Amy Smith: Simple designs to save a life
Емі Сміт: Прості рішення, які зберігають життя
Amy Smith designs cheap, practical fixes for tough problems in developing countries. Among her many accomplishments, the MIT engineer received a MacArthur "genius" grant in 2004 and was the first woman to win the Lemelson-MIT Prize for turning her ideas into inventions. Full bio
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of one of my favorite projects.
улюблених проектів.
that I'm working on,
проектів, над якими я працюю,
на світовому рівні.
to make a huge impact around the world.
зі здоров'ям на планеті,
health issues on the planet,
віком до п'яти років.
in children under five.
Діарея? Недоїдання?
Diarrhea? Malnutrition?
на вогні в приміщенні -
from indoor cooking fires --
цим. Чи можете ви в це повірити?
caused by this.
жахаючим.
and somewhat appalling.
для приготування?
cleaner burning cooking fuels?
мільйонів смертей щорічно?
to over two million deaths every year?
about the wonders of carbon nanotubes,
about the wonders of carbon macro-tubes,
all over the island.
з навколишнім середовищем
of environmental problems
по всій державі.
throughout the nation.
затоплення,
there was severe flooding
to stabilize the soil.
що призводить до повеней.
and the flooding happens.
why there are so few trees is this:
деревину,
and they make charcoal in order to do it.
знищенням середовища.
to the environmental damage.
вибору.
but they have no other choice.
до якого вони звикли.
that they like their food prepared.
into the forest to find a tree,
щоб знайти дерево,
to look at alternative cooking fuels.
палива для готування.
a team of students down to Haiti
Peace Corps volunteers there.
він працював.
in the village where he worked.
that you could take waste paper;
що використовуються, як паливо.
that could be used for fuel.
доопрацювати його
went to work on it
the throughput of this device.
they were very excited about it.
so that they could test them.
that they found was they didn't burn.
discouraging to the students.
it says, "US Peace Corps."
непотрібного паперу.
any waste paper in this village.
урядового паперу,
of government paperwork
back with him to his village,
there might be a better way
an alternative cooking fuel.
is we wanted to make a fuel
readily available on the local level.
from the sugarcane
В них нема поживної цінності.
so they don't feed it to the animals.
until eventually they burn it.
доки не будуть спалені.
we wanted to find a way
and turn it into a fuel
that people could easily cook with,
студентами розробляла процес.
to develop a process.
дуже просту випалювальну піч,
and then you take a very simple kiln
a waste fifty five-gallon oil drum.
бочки з-під мастила.
ви герметизуєте її,
that goes into the kiln,
всередині.
with this carbonized material here.
to be useful for cooking.
приготування їжі.
корисних брикетів.
to form it into useful briquettes.
one of my students was from Ghana,
"коконте".
used to make for him called "kokonte,"
made out of the cassava root.
кассава.
is indeed grown in Haiti,
маніокою.
одне й те саме -
it's all the same thing --
sticky porridge out of it,
вугільні брикети.
the charcoal briquettes.
of the first Ecole de Charbon,
an instructor at MIT as well as CIT.
континенти. Це - Індія.
to a different continent.
це - коров'ячий кал.
cooking fuel in India.
this produces really smoky fires,
the health impacts
and biomass as a fuel.
біомасі.
цього,
are especially affected by it,
who are around the cooking fires.
this charcoal-making technology there.
they didn't have sugarcane
місцеві джерела біомаси.
the locally available sources of biomass.
солома.
and there was rice straw in this area.
was actually small amounts of cow manure,
так що ви можете побачити
the charcoal briquettes
burning of a cooking fuel.
при спалюванні палива.
значно швидше.
a lot more quickly.
comparisons with wood charcoal,
при готуванні.
as they were cooking.
to make a stronger briquette
wood charcoal in the markets in Haiti.
на Гаїті.
what sort of forces you needed
a briquette to the level
improved performance out of it?
робили дослідження,
students in the lab looking at this,
розробкою процесу,
working to develop the process,
для використання людьми в селі.
to people in the villages there.
виготовляти вугілля,
that allows you to produce charcoal,
cleaner than wood charcoal.
where we have a product,
you can buy in Haiti in the marketplace,
дерев.
are cut down every year.
of this being implemented
260 мільйонів доларів.
from that charcoal is 260 million dollars.
for a country like Haiti --
of less than 400 dollars.
with our charcoal project.
that I think is also interesting,
who's been doing risk analysis.
займається дослідженням ризиків.
of the health impacts
you could prevent a million deaths
з деревини на вугілля,
to charcoal as a cooking fuel.
А це вражає,
вирубки дерев.
to do it without cutting down trees.
waste material to create a cooking fuel.
за допомогою сільськогосподарських відходів.
that I took to Ghana just last month.
than what you just saw,
на вугілля.
формувати брикети -
that you don't need to form briquettes --
I brought samples.
field-tested, ready to roll out.
та опробувані.
about this technology,
transfer is so easy.
як формувати брикети,
how to form it into briquettes
of cooking the binder,
на сьогодні,
thing in my life right now,
a sad commentary on my life.
добре,
like you guys in the front row --
з ненульовою сумою.
in those non-zero-sum things.
of the incredibly rare situations
з відходів.
from waste products.
that they were going to spend on charcoal
витратити на вугілля,
and sell it in the market
продати на ринку
обирати
that you don't have trade-offs
середовищем та економікою.
or environment and economics.
that I just find extremely exciting
захоплюючим,
to see where it takes us.
яке створюємо,
the future we will create,
that I think is necessary
of the world that we live in.
живемо.
the world that we live in.
spend two to three hours everyday
дві-три години
матеріалом
where advanced building materials
that are made by hand,
60 dollars in a month.
проводять 40 мільярдів годин, добуваючи воду.
40 billion hours a year fetching water.
of the state of California
тільки вода.
doing nothing but fetching water.
for example, if this were India,
машина.
would have a car.
як використовувати інтернет.
would know how the use the Internet.
б фермерами,
долара в день.
on less than a dollar a day.
відповіді.
need to come up with solutions for.
інженерів,
we need to be training our engineers,
our entrepreneurs to be facing.
that we need to find.
are especially important that we address.
потрібно звернутись в першу чергу.
впровадження мікрофінансів та мікрофірм,
and micro-enterprise,
знайти спосіб подолати її,
below the poverty line
кошики, вирощуючи птицю і т.п.
basket making, poultry rearing, etc.
and new products
повинні створити технології для незаможних селян,
technologies for poor farmers
розвитку,
our development strategies,
educational campaigns
about how we can do that effectively.
це ефективно.
in these communities
and the tools that they need
спосіб допомогти.
повинні починати діяти сьогодні.
and we need to start doing it now.
що хтось має питання -
if someone has a question --
ви працюєте.
that you've worked on.
things we're working on
якості води,
water quality testing,
системи,
their own water systems,
потребують ремонту і т.п.
know when they treat them, etc.
water-treatment systems.
очищення води.
сонячної дезінфекції
is looking at solar water disinfection
to be able to do that.
preventing this stuff getting from scale?
or venture capitalists,
що ви маєте?
what you've got and get it to scale?
залучені.
of people moving it forward.
which is very fragmented
моделі для впровадження цього,
that you use in the United States
I do what I can with the students.
go out into the field
використання.
and move it forward.
довгого часу,
with a long time frame,
something done in a year or two years;
five or 10 years ahead.
we can move forward.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amy Smith - inventor, engineerAmy Smith designs cheap, practical fixes for tough problems in developing countries. Among her many accomplishments, the MIT engineer received a MacArthur "genius" grant in 2004 and was the first woman to win the Lemelson-MIT Prize for turning her ideas into inventions.
Why you should listen
Mechanical engineer Amy Smith's approach to problem-solving in developing nations is refreshingly common-sense: Invent cheap, low-tech devices that use local resources, so communities can reproduce her efforts and ultimately help themselves. Smith, working with her students at MIT's D-Lab, has come up with several useful tools, including an incubator that stays warm without electricity, a simple grain mill, and a tool that converts farm waste into cleaner-burning charcoal.
The inventions have earned Smith three prestigious prizes: the B.F. Goodrich Collegiate Inventors Award, the MIT-Lemelson Prize, and a MacArthur "genius" grant. Her course, "Design for Developing Countries," is a pioneer in bringing humanitarian design into the curriculum of major institutions. Going forward, the former Peace Corps volunteer strives to do much more, bringing her inventiveness and boundless energy to bear on some of the world's most persistent problems.
Amy Smith | Speaker | TED.com