TEDxMidwest
William Ury: The walk from "no" to "yes"
William Ury: 從"不行“到“可以“的道路
Filmed:
Readability: 3.3
2,393,780 views
William Ury, “談判力“的作者,提供了一個充滿智慧,簡易（但卻不簡單）的方式讓就算再困難的情況也能產生協議--從家庭之間的紛爭到, 也許, 中東問題上都能適用。
William Ury - Mediator
William Ury is a mediator, writer and speaker, working with conflicts ranging from family feuds to boardroom battles to ethnic wars. He's the author of "Getting to Yes." Full bio
William Ury is a mediator, writer and speaker, working with conflicts ranging from family feuds to boardroom battles to ethnic wars. He's the author of "Getting to Yes." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Well, the subject of difficult negotiation
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講到談判的困難度的主題
00:18
reminds me of one of my favorite stories
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讓我想到我喜歡的一個
00:20
from the Middle East,
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中東來的故事
00:22
of a man who left to his three sons 17 camels.
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一個男子給了他三個兒子17隻駱駝
00:25
To the first son, he left half the camels.
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他把一半的駱駝給了他大兒子
00:28
To the second son, he left a third of the camels,
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把三分之一的駱駝給他的二兒子
00:30
and to the youngest son, he left a ninth of the camels.
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把九分之一給他的小兒子
00:32
Well three sons got into a negotiation.
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三個兒子就開始協商了
00:34
Seventeen doesn't divide by two.
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17沒有辦法除以2
00:36
It doesn't divide by three.
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也沒有辦法除以3
00:38
It doesn't divide by nine.
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沒有辦法除以9
00:40
Brotherly tempers started to get strained.
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兄弟之間的感情就開始緊張啦
00:42
Finally, in desperation,
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最後, 他們豁出去了
00:44
they went and they consulted a wise old woman.
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他們去找了一個聰明的老太太幫他們解決問題
00:47
The wise old woman thought about their problem for a long time,
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這個聰明的老太太想了很久以後
00:49
and finally she came back and said,
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最後她回來告訴他們
00:51
"Well, I don't know if I can help you,
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“嗯, 我不知道我該如何幫你們,
00:53
but at least, if you want, you can have my camel."
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不過至少, 如果你們要的話, 你們可以拿走我的駱駝."
00:55
So then they had 18 camels.
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所以他們有18隻駱駝
00:57
The first son took his half -- half of 18 is nine.
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大兒子拿走了屬於他的一半--18隻的一半是9隻
01:00
The second son took his third -- a third of 18 is six.
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二兒子拿走了屬於他的三分之一--18隻的三分之一是六
01:03
The youngest son took his ninth --
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小兒子拿走了屬於他的九分之一
01:05
a ninth of 18 is two.
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18隻的九分之一是2
01:07
You get 17.
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加起來正好是17
01:09
They had one camel left over.
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他們還多出了一隻駱駝
01:11
They gave it back to the wise old woman.
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所以他們還給了聰明的老太太
01:13
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:15
Now if you think about that story for a moment,
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如果你認真的想想這個故事
01:17
I think it resembles
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我想這和大部分我們常碰到的
01:19
a lot of the difficult negotiations we get involved in.
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難度高的談判類似
01:22
They start off like 17 camels -- no way to resolve it.
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剛開始的時候他們有17隻駱駝--沒有辦法解決這個難題
01:24
Somehow, what we need to do
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有的時候,我們需要的是
01:26
is step back from those situations, like that wise old woman,
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往後退一步想一想,就像那個聰明的老太太一樣
01:29
look at the situation through fresh eyes
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用不一樣的眼光來看待這個問題
01:31
and come up with an 18th camel.
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進而選擇用18隻駱駝來解決問題
01:35
Now finding that 18th camel in the world's conflicts
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現在用"18隻駱駝"的邏輯來解決世界上的紛爭
01:37
has been my life passion.
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成為我的生命志向
01:40
I basically see humanity a bit like those three brothers.
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基本上來說, 我對待人的態度就像那三兄弟一樣
01:43
We're all one family.
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我們是個大家庭
01:45
We know that scientifically,
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科學上而言, 我們也知道我們是個大家庭
01:47
thanks to the communications revolution,
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感謝大眾傳播的革命
01:49
all the tribes on the planet, all 15,000 tribes,
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每個在地球上的種族, 一萬五千個種族
01:52
are in touch with each other.
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都可以和彼此保持聯絡
01:55
And it's a big family reunion,
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而這就是個大家庭的團圓
01:57
and yet, like many family reunions,
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就像大部分的家庭團聚一樣
01:59
it's not all peace and light.
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並不盡是和平和光明的
02:01
There's a lot of conflict,
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有許多的衝突
02:03
and the question is,
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問題是
02:05
how do we deal with our differences?
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我們該如何處裡我們之間的差異?
02:07
How do we deal with our deepest differences,
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基本人們對衝突的本性
02:09
given the human propensity for conflict
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和人類的智慧
02:11
and the human genius
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來解決我們之間最深層的差異?
02:13
at devising weapons of enormous destruction?
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用設計精密的武器來解決巨大的破壞？
02:16
That's the question.
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這就是問題
02:18
As I've spent the last better part of three decades,
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我花了過去三十年中最精華的時間
02:21
almost four,
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將近四十年
02:23
traveling the world,
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在世界各地旅行著
02:25
trying to work, getting involved in conflicts
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試圖去解決,介入衝突之中
02:28
ranging from Yugoslavia to the Middle East
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從南斯拉夫到中東
02:31
to Chechnya to Venezuela,
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從車臣到委內瑞拉
02:33
some of the most difficult conflicts on the face of the planet,
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有些是在地表上有史以來最困難的衝突
02:36
I've been asking myself that question.
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我問過我自己這個問題
02:38
And I think I've found, in some ways,
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我想我藉由某些方式找到了答案
02:40
what is the secret to peace.
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所謂和平的秘密
02:42
It's actually surprisingly simple.
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事實上答案是令人驚訝的簡單
02:45
It's not easy, but it's simple.
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不是很容易, 但很簡單
02:48
It's not even new.
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不只是現在
02:50
It may be one of our most ancient human heritages.
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這也許是我們最古老的人類遺產
02:52
The secret to peace is us.
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和平的秘密是我們
02:55
It's us who act
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是我們這些
02:57
as the surrounding community
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在社區裡面對各種衝突時
02:59
around any conflict,
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扮演建設性的
03:01
who can play a constructive role.
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角色的人
03:03
Let me give you just a story, an example.
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讓我告訴你的故事,一個例子
03:07
About 20 years ago, I was in South Africa
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將近二十年前我在南非
03:09
working with the parties in that conflict,
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和一些團體處裡衝突
03:11
and I had an extra month,
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結束後我有一個月的假
03:13
so I spent some time living
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所以我花了點時間和
03:15
with several groups of San Bushmen.
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一些San Bushmen的聚落住在一起
03:17
I was curious about them and about the way in which they resolve conflict.
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我對於他們的生活模式和他們解決衝突的方式感到好奇
03:21
Because, after all, within living memory,
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因為,說穿了,在我們的記憶裡
03:23
they were hunters and gatherers,
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他們是獵人和蒐集者
03:25
living pretty much like our ancestors lived
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和百分之九十九的人類故事中
03:27
for maybe 99 percent of the human story.
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我們的祖先的生活方式一樣
03:30
And all the men have these poison arrows that they use for hunting --
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而所有的人都擁有這些可以用來狩獵的毒藥
03:33
absolutely fatal.
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絕對致命的毒藥
03:35
So how do they deal with their differences?
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所以他們如何面對他們與其他人之前的差異？
03:37
Well what I learned
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事實上, 我從中學到了
03:39
is whenever tempers rise in those communities,
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當這些社區裡的人情緒開始沸騰時,
03:42
someone goes and hides the poison arrows out in the bush,
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有些人會把毒藥藏在灌木以外的地方
03:45
and then everyone sits around in a circle like this,
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然後所有人坐成像這樣的一個圓圈
03:49
and they sit, and they talk, and they talk.
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他們坐著, 然後討論, 然後討論
03:52
It may take two days, three days, four days,
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也許會花上兩天, 三天, 四天
03:54
but they don't rest
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但他們不休息
03:56
until they find a resolution,
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直到他們找到解決方法
03:58
or better yet, a reconciliation.
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或者更好的, 一個和解的方案
04:00
And if tempers are still too high,
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如果情緒仍然很高亢
04:02
then they send someone off to visit some relatives
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那他們就會讓有些人休息去拜訪親戚
04:04
as a cooling-off period.
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當作是讓彼此冷靜的時間
04:06
Well that system
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這個系統是
04:08
is, I think, probably the system that kept us alive to this point,
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我想, 也許是讓我們活到現在的原因
04:11
given our human tendencies.
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基於我們人類的天性
04:13
That system, I call the "third side."
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這個系統, 我稱它為第三方
04:16
Because if you think about it,
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因為如果你認真想想
04:18
normally when we think of conflict, when we describe it,
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通常當我們想到爭執, 當我們描述爭執時,
04:21
there's always two sides --
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通常只有兩方面
04:23
it's Arabs versus Israelis, labor versus management,
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阿拉伯對抗以色列, 勞工階層對抗管理階層
04:25
husband versus wife, Republicans versus Democrats.
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丈夫對抗妻子, 共和黨對抗民主黨
04:28
But what we don't often see
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但我們通常看不見的是
04:30
is that there's always a third side,
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其實這中間都有個第三方
04:32
and the third side of the conflict is us,
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而這個爭執中的第三方是我們
04:34
it's the surrounding community,
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是周遭的社區
04:36
it's the friends, the allies,
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是朋友, 是夥伴
04:38
the family members, the neighbors.
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是家人, 是鄰居
04:40
And we can play an incredibly constructive role.
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而我們能扮演一個難以置信的建設性角色
04:43
Perhaps the most fundamental way
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應該能說最基本能讓第三方
04:45
in which the third side can help
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來幫忙的
04:48
is to remind the parties of what's really at stake.
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是提醒兩方什麼才是真正重要的
04:51
For the sake of the kids, for the sake of the family,
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為了自己的小孩, 為了自己的家人
04:53
for the sake of the community, for the sake of the future,
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為了整個社區, 為了未來著想
04:56
let's stop fighting for a moment and start talking.
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停下戰鬥而開始進行談話
04:59
Because, the thing is,
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因為, 如果我們
05:01
when we're involved in conflict,
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介入了爭執中
05:03
it's very easy to lose perspective.
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往往很容易失去了對事物的洞察力
05:05
It's very easy to react.
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其實這很容易能反應
05:07
Human beings -- we're reaction machines.
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人類：我們是反應的機器
05:10
And as the saying goes,
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而就像那句格言說的
05:12
when angry, you will make the best speech
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當你在生氣時, 是最容易說出
05:14
you will ever regret.
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讓你永遠後悔的話
05:17
And so the third side reminds us of that.
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而第三方能提醒我們這點
05:20
The third side helps us go to the balcony,
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第三方幫助我們走到陽台上
05:22
which is a metaphor for a place of perspective,
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隱喻為我們找個能透視問題的空間
05:25
where we can keep our eyes on the prize.
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讓我們能把焦點集中在最後的勝利上
05:28
Let me tell you a little story from my own negotiating experience.
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讓我告訴你一個我自己談判經驗上的小故事
05:31
Some years ago, I was involved as a facilitator
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許多年前, 我在俄國的領袖
05:34
in some very tough talks
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和車臣的領袖
05:36
between the leaders of Russia
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的高峰會談上
05:38
and the leaders of Chechnya.
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擔任促進會談的角色
05:40
There was a war going on, as you know.
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正如你所知道的, 那時戰爭正在進行
05:42
And we met in the Hague,
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而我們在海牙
05:44
in the Peace Palace,
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的和平宮殿裡會面
05:46
in the same room where the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal
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在同個房間裡, 南斯拉夫的戰犯
05:49
was taking place.
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正在接受審判
05:51
And the talks got off to a rather rocky start
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而談話從艱難的對話開始
05:53
when the vice president of Chechnya
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當車臣的副總統
05:55
began by pointing at the Russians and said,
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開始指著俄國人說,
05:58
"You should stay right here in your seats,
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“你應該好好待在你的位子上,
06:00
because you're going to be on trial for war crimes."
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因為你將會參加戰犯法庭。“
06:02
And then he went on, and then he turned to me and said,
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然後他繼續, 然後他指著我說,
06:04
"You're an American.
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你是個美國人
06:06
Look at what you Americans are doing in Puerto Rico."
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看看你們美國人在波多黎各幹得好事。“
06:09
And my mind started racing, "Puerto Rico? What do I know about Puerto Rico?"
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然後我的思緒開始奔跑, "波多黎各？ 我對波多黎各了解多少？“
06:12
I started reacting,
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我開始回答他的談話,
06:14
but then I tried to remember to go to the balcony.
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但我試著記得走到陽台上去。
06:17
And then when he paused,
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當他暫停談話,
06:19
and everyone looked at me for a response,
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所有人把目光集中到我身上想看我有什麼回答
06:21
from a balcony perspective, I was able to thank him for his remarks
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從陽台角度看來, 我能夠謝謝他的評論
06:24
and say, "I appreciate your criticism of my country,
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然後說, “我感謝你對我的國家的批評,
06:27
and I take it as a sign that we're among friends
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而我會把那當作是我們是朋友的象徵
06:29
and can speak candidly to one another.
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所以才能率直的和對方談話
06:32
And what we're here to do is not to talk about Puerto Rico or the past.
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我們在這裡不是為了討論波多黎各或是過去
06:35
What we're here to do is to see if we can figure out a way
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我們在這裡是為看我們是否能找出
06:38
to stop the suffering and the bloodshed in Chechnya."
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結束車臣人民的受苦和流血。
06:41
The conversation got back on track.
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對話回到原先的軌道上
06:44
That's the role of the third side,
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這就是第三方的角色
06:46
is to help the parties to go to the balcony.
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為了幫助任何一方走到陽台上
06:48
Now let me take you for a moment
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現在讓我借用你一點時間
06:51
to what's widely regarded as the world's most difficult conflict,
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來看看人們稱為世界上最困難的爭執
06:53
or the most impossible conflict,
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或者最不可能解決的爭執
06:55
is the Middle East.
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那就是中東問題
06:57
Question is: where's the third side there?
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問題是：第三方在哪裡？
07:00
How could we possibly go to the balcony?
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我們該如何走到陽台上？
07:02
Now I don't pretend to have an answer
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我不想裝作我有解決中東問題
07:04
to the Middle East conflict,
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的答案
07:06
but I think I've got a first step,
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但我想我知道第一步該怎麼做
07:08
literally, a first step,
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照字面上來講的第一步
07:10
something that any one of us could do as third-siders.
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是我們之中任何一位都能把自己當作第三方而做的事情
07:13
Let me just ask you one question first.
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讓我首先問你一個問題
07:15
How many of you
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在你們之中有誰
07:17
in the last years
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在過去這幾年
07:19
have ever found yourself worrying about the Middle East
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曾經煩惱過中東問題
07:22
and wondering what anyone could do?
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且想過誰能解決這些問題？
07:24
Just out of curiosity, how many of you?
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只是好奇, 有多少人？
07:26
Okay, so the great majority of us.
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好的, 大多數的人都想過這個問題
07:29
And here, it's so far away.
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就在這裡, 這個離中東這麼遠的地方
07:31
Why do we pay so much attention to this conflict?
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為什麼我們這麼關心這個問題？
07:34
Is it the number of deaths?
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是因為死亡人數嗎？
07:36
There are a hundred times more people who die
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在非洲的爭執中, 有比中東問題更多的
07:38
in a conflict in Africa than in the Middle East.
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數以百計的人死去
07:40
No, it's because of the story,
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不是, 是因為故事本身
07:42
because we feel personally involved
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因為我們覺得是置身在
07:44
in that story.
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故事當中
07:46
Whether we're Christians, Muslims or Jews,
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不管我們是天主教, 穆斯林, 或者猶太人
07:48
religious or non-religious,
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有信仰或者沒信仰
07:50
we feel we have a personal stake in it.
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我們覺得這關係到個人利益
07:52
Stories matter. As an anthropologist, I know that.
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故事是有關係的。 身為一個人類學家, 我很清楚的知道這點
07:55
Stories are what we use to transmit knowledge.
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故事是我們用來傳達知識的工具
07:58
They give meaning to our lives.
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他們給了我們的生活意義
08:00
That's what we tell here at TED, we tell stories.
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就像我們在TED告訴你們的, 我們在講故事
08:02
Stories are the key.
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故事是重點
08:04
And so my question is,
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所以我的問題是
08:07
yes, let's try and resolve the politics
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是的, 我們來試著解決在中東的
08:09
there in the Middle East,
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政治紛爭
08:11
but let's also take a look at the story.
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但讓我們先看一下故事本身
08:14
Let's try to get at the root of what it's all about.
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試著看到故事的根源和內容
08:16
Let's see if we can apply the third side to it.
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試著看看我們是否使用第三方的理念
08:18
What would that mean? What is the story there?
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那是什麼意義？ 那故事會是怎樣？
08:21
Now as anthropologists, we know
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身為人類學家, 我們知道
08:23
that every culture has an origin story.
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每個文化都有其起源的故事
08:26
What's the origin story of the Middle East?
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那中東的起源故事是什麼？
08:28
In a phrase, it's:
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簡單來說就是
08:30
4,000 years ago, a man and his family
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四千年以前, 一個男人和他的家庭
08:33
walked across the Middle East,
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穿越了中東
08:35
and the world has never been the same since.
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而世界從此就再也不一樣了
08:38
That man, of course,
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那個男人當然就是
08:40
was Abraham.
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亞伯拉罕
08:42
And what he stood for was unity,
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而他代表團結
08:44
the unity of the family.
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一個家庭的團結
08:46
He's the father of us all.
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他是我們大家的父親
08:48
But it's not just what he stood for, it's what his message was.
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但不只是他所代表的, 是他的訊息是什麼
08:50
His basic message was unity too,
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他的基本訊息也是團結
08:53
the interconnectedness of it all, the unity of it all,
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所有的互聯性和所有的團結
08:56
and his basic value was respect,
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而他的基本原則是尊重
08:59
was kindness toward strangers.
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是對陌生人的友好
09:01
That's what he's known for, his hospitality.
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這是他廣為人知的地方, 他的好客
09:04
So in that sense,
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所以就此而言
09:06
he's the symbolic third side
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他是中東裡的
09:08
of the Middle East.
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第三方的象徵
09:10
He's the one who reminds us
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他是提醒我們
09:13
that we're all part of a greater whole.
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我們都是隸屬於一個偉大的總體的那個人
09:15
Now how would you --
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現在, 你要如何--
09:17
now think about that for a moment.
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讓我們針對這個思考一下
09:19
Today we face the scourge of terrorism.
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今天我們面臨恐怖主義的折磨
09:22
What is terrorism?
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什麼是恐怖主義？
09:24
Terrorism is basically taking an innocent stranger
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簡單來說恐怖主義是把無辜的陌生人
09:27
and treating them as an enemy whom you kill
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像敵人一樣的傷害
09:30
in order to create fear.
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以達到製造恐怖氣氛的目的
09:32
What's the opposite of terrorism?
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那什麼是恐怖主義的相反意義？
09:34
It's taking an innocent stranger
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是把無辜的陌生人
09:36
and treating them as a friend
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像朋友一樣的對待
09:38
whom you welcome into your home
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歡迎他們到你家裡
09:41
in order to sow and create understanding,
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以達到播下善因和互相理解
09:43
or respect, or love.
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或尊重, 或愛的目的
09:46
So what if then
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所以如果你能
09:48
you took the story of Abraham,
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把亞拉伯罕的故事
09:51
which is a third side story,
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這個第三方的故事
09:53
what if that could be --
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如果能夠因為
09:55
because Abraham stands for hospitality --
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亞拉伯罕代表了好客
09:58
what if that could be an antidote to terrorism?
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如果能夠因為這樣而成為恐怖主義的解藥？
10:01
What if that could be a vaccine
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如果能有個預防針
10:03
against religious intolerance?
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消滅宗教之間的對立？
10:05
How would you bring that story to life?
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你會如何把這個故事運用到生活上？
10:08
Now it's not enough just to tell a story --
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單單述說個故事是不夠的
10:10
that's powerful --
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那是有力的--
10:12
but people need to experience the story.
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但人們需要體驗這個故事
10:14
They need to be able to live the story. How would you do that?
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他們需要生活在那個故事之中. 你要如何辦到？
10:17
And that was my thinking of how would you do that.
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而這是我覺得你該做的事情
10:20
And that's what comes to the first step here.
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這是第一個步驟
10:22
Because the simple way to do that
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因為這個步驟很簡單
10:24
is you go for a walk.
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就是你去步行
10:27
You go for a walk in the footsteps of Abraham.
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你跟隨著亞伯拉罕的腳步走
10:30
You retrace the footsteps of Abraham.
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你追述著亞伯拉罕的腳步前進
10:33
Because walking has a real power.
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因為步行中藴涵著真正的力量
10:36
You know, as an anthropologist, walking is what made us human.
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你知道, 身為個人類學家, 步行是讓我們成為人的原因
10:39
Walking, it's funny, when you walk,
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有趣的是, 當你步行,
10:41
you walk side-by-side
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你走在一起
10:43
in the same common direction.
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在同一個常見的方向裡
10:46
Now if I were to come to you face-to-face
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如果我是面對著你而前進
10:48
and come this close to you,
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而這麼靠近你
10:51
you would feel threatened.
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你會感到有威脅感
10:54
But if I walk shoulder-to-shoulder,
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但如果我們是肩並肩同行
10:56
even touching shoulders,
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就會碰觸到彼此的肩膀
10:58
it's no problem.
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也不成問題
11:00
Who fights while they walk?
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誰會在步行中打架呢？
11:02
That's why in negotiations, often, when things get tough,
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這就是為什麼在談判中, 當事情變得難以解決時
11:05
people go for walks in the woods.
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人們在樹林間步行
11:07
So the idea came to me
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所以我有這個
11:09
of what about inspiring
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開發一個路徑, 一個途徑
11:11
a path, a route --
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的點子
11:13
think the silk route, think the Appalachian trail --
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想想絲路, 想想阿巴拉契亞足跡--
11:16
that followed in the footsteps
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那都是跟隨著亞伯拉罕
11:18
of Abraham.
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的足跡
11:20
People said, "That's crazy. You can't.
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人們說, “這太瘋狂了, 你辦不到
11:22
You can't retrace the footsteps of Abraham. It's too insecure.
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你沒有辦法追循亞伯拉罕的足跡. 這太不安全了。
11:25
You've got to cross all these borders.
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你必須要穿越所有的國界.
11:27
It goes across 10 different countries in the Middle East,
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中東裡有十個不同的國家
11:29
because it unites them all."
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因為他們集結在一起了”
11:31
And so we studied the idea at Harvard.
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所以我們在哈佛裡研究了這個想法
11:33
We did our due diligence.
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我們做了所有被交付的任務
11:35
And then a few years ago, a group of us,
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幾年前, 我們之中的一個組
11:37
about 25 of us from about 10 different countries,
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有大概25名來自10個不同國家的成員
11:39
decided to see if we could retrace the footsteps of Abraham,
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決定試試看我們是否能追循亞伯拉罕的腳步
11:41
going from his initial birthplace in the city of Urfa
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從他的出生地吾珥出發
11:44
in Southern Turkey, Northern Mesopotamia.
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在南土耳其, 北美索不達米亞
11:47
And we then took a bus and took some walks
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然後我們坐公車和步行
11:50
and went to Harran,
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到了哈蘭
11:52
where, in the Bible, he sets off on his journey.
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在聖經裡, 亞伯拉罕在這裡開始他的旅程
11:55
Then we crossed the border into Syria, went to Aleppo,
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然後我們穿越了敘利亞的國界, 前往阿勒頗
11:57
which, turns out, is named after Abraham.
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是個由亞伯拉罕的名字來命名的地方
11:59
We went to Damascus,
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我們去到大馬士革
12:01
which has a long history associated with Abraham.
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這個地方和亞伯拉罕有很深的淵源
12:03
We then came to Northern Jordan,
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我們然後來到北約丹
12:06
to Jerusalem,
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再去耶路撒冷
12:08
which is all about Abraham, to Bethlehem,
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那地方整個城市都和亞伯拉罕有關, 去到伯利恆
12:11
and finally to the place where he's buried
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最後去到希布倫
12:13
in Hebron.
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亞伯拉罕的墓地
12:15
So effectively, we went from womb to tomb.
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我們有效率的從發源地走到另一個發源地
12:17
We showed it could be done. It was an amazing journey.
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我們證明了這一切是有可能辦到的. 這是趟驚奇的旅程
12:20
Let me ask you a question.
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讓我問你個問題
12:22
How many of you have had the experience
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在你們之中有多少人有經歷過
12:24
of being in a strange neighborhood,
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在個完全陌生的社區
12:26
or strange land,
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或著陌生的地方
12:28
and a total stranger, perfect stranger,
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然後一個完全陌生的人, 完完全全陌生的人
12:31
comes up to you and shows you some kindness,
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朝你走來並對你示好
12:34
maybe invites you into their home, gives you a drink,
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也許邀請你去他們家, 給你喝點東西
12:36
gives you a coffee, gives you a meal?
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給你杯咖啡, 給你餐點？
12:38
How many of you have ever had that experience?
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在你們之中有多少人有這樣的經驗？
12:40
That's the essence
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這就是亞伯拉罕之路
12:42
of the Abraham path.
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的本質
12:44
But that's what you discover, is you go into these villages in the Middle East
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但你發現的是, 你去到那些中東的村莊裡
12:46
where you expect hostility,
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你以為會面對擁有敵意的人們
12:48
and you get the most amazing hospitality,
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而你得到最讓人驚喜的待客之道
12:50
all associated with Abraham.
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全部都和亞伯拉罕有關聯
12:52
"In the name of father Abraham,
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“以聖父亞伯拉罕之名,
12:54
let me offer you some food."
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讓我提供你一些食物“
12:56
So what we discovered
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所以我們發現
12:58
is that Abraham is not just a figure out of a book for those people.
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亞伯拉罕不只是一個藏在書中的人物
13:01
He's alive; he's a living presence.
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他活著, 他是個活生生的存在
13:04
And to make a long story short,
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而讓我簡短的講完這個故事
13:06
in the last couple of years now,
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在過去的這幾年裡
13:08
thousands of people
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數以千計的人們
13:10
have begun to walk parts of the path of Abraham
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開始試著在某些亞伯拉罕的路線上步行
13:12
in the Middle East,
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在中東
13:14
enjoying the hospitality of the people there.
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享受著那些人們的好客
13:17
They've begun to walk
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他們開始在以色列
13:19
in Israel and Palestine,
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巴勒斯坦
13:21
in Jordan, in Turkey, in Syria.
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在約丹, 土耳其, 敘利亞步行
13:23
It's an amazing experience.
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這是個很棒的經驗
13:25
Men, women, young people, old people --
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男人, 女人, 年輕人, 老人--
13:27
more women than men, actually, interestingly.
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有趣的是, 事實上女人比男人多
13:30
For those who can't walk,
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那些無法參加的
13:32
who are unable to get there right now,
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現在無法到現場參加的人們
13:34
people started to organize walks
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他們開始規劃步行
13:36
in cities, in their own communities.
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在城市裡, 在他們自己的社區裡。
13:38
In Cincinnati, for instance, that organized a walk
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舉例來說,在辛辛那提市他們規劃了場步行
13:40
from a church to a mosque to a synagogue
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從教堂走到清真寺再走到猶太教堂
13:42
and all had an Abrahamic meal together.
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然後大家一起享用亞伯拉罕式餐點
13:44
It was Abraham Path Day.
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那是亞伯拉罕之路日
13:46
In Sao Paulo, Brazil, it's become an annual event
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在巴西的聖保羅, 這已變成一年一度的活動
13:48
for thousands of people to run
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讓數以千計的人跑起來
13:50
in a virtual Abraham Path Run,
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在虛擬的亞伯拉罕之路上奔跑著
13:52
uniting the different communities.
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集結了不同的社區。
13:54
The media love it; they really adore it.
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媒體愛死了這件事, 他們非常熱愛這件事
13:57
They lavish attention on it
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他們花了許多精神和時間關心這件事
13:59
because it's visual,
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因為這是看得到的
14:01
and it spreads the idea,
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而且這個能傳播一個想法
14:03
this idea of Abrahamic hospitality
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亞伯拉罕式的好客
14:05
of kindness towards strangers.
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對於陌生人的友好
14:07
And just a couple weeks ago,
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就在幾個禮拜前
14:09
there was an NPR story on it.
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全國公共廣播電台才剛報導過
14:11
Last month,
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上個月,
14:13
there was a piece in the Guardian,
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在衛報上有條新聞
14:15
in the Manchester Guardian, about it --
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在曼徹斯特衛報上
14:18
two whole pages.
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有大概兩版全頁
14:21
And they quoted a villager
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他們訪問個村莊裡的人
14:24
who said, "This walk connects us to the world."
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他說：“這個步行讓我們和全世界連結在一起“
14:27
He said it was like a light that went on in our lives.
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他說這就像我們生活中的一盞明燈
14:30
It brought us hope.
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為我們照亮了希望
14:32
And so that's what it's about.
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而這就是亞伯拉罕之路想表達的
14:34
But it's not just about psychology;
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但不只是心靈層面的
14:37
it's about economics,
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也關於經濟層面
14:39
because as people walk they spend money.
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因為當人們步行時他們也會花錢
14:41
And this woman right here, Um Ahmad,
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在那裡的這個女人, Um Ahmad,
14:44
is a woman who lives on a path in Northern Jordan.
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住在亞伯拉罕之路在北約丹的路上
14:47
She's desperately poor.
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她非常非常的窮
14:49
She's partially blind, her husband can't work,
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她有點失明, 她的丈夫無法工作
14:52
she's got seven kids.
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她有七個小孩要養
14:55
But what she can do is cook,
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但她只會煮飯
14:57
and so she's begun to cook for some groups of walkers
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然後她開始為某些步行的團體煮飯
15:00
who come through the village and have a meal in her home.
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他們來到村莊然後在她家用餐
15:03
They sit on the floor.
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他們坐在地上
15:05
She doesn't even have a tablecloth.
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她家甚至沒有桌布
15:07
She makes the most delicious food
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她煮出最美味的食物
15:09
that's fresh from the herbs in the surrounding countryside.
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用鄉村的新鮮草藥煮出來的食物
15:12
And so more and more walkers have come,
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越來越多的步行者前來她家
15:14
and lately she's begun to earn an income
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最近她開始有了收入
15:16
to support her family.
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來支持她的家庭
15:18
And so she told our team there, she said,
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她告訴我們的團隊, 她說,
15:21
"You have made me visible
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“你們讓我被關注了
15:24
in a village where people were once ashamed
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在這個人們一度覺得看著我
15:26
to look at me."
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會感到羞恥和難為情的村莊裡“
15:28
That's the potential of the Abraham path.
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這就是亞伯拉罕之路的潜力
15:31
There are literally hundreds of those kinds of communities
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基本上而言有數以百計類似這樣的村莊
15:33
across the Middle East, across the path.
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在中東上, 在亞伯拉罕之路上。
15:37
The potential is basically to change the game.
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其潜力就在於改變遊戲規則
15:40
And to change the game, you have to change the frame,
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而去改變遊戲規則, 你必須要改變基本架構
15:42
the way we see things --
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我們看待事物的方式--
15:44
to change the frame
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去改變基本架構
15:46
from hostility to hospitality,
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從擁有敵意到好客
15:49
from terrorism to tourism.
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從恐怖主義到觀光旅遊
15:52
And in that sense, the Abraham path
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而在那觀念裡, 亞伯拉罕之路
15:54
is a game-changer.
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是個改變遊戲規則的方法
15:56
Let me just show you one thing.
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讓我給你看一樣東西
15:58
I have a little acorn here
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我這裡有個橡實
16:00
that I picked up while I was walking on the path
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是我今年初步行亞伯拉罕之路時
16:02
earlier this year.
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撿到的
16:04
Now the acorn is associated with the oak tree, of course --
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想當然爾, 橡實和橡樹有關係
16:06
grows into an oak tree,
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它長在橡樹上
16:08
which is associated with Abraham.
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也和亞伯拉罕有關聯
16:10
The path right now is like an acorn;
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這條路就像個橡實
16:12
it's still in its early phase.
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它還在剛開始的階段
16:14
What would the oak tree look like?
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橡樹會長得如何？
16:16
Well I think back to my childhood,
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當我想到我的童年時
16:18
a good part of which I spent, after being born here in Chicago,
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就在我出生在芝加哥後, 我到歐洲去生活
16:20
I spent in Europe.
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那是段美好的時光
16:22
If you had been
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如果你在1945年時
16:24
in the ruins of, say, London
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有去過倫敦的廢墟,
16:26
in 1945, or Berlin,
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或者是柏林的廢墟遺址
16:29
and you had said,
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然後你說
16:31
"Sixty years from now,
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“60年後
16:33
this is going to be the most peaceful, prosperous part of the planet,"
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這裡將成為世界上最和平,最富有的的地方“
16:35
people would have thought
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人們會覺得
16:37
you were certifiably insane.
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你肯定是瘋了
16:39
But they did it thanks to a common identity -- Europe --
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但他們辦到了也擁有共同的代號 -- 歐洲 --
16:43
and a common economy.
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和一個共同的經濟體
16:45
So my question is, if it can be done in Europe,
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所以我的問題是, 如果歐洲辦得到
16:48
why not in the Middle East?
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那為什麼中東辦不到？
16:50
Why not, thanks to a common identity,
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為何不能用共同的代號--
16:52
which is the story of Abraham,
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就像亞拉伯罕的故事一樣--
16:54
and thanks to a common economy
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且因為興旺的旅遊業
16:56
that would be based in good part on tourism?
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而擁有共同的經濟體呢？
17:00
So let me conclude then
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所以讓我總結一下
17:02
by saying that in the last 35 years,
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在過去的35年裡
17:05
as I've worked
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在我和一些世界上最危險,困難,
17:07
in some of the most dangerous, difficult and intractable
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和棘手的
17:09
conflicts around the planet,
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爭執工作過後
17:11
I have yet to see one conflict
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我看到一個爭執
17:14
that I felt could not be transformed.
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讓我覺得似乎無法改變
17:17
It's not easy, of course,
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當然, 那不是件簡單的事
17:19
but it's possible.
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但是有可能的
17:21
It was done in South Africa.
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南非的紛爭解決了
17:23
It was done in Northern Ireland.
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在北愛爾蘭的紛爭也解決了
17:25
It could be done anywhere.
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每個地方的紛爭都有可能可以解決
17:27
It simply depends on us.
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一切都取決於我們
17:29
It depends on us taking the third side.
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需要我們成為那第三方
17:32
So let me invite you
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讓我邀請你
17:34
to consider taking the third side,
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來想想如何成為第三方
17:36
even as a very small step.
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就算是個很小的步伐
17:38
We're about to take a break in a moment.
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我們快要到休息時間了
17:40
Just go up to someone
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走到某個人面前
17:42
who's from a different culture, a different country,
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來自不同的文化, 不同的國家
17:45
a different ethnicity, some difference,
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不同的種族, 和你有差異的
17:47
and engage them in a conversation; listen to them.
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然後與他們對話, 聆聽他們的想法
17:50
That's a third side act.
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這就是個第三方的表現
17:52
That's walking Abraham's path.
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這就是亞伯拉罕之路的步行精神
17:54
After a TEDTalk,
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在TED演講後,
17:56
why not a TEDWalk?
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何不來個TED步行？
17:58
So let me just leave you
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讓我交給你
18:00
with three things.
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三件事情
18:02
One is, the secret to peace
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第一件, 和平的祕密
18:05
is the third side.
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就是第三方
18:08
The third side is us.
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第三方是我們
18:10
Each of us,
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我們每一個人
18:12
with a single step,
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用小小的一步
18:14
can take the world, can bring the world
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來帶領世界, 來帶動世界
18:17
a step closer to peace.
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接近和平的那一步
18:20
There's an old African proverb that goes:
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有個舊的非洲諺語說：
18:22
"When spider webs unite,
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"當蜘蛛網團結在一起時,
18:24
they can halt even the lion."
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他們可以使一隻獅子停止前進“
18:27
If we're able to unite
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如果我們能團結在一起
18:29
our third-side webs of peace,
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我們第三方的和平網團結在一起,
18:31
we can even halt the lion of war.
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我們可以使戰爭這隻獅子停止下來。
18:34
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝你們
18:36
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
William Ury - MediatorWilliam Ury is a mediator, writer and speaker, working with conflicts ranging from family feuds to boardroom battles to ethnic wars. He's the author of "Getting to Yes."
Why you should listen
William L. Ury co-founded Harvard's Program on Negotiation and is currently a Senior Fellow of the Harvard Negotiation Project. He is the author of The Power of a Positive No: How to Say No & Still Get to Yes, and co-author (with Roger Fisher) of Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In, translated into 30+ languages. He is also author of the award-winning Getting Past No: Negotiating with Difficult People and Getting To Peace (released in paperback under the title The Third Side).
Over the last 30 years, Ury has served as a negotiation adviser and mediator in conflicts ranging from corporate mergers to wildcat strikes in a Kentucky coal mine to ethnic wars in the Middle East, the Balkans, and the former Soviet Union. With former president Jimmy Carter, he co- founded the International Negotiation Network, a non-governmental body seeking to end civil wars around the world. During the 1980s, he helped the US and Soviet governments create nuclear crisis centers designed to avert an accidental nuclear war. In that capacity, he served as a consultant to the Crisis Management Center at the White House. More recently, Ury has served as a third party in helping to end a civil war in Aceh, Indonesia, and helping to prevent one in Venezuela.
Ury has taught negotiation to tens of thousands of corporate executives, labor leaders, diplomats and military officers around the world. He helps organizations try to reach mutually profitable agreements with customers, suppliers, unions, and joint-venture partners.
William Ury | Speaker | TED.com