:40
And to change the game, you have to change the frame,
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A aby ste zmenili ich životy, musíte zmeniť
15:42
the way we see things --
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spôsob, akým veci vidíme --
15:44
to change the frame
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zmeniť
15:46
from hostility to hospitality,
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nepriateľstvo na pohostinnosť,
15:49
from terrorism to tourism.
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terorizmus na turizmus.
15:52
And in that sense, the Abraham path
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A v tomto zmysle Abrahámova cesta
15:54
is a game-changer.
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mení životy.
15:56
Let me just show you one thing.
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Ukážem vám jednu vec.
15:58
I have a little acorn here
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Mám malý žaluď,
16:00
that I picked up while I was walking on the path
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ktorý som našiel, keď som prechádzal cestou
16:02
earlier this year.
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tento rok.
16:04
Now the acorn is associated with the oak tree, of course --
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Žaluď je samozrejme spájaný s dubom --
16:06
grows into an oak tree,
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vyrastie z neho dub,
16:08
which is associated with Abraham.
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ktorý je spájaný s Abrahámom.
16:10
The path right now is like an acorn;
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Cesta je teraz ako žaluď,
16:12
it's still in its early phase.
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len na začiatku svojho života.
16:14
What would the oak tree look like?
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Ako bude vyzerať dub?
16:16
Well I think back to my childhood,
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Keď si spomínam na svoje detstvo,
16:18
a good part of which I spent, after being born here in Chicago,
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veľkú časť z neho som strávil v Európe,
16:20
I spent in Europe.
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hoci som sa narodil tu v Chicagu.
16:22
If you had been
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Ak by ste boli
16:24
in the ruins of, say, London
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v ruinách Londýna
16:26
in 1945, or Berlin,
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v roku 1945 alebo v Berlíne,
16:29
and you had said,
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a povedali by ste,
16:31
"Sixty years from now,
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"o 60 rokov
16:33
this is going to be the most peaceful, prosperous part of the planet,"
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to bude najpokojnejšia a prosperujúca časť planéty,"
16:35
people would have thought
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ľudia by si mysleli,
16:37
you were certifiably insane.
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že ste sa zbláznili.
16:39
But they did it thanks to a common identity -- Europe --
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Ale oni to dokázali vďaka spoločnej identite -- celá Európa --
16:43
and a common economy.
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a spoločnej ekonomike.
16:45
So my question is, if it can be done in Europe,
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Moja otázka znie, ak sa to dalo spraviť v Európe,
16:48
why not in the Middle East?
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prečo nie na Strednom Východe?
16:50
Why not, thanks to a common identity,
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Prečo nie, vďaka spoločnej identite --
16:52
which is the story of Abraham,
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ktorou je príbeh Abraháma --
16:54
and thanks to a common economy
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a vďaka spoločnej ekonomike,
16:56
that would be based in good part on tourism?
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ktorá by bola z veľkej časti založená na turizme.
17:00
So let me conclude then
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Dovoľte mi zakončiť to myšlienkou,
17:02
by saying that in the last 35 years,
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že hoci som za posledných 35 rokov
17:05
as I've worked
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pracoval
17:07
in some of the most dangerous, difficult and intractable
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v mnohých nebezpečných, ťažkých a úporných
17:09
conflicts around the planet,
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konfliktoch po celom svete,
17:11
I have yet to see one conflict
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nevidel som ani jeden konflikt,
17:14
that I felt could not be transformed.
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pri ktorom by som cítil, že sa nedá vyriešiť.
17:17
It's not easy, of course,
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Samozrejme, nie je to ľahké,
17:19
but it's possible.
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ale je to možné.
17:21
It was done in South Africa.
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Podarilo sa to v Juhoafrickej republike.
17:23
It was done in Northern Ireland.
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Podarilo sa to v severnom Írsku.
17:25
It could be done anywhere.
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Môže sa to podariť všade.
17:27
It simply depends on us.
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Záleží to len na nás.
17:29
It depends on us taking the third side.
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Záleží to na tom, ako sa postavíme k úlohe tretej strany.
17:32
So let me invite you
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A tak mi dovoľte pozvať vás
17:34
to consider taking the third side,
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k prevzatiu tejto úlohy,
17:36
even as a very small step.
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hoci aj v malých rozmeroch.
17:38
We're about to take a break in a moment.
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Čoskoro budeme mať prestávku.
17:40
Just go up to someone
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Choďte k niekomu,
17:42
who's from a different culture, a different country,
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kto je z inej kultúry, z inej krajiny,
17:45
a different ethnicity, some difference,
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z iného etnika, kto je nejako odlišný,
17:47
and engage them in a conversation; listen to them.
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a začnite sa s ním rozprávať, počúvajte ho.
17:50
That's a third side act.
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To je čin tretej strany.
17:52
That's walking Abraham's path.
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To je kráčanie po Abrahamovej ceste.
17:54
After a TEDTalk,
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Po TEDTalk (talk - rozprávať),
17:56
why not a TEDWalk?
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prečo nie TEDWalk (walk - kráčať)?
17:58
So let me just leave you
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Zapamätajte si z tohto
18:00
with three things.
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tri veci.
18:02
One is, the secret to peace
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Prvá, tajomstvom mieru
18:05
is the third side.
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je tretia strana.
18:08
The third side is us.
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Tretia strana sme my,
18:10
Each of us,
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každý z nás,
18:12
with a single step,
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krok po kroku,
18:14
can take the world, can bring the world
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môžeme vziať svet a posunúť ho
18:17
a step closer to peace.
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o krok bližšie k mieru.
18:20
There's an old African proverb that goes:
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Jedno staré africké príslovie hovorí:
18:22
"When spider webs unite,
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"Keď sa spoja pavučiny,
18:24
they can halt even the lion."
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môžu zadržať aj leva."
18:27
If we're able to unite
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Ak spojíme
18:29
our third-side webs of peace,
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naše siete tretej strany za mier,
18:31
we can even halt the lion of war.
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udržíme aj leva vojny.
18:34
Thank you very much.
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Ďakujem veľmi pekne.
18:36
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
William Ury - MediatorWilliam Ury is a mediator, writer and speaker, working with conflicts ranging from family feuds to boardroom battles to ethnic wars. He's the author of "Getting to Yes."
Why you should listen
William L. Ury co-founded Harvard's Program on Negotiation and is currently a Senior Fellow of the Harvard Negotiation Project. He is the author of The Power of a Positive No: How to Say No & Still Get to Yes, and co-author (with Roger Fisher) of Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In, translated into 30+ languages. He is also author of the award-winning Getting Past No: Negotiating with Difficult People and Getting To Peace (released in paperback under the title The Third Side).
Over the last 30 years, Ury has served as a negotiation adviser and mediator in conflicts ranging from corporate mergers to wildcat strikes in a Kentucky coal mine to ethnic wars in the Middle East, the Balkans, and the former Soviet Union. With former president Jimmy Carter, he co- founded the International Negotiation Network, a non-governmental body seeking to end civil wars around the world. During the 1980s, he helped the US and Soviet governments create nuclear crisis centers designed to avert an accidental nuclear war. In that capacity, he served as a consultant to the Crisis Management Center at the White House. More recently, Ury has served as a third party in helping to end a civil war in Aceh, Indonesia, and helping to prevent one in Venezuela.
Ury has taught negotiation to tens of thousands of corporate executives, labor leaders, diplomats and military officers around the world. He helps organizations try to reach mutually profitable agreements with customers, suppliers, unions, and joint-venture partners.
William Ury | Speaker | TED.com