ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dame Ellen MacArthur - Circular economy advocate
After setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate.

Why you should listen

It's a tradition among British citizens: If you circumnavigate the globe by sail, you'll earn royal honors. Ellen MacArthur was made a dame in 2005 after the fastest solo sail around the world. But when you sail alone around the world, things come into focus. Dame Ellen, at the top of her sailing career, had become acutely aware of the finite nature of the resources our linear economy relies on.

In 2010, she launched the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, which works with education and business to accelerate the transition to a regenerative circular economy. She also runs the Ellen MacArthur Cancer Trust, using sailing to build confidence for kids following cancer treatment.

More profile about the speaker
Dame Ellen MacArthur | Speaker | TED.com
TED2015

Dame Ellen MacArthur: The surprising thing I learned sailing solo around the world

艾倫麥克阿瑟女爵: 獨自駕船環遊世界的驚人體悟

Filmed:
2,007,003 views

如果你獨自駕船環遊世界,你會學到什麼?單人帆船手艾倫麥克阿瑟帶著所需物資,繞行地球一周,帶回了她對這個世界的新見解。在這個息息相關又資源有限的世界,我們今天做的決定,就會影響明天的所需。她提出了一個大膽地新角度去看世界經濟系統:不是線性,而是會循環、不斷消長的系統。
- Circular economy advocate
After setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When you're a child兒童,
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如果你還小,
00:14
anything and everything is possible可能.
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凡事都有無限可能。
00:18
The challenge挑戰, so often經常,
is hanging on to that as we grow增長 up.
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但是隨著我們的成長,
挑戰也隨之而來。
00:22
And as a four-year-old四十歲,
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我 4 歲時,
00:24
I had the opportunity機會
to sail for the first time.
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第一次有機會航行。
00:27
I will never forget忘記
the excitement激動 as we closed關閉 the coast.
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我忘不了第一次靠岸的興奮。
00:31
I will never forget忘記
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我也忘不了,
00:33
the feeling感覺 of adventure冒險
as I climbed爬上 on board the boat
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第一次登上甲板,
00:36
and stared盯著 into her tiny cabin
for the first time.
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盯著小船艙時的熱血沸騰。
00:40
But the most amazing驚人 feeling感覺
was the feeling感覺 of freedom自由,
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但最強烈的感受是自由,
00:43
the feeling感覺 that I felt
when we hoisted懸掛 her sails.
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尤其揚帆時的感受。
00:47
As a four-year-old四十歲 child兒童,
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身為一個才 4 歲的孩子,
00:49
it was the greatest最大 sense of freedom自由
that I could ever imagine想像.
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我能夠想像到最大的自由之感。
00:53
I made製作 my mind心神 up there and then
that one day, somehow不知何故,
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我當時下定決心,
00:56
I was going to sail around the world世界.
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要駕船環遊世界。
01:00
So I did what I could in my life
to get closer接近 to that dream夢想.
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我努力實現這個夢想。
01:04
Age年齡 10, it was saving保存 my school學校
dinner晚餐 money change更改.
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10 歲時,我開始省學校的午餐錢。
01:07
Every一切 single day for eight years年份,
I had mashed搗碎 potato土豆 and baked烘烤的 beans,
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8 年來,午餐只吃薯泥和焗豆,
01:11
which哪一個 cost成本 4p each, and gravy was free自由.
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每樣只要 4 鎊,還附免費肉汁。
01:13
Every一切 day I would pile up the change更改
on the top最佳 of my money box,
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我每天把省下來的錢
放在存錢罐的頂部,
01:17
and when that pile reached到達 a pound,
I would drop下降 it in
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每集滿一鎊時,就放進存錢罐裡,
01:19
and cross交叉 off one of the 100 squares廣場
I'd drawn on a piece of paper.
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然後劃掉我自己畫的
100 個格子中的ㄧ格。
01:24
Finally最後, I bought a tiny dinghy小艇.
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最後我買了一艘小船。
01:27
I spent花費 hours小時 sitting坐在 on it in the garden花園
dreaming做夢 of my goal目標.
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花幾小時,坐在院子裡的船,
想像我在環遊世界。
01:31
I read every一切 book I could on sailing帆船,
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我讀了我能夠獲得的所有航海書,
01:34
and then eventually終於,
having been told by my school學校
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最後,學校也跟我說,
01:37
I wasn't clever聰明 enough足夠 to be a vet獸醫,
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我太笨了當不上獸醫,
01:39
left school學校 age年齡 17 to begin開始
my apprenticeship學徒 in sailing帆船.
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我 17 歲畢業後,就去拜師學航海。
01:44
So imagine想像 how it felt
just four years年份 later後來
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想像一下 4 年後,
01:48
to be sitting坐在 in a boardroom會議室
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我坐在會議室,
01:50
in front面前 of someone有人 who I knew知道
could make that dream夢想 come true真正.
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面對可以幫我實現夢想的人。
01:54
I felt like my life
depended依賴 on that moment時刻,
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我想,這輩子就取決於那一刻,
01:58
and incredibly令人難以置信, he said yes.
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不可思議的是,他答應了。
02:00
And I could barely僅僅 contain包含 my excitement激動
as I satSAT in that first design設計 meeting會議
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在首次的設計會議上我非常興奮,
02:04
designing設計 a boat
on which哪一個 I was going to sail
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設計我要駕駛的船,
02:07
solo獨奏 nonstop馬不停蹄 around the world世界.
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獨自不間斷繞世界一周。
02:10
From that first meeting會議
to the finish line of the race種族,
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從首次會議到比賽結束,
02:13
it was everything I'd ever imagined想像.
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就像我想的那樣。
02:15
Just like in my dreams, there were
amazing驚人 parts部分 and tough強硬 parts部分.
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但就如我預期,
有困難也有精彩的地方,
02:19
We missed錯過 an iceberg冰山 by 20 feet.
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途中,我曾和冰山擦身而過;
02:21
Nine times, I climbed爬上 to the top最佳
of her 90-foot-腳丫子 mast桅杆.
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9 次爬上 90 尺高的桅;
02:24
We were blown on our side
in the Southern南部的 Ocean海洋.
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在南極海還一度快被吹倒。
02:27
But the sunsets日落, the wildlife野生動物,
and the remoteness遙遠
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但夕陽落日、野生動物、杳無人煙,
02:30
were absolutely絕對 breathtaking驚險.
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這些都讓我驚嘆不已。
02:33
After three months個月 at sea, age年齡 just 24,
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航行了 3 個月,當時我 24 歲,
02:36
I finished in second第二 position位置.
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我獲得第二名。
02:39
I'd loved喜愛 it, so much so
that within six months個月
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我很享受過程,以致 6 個月內,
02:42
I decided決定 to go around the world世界 again,
but this time not in a race種族:
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我決定再次踏上環遊世界的旅程,
但這次不是比賽。
02:47
to try to be the fastest最快的 person ever
to sail solo獨奏 nonstop馬不停蹄 around the world世界.
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我想挑戰獨自不間斷
繞行地球的紀錄。
02:52
Now for this, I needed需要 a different不同 craft手藝:
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為此,我需要一艘新船:
02:55
bigger, wider更寬的, faster更快, more powerful強大.
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更大、更寬、更快、更有力。
02:59
Just to give that boat some scale規模,
I could climb inside her mast桅杆
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只要把船做得大一點,
03:02
all the way to the top最佳.
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它的桅要能讓我向上攀爬到頂部。
03:04
Seventy-five七十五 foot腳丫子 long, 60 foot腳丫子 wide.
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長 75 英尺,寬 60 英尺。
03:08
I affectionately深情 called her Moby白鯨.
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我把它暱稱為「摩比」。
03:10
She was a multihull多體船.
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她是艘「多體船」。
03:12
When we built內置 her, no one had ever
made製作 it solo獨奏 nonstop馬不停蹄
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當我們建造它的時候,
沒有人能夠不停靠
03:15
around the world世界 in one,
though雖然 many許多 had tried試著,
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獨自環航世界,
雖然很多人試過了,
03:18
but whilst同時 we built內置 her, a Frenchman法國人
took a boat 25 percent百分 bigger than her
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但我們在造它的同時
一名法國人以比她大 25% 的船,
03:23
and not only did he make it,
but he took the record記錄 from 93 days
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他不只成功了,還把紀錄
03:26
right down to 72.
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從 93 天減少到 72 天。
03:29
The bar酒吧 was now much, much higher更高.
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門檻越來越高。
03:32
And these boats were exciting扣人心弦 to sail.
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我的船也迫不急待要出航。
03:34
This was a training訓練 sail
off the French法國 coast.
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這是在法國外海的訓練。
03:37
This I know well because I was one
of the five crew船員 members會員 on board.
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我很了解這艘船,
因為我是船上 5 個船員之一。
03:41
Five seconds is all it took
from everything being存在 fine
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5 秒鐘前進展顺利,
03:45
to our world世界 going black黑色
as the windows視窗 were thrust推力 underwater水下,
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之後,一個大浪打過來,
船就翻了,
03:48
and that five seconds goes quickly很快.
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那五秒很快,完全來不及反應。
03:50
Just see how far below下面
those guys the sea is.
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你看,我們在水下有多深。
03:53
Imagine想像 that alone單獨
in the Southern南部的 Ocean海洋
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想像一下,獨自一人在南極海,
03:57
plunged暴跌 into icy冷冰冰 water,
thousands數千 of miles英里 away from land土地.
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陷入冰冷的海水,
離陸地有千里之遙。
04:03
It was Christmas聖誕 Day.
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那天是聖誕節,
04:05
I was forging鍛造 into the Southern南部的 Ocean海洋
underneath Australia澳大利亞.
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我航行到澳洲下方的南極海。
04:08
The conditions條件 were horrendous可怕的.
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天氣情況很惡劣。
04:11
I was approaching接近 a part部分 in the ocean海洋
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我在某片海域航行,
04:13
which哪一個 was 2,000 miles英里 away
from the nearest最近的 town.
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最近的城鎮離我 2000 英里。
04:17
The nearest最近的 land土地 was Antarctica南極洲,
and the nearest最近的 people
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最近的陸地是南極洲,
04:20
would be those manning曼寧
the European歐洲的 Space空間 Station above以上 me.
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距離我最近的人是
歐洲太空站的宇航員。
04:23
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
04:24
You really are in the middle中間 of nowhere無處.
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真的是孤立無援。
04:27
If you need help,
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如果你需要幫助,
04:29
and you're still alive,
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而且還活著的話,
04:30
it takes four days
for a ship to get to you
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一艘船要 4 天才能到達這個位置,
04:33
and then four days for that ship
to get you back to port港口.
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再花 4 天才能送你回到港口。
04:37
No helicopter直升機 can reach達到 you out there,
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直升機到不了這裡,
04:39
and no plane平面 can land土地.
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飛機也無法降落。
04:41
We are forging鍛造 ahead of a huge巨大 storm風暴.
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在巨大的風暴中前行。
04:44
Within it, there was 80 knots of wind,
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這裡的風速有 80 節,
04:47
which哪一個 was far too much wind
for the boat and I to cope應付 with.
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我跟船都無法承受。
04:50
The waves波浪 were already已經 40 to 50 feet high,
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浪已經有 40 到 50 英尺高,
04:53
and the spray噴霧 from the breaking破壞 crests波峰
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濺起來的浪花,
04:55
was blown horizontally水平
like snow in a blizzard暴風雪.
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像暴風雪迎面打來。
04:58
If we didn't sail fast快速 enough足夠,
we'd星期三 be engulfed吞沒 by that storm風暴,
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但如果不開快點,
我們就會被風暴捲走,
05:02
and either capsized翻船 or smashed被砸 to pieces.
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不是翻船就是解體。
05:05
We were quite相當 literally按照字面
hanging on for our lives生活
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我們幾乎是把命
05:08
and doing so on a knife edge邊緣.
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掛在刀口上。
05:11
The speed速度 I so desperately拼命 needed需要
brought with it danger危險.
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但高速航行同時也很危險。
05:15
We all know what it's like driving主動 a car汽車
20 miles英里 an hour小時, 30, 40.
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都知道,就像開車,
時速二三十或四十英里,
05:19
It's not too stressful壓力.
We can concentrate集中.
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不是很緊張,可以很專心,
05:22
We can turn on the radio無線電.
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也可以一邊聽音樂。
05:24
Take that 50, 60, 70, accelerate加速 through通過
to 80, 90, 100 miles英里 an hour小時.
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如果加速到五、六十甚至到一百,
05:28
Now you have white白色 knuckles關節
and you're gripping the steering操舵 wheel.
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你會緊抓方向盤而且指節發白。
05:31
Now take that car汽車 off road at night
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想像一下,晚上以這個車速,
05:34
and remove去掉 the windscreen風檔 wipers雨刷,
the windscreen風檔,
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沒有雨刷和擋風玻璃、
05:36
the headlights頭燈 and the brakes剎車.
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車頭燈和煞車。
05:38
That's what it's like
in the Southern南部的 Ocean海洋.
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這就我在南極海的情況。
05:40
(Laughter笑聲) (Applause掌聲)
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(笑聲)(掌聲)
05:45
You could imagine想像
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你能想像,
05:46
it would be quite相當 difficult
to sleep睡覺 in that situation情況,
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這種情況下怎麼能睡得著,
05:48
even as a passenger乘客.
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就算只是乘客。
05:50
But you're not a passenger乘客.
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況且你不是乘客,
05:52
You're alone單獨 on a boat
you can barely僅僅 stand up in,
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你是孤伶伶的駕駛,
而且站都站不穩,
05:54
and you have to make
every一切 single decision決定 on board.
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還要做出每個決定。
05:57
I was absolutely絕對 exhausted,
physically物理 and mentally精神上.
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我身心俱疲。
06:00
Eight sail changes變化 in 12 hours小時.
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12 個小時內換了 8 張帆。
06:02
The mainsail主帆 weighed稱重
three times my body身體 weight重量,
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主帆是我體重的 3 倍,
06:05
and after each change更改,
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而且每換一次,
06:06
I would collapse坍方 on the floor地板
soaked浸泡 with sweat
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我就會滿身大汗倒在甲板上,
06:09
with this freezing冷凍 Southern南部的 Ocean海洋 air空氣
burning燃燒 the back of my throat.
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南極海的冰冷空氣侵蝕我的喉嚨。
06:13
But out there, those lowest最低 of the lows低點
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但俗話說烏雲背後有陽光、
06:16
are so often經常 contrasted對比
with the highest最高 of the highs高位.
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大難不死必有後福。
06:19
A few少數 days later後來, we came來了 out
of the back of the low.
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幾天後,我們總算苦盡甘來,
06:23
Against反對 all odds可能性, we'd星期三 been able能夠
to drive駕駛 ahead of the record記錄
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出乎意料的,儘管情緒低落,
06:27
within that depression蕭條.
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我們還是刷新了紀錄。
06:29
The sky天空 cleared清除, the rain stopped停止,
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天晴了,雨也停了,
06:32
and our heartbeat心跳, the monstrous滔天
seas海域 around us were transformed改造
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本來急促的心跳和周圍像猛獸的海,
06:36
into the most beautiful美麗 moonlit月光下的 mountains.
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都變成月光撒落的靜謐山巒。
06:40
It's hard to explain說明, but you enter輸入
a different不同 mode模式 when you head out there.
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很難形容,但你知道
進入了不同的境界。
06:44
Your boat is your entire整個 world世界,
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這艘船就是你的世界,
06:46
and what you take with you
when you leave離開 is all you have.
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離開時所帶的東西
就是你的全部家當。
06:49
If I said to you all now,
"Go off into Vancouver溫哥華
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如果我現在說:「去溫哥華,
06:52
and find everything you will need for
your survival生存 for the next下一個 three months個月,"
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購買出海 3 個月會用到的所有物品。」
06:56
that's quite相當 a task任務.
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那也不是個小工程,
06:58
That's food餐飲, fuel汽油, clothes衣服,
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食物、燃油、衣服,
07:00
even toilet廁所 roll and toothpaste牙膏.
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甚至衛生紙、牙膏。
07:02
That's what we do,
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我們全部買好,
07:04
and when we leave離開 we manage管理 it
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出發後開始精打細算。
07:06
down to the last drop下降 of diesel柴油機
and the last packet of food餐飲.
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從每一滴柴油到每一份食物。
07:10
No experience經驗 in my life
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這輩子沒有其他時候,
07:11
could have given特定 me a better understanding理解
of the definition定義 of the word "finite有限."
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能更讓我體會到
「資源有限」的含義。
07:15
What we have out there is all we have.
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我們帶了多少就是多少,
07:17
There is no more.
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不會有更多了。
07:19
And never in my life had I ever
translated翻譯 that definition定義 of finite有限
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我也沒想到我會把這種體悟,
07:22
that I'd felt on board
to anything outside of sailing帆船
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運用到我航海之外的生活,
07:26
until直到 I stepped加強 off the boat at
the finish line having broken破碎 that record記錄.
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直到我踏上岸,破了紀錄的那一刻。
07:30
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
07:36
Suddenly突然 I connected連接的 the dots.
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我恍然大悟,
07:38
Our global全球 economy經濟 is no different不同.
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全球經濟不也是如此嗎?
07:41
It's entirely完全 dependent依賴的
on finite有限 materials物料
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它完全倚仗在人類史上,
07:44
we only have once一旦
in the history歷史 of humanity人性.
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可能只能使用一次的有限資源。
07:46
And it was a bit like seeing眼看 something
you weren't expecting期待 under a stone
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這就像從石頭底下發現了新玩意,
07:50
and having two choices選擇:
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你有兩個選擇:
07:52
I either put that stone to one side
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要不是把石頭搬開,
07:54
and learn學習 more about it,
or I put that stone back
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然後開始研究,
或者把石頭堆回去,
07:58
and I carry攜帶 on with my dream夢想 job工作
of sailing帆船 around the world世界.
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然後繼續我繞行全球的夢想。
08:02
I chose選擇 the first.
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我選了前者。
08:04
I put it to one side and I began開始
a new journey旅程 of learning學習,
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我把石頭搬開,開始了新的學習。
08:07
speaking請講 to chief首席 executives高管,
experts專家, scientists科學家們, economists經濟學家
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去拜訪官員、專家、
科學家、經濟學家,
08:11
to try to understand理解 just how
our global全球 economy經濟 works作品.
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試著了解全球經濟體系。
08:14
And my curiosity好奇心 took me
to some extraordinary非凡 places地方.
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我的好奇心開拓了一個新視野。
08:18
This photo照片 was taken採取 in the burner刻錄機
of a coal-fired燃煤 power功率 station.
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這張照片是一座火力發電廠,
08:23
I was fascinated入迷 by coal煤炭,
fundamental基本的 to our global全球 energy能源 needs需求,
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我對煤很感興趣,
它是能源的基礎,
08:26
but also very close to my family家庭.
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同時跟我很有淵源。
08:29
My great-grandfather曾祖父 was a coal煤炭 miner礦工,
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我的曾祖父是礦工,
08:31
and he spent花費 50 years年份
of his life underground地下.
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他在地底賣力了 50 年。
08:35
This is a photo照片 of him,
and when you see that photo照片,
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這是他的照片,看著這張照片,
08:38
you see someone有人 from another另一個 era時代.
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你能看到時代的痕跡。
08:40
No one wears穿 trousers長褲
with a waistband腰帶 quite相當 that high
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現在已經沒人把鬆緊帶的褲子,
08:43
in this day and age年齡. (Laughter笑聲)
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穿這麼高了。(笑聲)
08:46
But yet然而, that's me
with my great-grandfather曾祖父,
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這是我和我的曾祖父,
08:48
and by the way, they are not
his real真實 ears耳朵. (Laughter笑聲)
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順帶一提,那不是真的耳朵。
(笑聲)
08:53
We were close. I remember記得 sitting坐在 on
his knee膝蓋 listening to his mining礦業 stories故事.
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我們很親近。我會坐在他腿上
聽他的礦工故事。
08:57
He talked of the camaraderie友情 underground地下,
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他會說那些地下的同袍之誼,
08:59
and the fact事實 that the miners礦工 used to save保存
the crusts結殼 of their sandwiches三明治
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他們會把三明治的吐司邊留下,
09:03
to give to the ponies小馬
they worked工作 with underground地下.
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餵給礦坑拉車的小馬。
09:06
It was like it was yesterday昨天.
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就像昨天才發生。
09:08
And on my journey旅程 of learning學習,
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在我的學習過程中,
09:10
I went to the World世界
Coal煤炭 Association協會 website網站,
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我曾上世界煤礦協會的網站,
09:12
and there in the middle中間
of the homepage主頁, it said,
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在首頁的中間寫著:
09:15
"We have about 118 years年份 of coal煤炭 left."
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「煤礦存量可供 118 年使用。」
09:18
And I thought to myself, well,
that's well outside my lifetime一生,
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我還想,至少有生之年用不完,
09:21
and a much greater更大 figure數字
than the predictions預測 for oil.
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而且比石油存量多多了。
09:24
But I did the math數學, and I realized實現
that my great-grandfather曾祖父
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但我一算,發現我曾祖父,
09:27
had been born天生 exactly究竟 118 years年份
before that year,
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正是網站所說的 118 年前出生。
09:31
and I satSAT on his knee膝蓋
until直到 I was 11 years年份 old,
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我坐在他的膝上直到 11 歲,
09:34
and I realized實現 it's nothing
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我發現那其實很短,
09:36
in time, nor也不 in history歷史.
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無論就時間或歷史來說。
09:38
And it made製作 me make a decision決定
I never thought I would make:
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這讓我下了一個意想不到的決定:
09:42
to leave離開 the sport運動
of solo獨奏 sailing帆船 behind背後 me
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不再從事單人航海的運動,
09:44
and focus焦點 on the greatest最大 challenge挑戰
I'd ever come across橫過:
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更專注在我從未遇過的大挑戰:
09:47
the future未來 of our global全球 economy經濟.
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全球經濟的未來。
09:49
And I quickly很快 realized實現 it wasn't
just about energy能源.
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我很快發現不只是能源,
09:52
It was also materials物料.
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原料也岌岌可危。
09:54
In 2008, I picked採摘的 up a scientific科學 study研究
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2008 年,我看了一篇科學研究,
09:56
looking at how many許多 years年份 we have
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想知道我們還有多少年,
09:58
of valuable有價值 materials物料
to extract提取 from the ground地面:
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可以從地下獲取珍貴資源。
10:01
copper, 61; tin, zinc, 40; silver, 29.
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銅 61 年;錫、鋅 40 年;
銀 29 年。
10:05
These figures人物 couldn't不能 be exact精確,
but we knew知道 those materials物料 were finite有限.
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這些數字未必精確,
但至少確定有用完的一天。
10:09
We only have them once一旦.
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我們只能用一次。
10:11
And yet然而, our speed速度 that we've我們已經 used
these materials物料 has increased增加 rapidly急速,
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但我們消耗的速度卻快速增加,
10:15
exponentially成倍.
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呈指數成長。
10:16
With more people in the world世界
with more stuff東東,
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地球上有越多人、越多需求,
10:19
we've我們已經 effectively有效 seen看到
100 years年份 of price價錢 declines下降
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100 年來,
我們親眼目睹使用期限
10:22
in those basic基本 commodities商品
erased擦除 in just 10 years年份.
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只有 10 年的生活必需品不斷降價。
10:25
And this affects影響 all of us.
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這影響我們每個人,
10:27
It's brought huge巨大 volatility揮發性 in prices價格,
205
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2020
也帶來了價格的巨大浮動。
10:29
so much so that in 2011,
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影響之大,在 2011年,
10:32
your average平均 European歐洲的 car汽車 manufacturer生產廠家
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歐洲的汽車製造商都發現,
10:34
saw a raw生的 material材料 price價錢 increase增加
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原物料的價格漲了
10:37
of 500 million百萬 Euros歐元,
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5 億歐元。
10:39
wiping away half their operating操作 profits利潤
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吃掉了他們一半的利潤,
10:41
through通過 something they have
absolutely絕對 no control控制 over.
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而且他們無能為力。
10:45
And the more I learned學到了, the more
I started開始 to change更改 my own擁有 life.
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當了解越多,我的生活也開始發生改變。
10:48
I started開始 traveling旅行 less,
doing less, using運用 less.
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我開始少旅遊、少做、少消耗。
10:50
It felt like actually其實 doing less
was what we had to do.
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我發現我們該做的就是「少做」。
10:54
But it satSAT uneasy不安 with me.
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但這很難做到,
10:56
It didn't feel right.
216
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覺得哪裡怪怪的。
10:57
It felt like we were
buying購買 ourselves我們自己 time.
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好像我們只是在拖延時間,
11:00
We were eking芯吸 things out a bit longer.
218
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只是讓資源可以用久一點。
11:02
Even if everybody每個人 changed,
it wouldn't不會 solve解決 the problem問題.
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就算大家改變習慣,問題還是沒解決。
11:05
It wouldn't不會 fix固定 the system系統.
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整個大環境還是一樣。
11:07
It was vital重要 in the transition過渡,
but what fascinated入迷 me was,
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轉型很重要,但我在想的是,
11:10
in the transition過渡 to what?
What could actually其實 work?
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要轉型成怎樣?怎樣才能解決問題?
11:14
It struck來襲 me that the system系統 itself本身,
the framework骨架 within which哪一個 we live生活,
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我想到這個系統本身,
我們存在的這個架構,
11:19
is fundamentally從根本上 flawed有缺陷,
224
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本質是有缺陷的。
11:21
and I realized實現 ultimately最終
225
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3259
所以我最後明白,
11:24
that our operating操作 system系統,
the way our economy經濟 functions功能,
226
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整個經濟的運作模式,
11:27
the way our economy's經濟的 been built內置,
is a system系統 in itself本身.
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「經濟」被建構成一個「系統」。
11:31
At sea, I had to understand理解
complex複雜 systems系統.
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2902
在海上,我必須了解複雜的系統。
11:34
I had to take multiple inputs輸入,
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有很多輸入,
11:36
I had to process處理 them,
230
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我去處理它們,
11:37
and I had to understand理解 the system系統 to win贏得.
231
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我要更了解系統才能贏,
11:40
I had to make sense of it.
232
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我必須去理解。
11:42
And as I looked看著 at our global全球 economy經濟,
I realized實現 it too is that system系統,
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所以我發現全球經濟也是個系統,
11:46
but it's a system系統 that effectively有效
can't run in the long term術語.
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卻不是個可以長久運作的系統。
11:50
And I realized實現 we've我們已經 been perfecting完善
what's effectively有效 a linear線性 economy經濟
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在過去 150 年,我們已經
11:54
for 150 years年份,
236
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1870
把「線性經濟」發揮到極致:
11:56
where we take a material材料
out of the ground地面,
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2031
從地表下取出資源,
11:58
we make something out of it,
and then ultimately最終
238
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2508
做出點產品,然後最後用完了,
12:00
that product產品 gets得到 thrown拋出 away,
and yes, we do recycle回收 some of it,
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3274
產品就被丟棄。
我們的確實有在回收,
12:04
but more an attempt嘗試 to get out
what we can at the end結束,
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但到最後只想試圖擺脫,
12:07
not by design設計.
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2206
而不是有計畫再利用什麼。
12:09
It's an economy經濟 that fundamentally從根本上
can't run in the long term術語,
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這種設計本來就不為了長久。
12:12
and if we know that we
have finite有限 materials物料,
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如果我們知道資源有限,
12:15
why would we build建立 an economy經濟
that would effectively有效 use things up,
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為什麼要用一個不斷丟棄,
12:18
that would create創建 waste浪費?
245
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1858
然後會造成浪費的系統?
12:20
Life itself本身 has existed存在
for billions數十億 of years年份
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2925
生命已經存在數十億年之久,
12:23
and has continually不斷 adapted適應
to use materials物料 effectively有效.
247
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3622
不斷試著去有效運用資源。
12:27
It's a complex複雜 system系統,
but within it, there is no waste浪費.
248
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聽起來複雜,
但這樣就沒有所謂「垃圾」,
12:30
Everything is metabolized代謝.
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每個產物被代謝掉了。
12:33
It's not a linear線性 economy經濟
at all, but circular.
250
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3539
不是「線性經濟」,而是「循環經濟」。
12:37
And I felt like the child兒童 in the garden花園.
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我就像當年坐在院子裡,
12:40
For the first time on this new journey旅程,
I could see exactly究竟 where we were headed當家.
252
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初次踏上新旅程,
我可以預見我們的發展。
12:45
If we could build建立 an economy經濟 that would
use things rather than use them up,
253
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3784
如果經濟是「用」但不「用完」,
12:49
we could build建立 a future未來 that really
could work in the long term術語.
254
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我們的未來就可以持續下去。
12:52
I was excited興奮.
255
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我好興奮。
12:54
This was something to work towards.
256
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這是值得努力的目標。
12:56
We knew知道 exactly究竟 where we were headed當家.
We just had to work out how to get there,
257
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我們有目標,
只是要想怎麼達成,
13:00
and it was exactly究竟 with this in mind心神
258
768450
1930
也就是這樣的想法,
13:02
that we created創建 the Ellen艾倫 MacArthur麥克阿瑟
Foundation基礎 in September九月 2010.
259
770380
3715
我們在 2010 年 9 月,
創辦了艾倫麥克阿瑟基金會。
13:07
Many許多 schools學校 of thought fed美聯儲 our thinking思維
and pointed to this model模型:
260
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3863
很多學派接受我們的論點,
13:11
industrial產業 symbiosis合作關係, performance性能 economy經濟,
sharing分享 economy經濟, biomimicry仿生學,
261
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4620
並結合工業共棲、效益經濟、
共享經濟、生物擬態,
13:15
and of course課程, cradle-to-cradle搖籃到搖籃 design設計.
262
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2756
當然,還有「搖籃到搖籃」的設計。
13:18
Materials物料 would be defined定義
as either technical技術 or biological生物,
263
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3685
物質被分為技術性或生物性,
13:22
waste浪費 would be designed設計 out entirely完全,
264
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3021
把浪費排除在設計之外,
13:25
and we would have a system系統
that could function功能
265
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2512
我們就可以有一個系統,
13:28
absolutely絕對 in the long term術語.
266
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2182
長久地運轉下去。
13:30
So what could this economy經濟 look like?
267
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所以這種經濟會是怎樣呢?
13:33
Maybe we wouldn't不會 buy購買 light fittings配件,
but we'd星期三 pay工資 for the service服務 of light,
268
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可能我們不買燈具,
但我們買「燈光」的服務,
13:37
and the manufacturers製造商
would recover恢復 the materials物料
269
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廠商就負責管理回收這些材料,
13:39
and change更改 the light fittings配件
when we had more efficient高效 products製品.
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如果有更環保的燈具,
就由他們更換。
13:42
What if packaging打包 was so nontoxic無毒
it could dissolve溶解 in water
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或是無毒、可被水分解的包裝,
13:45
and we could ultimately最終 drink it?
It would never become成為 waste浪費.
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最後可以喝掉,就沒有空瓶垃圾。
13:49
What if engines引擎 were re-manufacturable再製造的,
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或是組裝式的引擎,
13:51
and we could recover恢復
the component零件 materials物料
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我們可以替換裡面的零件,
13:53
and significantly顯著 reduce減少 energy能源 demand需求.
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有效減少能源消耗。
13:55
What if we could recover恢復 components組件
from circuit電路 boards, reutilize再利用 them,
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如果可以替換、再利用電路板零件,
13:59
and then fundamentally從根本上 recover恢復
the materials物料 within them
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然後經過第二階段,
14:01
through通過 a second第二 stage階段?
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改變使用的素材。
14:03
What if we could collect蒐集
food餐飲 waste浪費, human人的 waste浪費?
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或著回收廚餘、排泄物,
14:05
What if we could turn that
into fertilizer肥料, heat, energy能源,
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然後轉換成肥料、熱、能量,
14:08
ultimately最終 reconnecting重新連接 nutrients營養成分 systems系統
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甚至重新建立養分的循環,
14:11
and rebuilding重建 natural自然 capital首都?
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恢復我們的自然資源。
14:14
And cars汽車 -- what we want
is to move移動 around.
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如果車子只是移動的手段,
14:17
We don't need to own擁有
the materials物料 within them.
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我們不需要每個人都有車,
14:20
Could cars汽車 become成為 a service服務
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未來可能以服務的形式,
14:21
and provide提供 us with
mobility流動性 in the future未來?
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購買「移動」這項產品。
14:25
All of this sounds聲音 amazing驚人, but these
aren't just ideas思路, they're real真實 today今天,
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乍聽之下很神奇,
但這都是真實存在。
14:29
and these lie謊言 at the forefront第一線
of the circular economy經濟.
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這就是「循環經濟」的核心。
14:31
What lies before us is to expand擴大 them
and scale規模 them up.
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我們要做的是去擴充、升級。
14:36
So how would you shift轉移
from linear線性 to circular?
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要怎麼從線性變成循環經濟呢?
14:39
Well, the team球隊 and I at the foundation基礎
thought you might威力 want to work
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我們基金會的團隊就想,
14:43
with the top最佳 universities高校 in the world世界,
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1874
要和世界一流的院校合作、
14:45
with leading領導 businesses企業 within the world世界,
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2020
和世界知名的企業合作、
14:47
with the biggest最大 convening召開
platforms平台 in the world世界,
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與世界最大的智庫平台合作、
14:49
and with governments政府.
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1002
還有各國政府。
14:50
We thought you might威力 want
to work with the best最好 analysts分析師
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2620
你可能想和專家共事,問他們:
14:53
and ask them the question,
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1254
你可能想和專家共事,問他們:
14:54
"Can the circular economy經濟 decouple脫鉤
growth發展 from resource資源 constraints限制?
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「循環經濟可以讓經濟成長,
不再受制於有限資源嗎?」
14:57
Is the circular economy經濟 able能夠
to rebuild重建 natural自然 capital首都?
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885514
3622
「循環經濟可以重建自然資本嗎?」
15:01
Could the circular economy經濟
replace更換 current當前 chemical化學 fertilizer肥料 use?"
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889136
3645
「「循環經濟可以取代化肥使用嗎?」
15:04
Yes was the answer回答 to the decoupling去耦,
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2346
答案:是的,
15:07
but also yes, we could replace更換
current當前 fertilizer肥料 use
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而且我們還可以取代現代化肥,
15:10
by a staggering踉蹌 2.7 times.
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化肥使用也可以減少 2.7 倍。
15:14
But what inspired啟發 me most
about the circular economy經濟
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但循環經濟最讓我訝異的,
15:17
was its ability能力 to inspire啟發 young年輕 people.
305
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2989
是對年輕人的啟發。
15:20
When young年輕 people see the economy經濟
through通過 a circular lens鏡片,
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當他們從這樣的角度看經濟,
15:23
they see brand new opportunities機會
on exactly究竟 the same相同 horizon地平線.
307
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4536
他們在相同的議題上看見了新可能。
15:28
They can use their creativity創造力
and knowledge知識
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2605
他們用創意和知識,
15:31
to rebuild重建 the entire整個 system系統,
309
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2387
重建了整個系統。
15:33
and it's there for the taking服用 right now,
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2113
這就是大家該努力的目標,
15:35
and the faster更快 we do this, the better.
311
923593
2456
而且越早行動越好。
15:38
So could we achieve實現 this
in their lifetimes壽命?
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在他們有生之年可能完成嗎?
15:41
Is it actually其實 possible可能?
313
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2136
這真的可行嗎?
15:43
I believe yes.
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我的答案是肯定的。
15:45
When you look at the lifetime一生 of
my great-grandfather曾祖父, anything's什麼的 possible可能.
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933105
3839
在我曾祖父的年代,凡事都有可能。
15:49
When he was born天生, there were only
25 cars汽車 in the world世界;
316
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3736
他出生的時候全世界只有 25 輛車,
15:53
they had only just been invented發明.
317
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2430
車才剛被發明。
15:55
When he was 14, we flew
for the first time in history歷史.
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3931
他 14 歲時,
人類第一次翱翔天際。
15:59
Now there are 100,000 charter憲章 flights航班
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2489
現在每天
16:02
every一切 single day.
320
950160
1946
有 10 萬架航班起降。
16:04
When he was 45, we built內置
the first computer電腦.
321
952106
3994
他 45 歲,人類有了第一台電腦。
16:08
Many許多 said it wouldn't不會 catch抓住 on,
but it did, and just 20 years年份 later後來
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3157
當時很多人都不看好,
但在短短 20 年
16:11
we turned轉身 it into a microchip微芯片
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2021
我們把它變成薄薄的晶片,
16:13
of which哪一個 there will be thousands數千
in this room房間 here today今天.
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4202
相信在場就有上千片的晶片。
16:17
Ten years年份 before he died死亡,
we built內置 the first mobile移動 phone電話.
325
965480
2879
他死前 10 年,
人類有了第一支行動電話,
16:20
It wasn't that mobile移動, to be fair公平,
326
968359
1974
雖然剛開始很笨重,
16:22
but now it really is,
327
970333
1974
但現在太方便了。
16:24
and as my great-grandfather曾祖父
left this Earth地球, the Internet互聯網 arrived到達.
328
972307
3970
在他過世那年,有了網路。
16:28
Now we can do anything,
329
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2113
現在我們無所不能,
16:30
but more importantly重要的,
330
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更重要的是,
16:31
now we have a plan計劃.
331
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我們也有了計畫。
16:33
Thank you.
332
981985
2005
謝謝!
16:36
(Applause掌聲)
333
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(掌聲)
Translated by Ann Faster
Reviewed by Yamei Huang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dame Ellen MacArthur - Circular economy advocate
After setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate.

Why you should listen

It's a tradition among British citizens: If you circumnavigate the globe by sail, you'll earn royal honors. Ellen MacArthur was made a dame in 2005 after the fastest solo sail around the world. But when you sail alone around the world, things come into focus. Dame Ellen, at the top of her sailing career, had become acutely aware of the finite nature of the resources our linear economy relies on.

In 2010, she launched the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, which works with education and business to accelerate the transition to a regenerative circular economy. She also runs the Ellen MacArthur Cancer Trust, using sailing to build confidence for kids following cancer treatment.

More profile about the speaker
Dame Ellen MacArthur | Speaker | TED.com