TED2015
Dame Ellen MacArthur: The surprising thing I learned sailing solo around the world
艾倫麥克阿瑟女爵: 獨自駕船環遊世界的驚人體悟
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
2,007,003 views
如果你獨自駕船環遊世界，你會學到什麼？單人帆船手艾倫麥克阿瑟帶著所需物資，繞行地球一周，帶回了她對這個世界的新見解。在這個息息相關又資源有限的世界，我們今天做的決定，就會影響明天的所需。她提出了一個大膽地新角度去看世界經濟系統：不是線性，而是會循環、不斷消長的系統。
Dame Ellen MacArthur - Circular economy advocate
After setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate. Full bio
After setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When you're a child,
0
597
1881
如果你還小，
00:14
anything and everything is possible.
1
2478
3599
凡事都有無限可能。
00:18
The challenge, so often,
is hanging on to that as we grow up.
is hanging on to that as we grow up.
2
6147
4039
但是隨著我們的成長，
挑戰也隨之而來。
挑戰也隨之而來。
00:22
And as a four-year-old,
3
10596
1585
我 4 歲時，
00:24
I had the opportunity
to sail for the first time.
to sail for the first time.
4
12181
2660
第一次有機會航行。
00:27
I will never forget
the excitement as we closed the coast.
the excitement as we closed the coast.
5
15671
4207
我忘不了第一次靠岸的興奮。
00:31
I will never forget
6
19878
1765
我也忘不了，
00:33
the feeling of adventure
as I climbed on board the boat
as I climbed on board the boat
7
21643
2995
第一次登上甲板，
00:36
and stared into her tiny cabin
for the first time.
for the first time.
8
24638
3642
盯著小船艙時的熱血沸騰。
00:40
But the most amazing feeling
was the feeling of freedom,
was the feeling of freedom,
9
28280
3208
但最強烈的感受是自由，
00:43
the feeling that I felt
when we hoisted her sails.
when we hoisted her sails.
10
31488
3738
尤其揚帆時的感受。
00:47
As a four-year-old child,
11
35226
2374
身為一個才 4 歲的孩子，
00:49
it was the greatest sense of freedom
that I could ever imagine.
that I could ever imagine.
12
37600
3849
我能夠想像到最大的自由之感。
00:53
I made my mind up there and then
that one day, somehow,
that one day, somehow,
13
41449
3343
我當時下定決心，
00:56
I was going to sail around the world.
14
44792
3058
要駕船環遊世界。
01:00
So I did what I could in my life
to get closer to that dream.
to get closer to that dream.
15
48530
3830
我努力實現這個夢想。
01:04
Age 10, it was saving my school
dinner money change.
dinner money change.
16
52360
3066
10 歲時，我開始省學校的午餐錢。
01:07
Every single day for eight years,
I had mashed potato and baked beans,
I had mashed potato and baked beans,
17
55426
3918
8 年來，午餐只吃薯泥和焗豆，
01:11
which cost 4p each, and gravy was free.
18
59344
2653
每樣只要 4 鎊，還附免費肉汁。
01:13
Every day I would pile up the change
on the top of my money box,
on the top of my money box,
19
61997
3017
我每天把省下來的錢
放在存錢罐的頂部，
放在存錢罐的頂部，
01:17
and when that pile reached a pound,
I would drop it in
I would drop it in
20
65014
2590
每集滿一鎊時，就放進存錢罐裡，
01:19
and cross off one of the 100 squares
I'd drawn on a piece of paper.
I'd drawn on a piece of paper.
21
67604
4563
然後劃掉我自己畫的
100 個格子中的ㄧ格。
100 個格子中的ㄧ格。
01:24
Finally, I bought a tiny dinghy.
22
72167
3251
最後我買了一艘小船。
01:27
I spent hours sitting on it in the garden
dreaming of my goal.
dreaming of my goal.
23
75418
3963
花幾小時，坐在院子裡的船，
想像我在環遊世界。
想像我在環遊世界。
01:31
I read every book I could on sailing,
24
79381
3119
我讀了我能夠獲得的所有航海書，
01:34
and then eventually,
having been told by my school
having been told by my school
25
82500
2995
最後，學校也跟我說，
01:37
I wasn't clever enough to be a vet,
26
85495
2276
我太笨了當不上獸醫，
01:39
left school age 17 to begin
my apprenticeship in sailing.
my apprenticeship in sailing.
27
87771
4683
我 17 歲畢業後，就去拜師學航海。
01:44
So imagine how it felt
just four years later
just four years later
28
92739
4091
想像一下 4 年後，
01:48
to be sitting in a boardroom
29
96830
1676
我坐在會議室，
01:50
in front of someone who I knew
could make that dream come true.
could make that dream come true.
30
98506
4009
面對可以幫我實現夢想的人。
01:54
I felt like my life
depended on that moment,
depended on that moment,
31
102895
3108
我想，這輩子就取決於那一刻，
01:58
and incredibly, he said yes.
32
106003
2641
不可思議的是，他答應了。
02:00
And I could barely contain my excitement
as I sat in that first design meeting
as I sat in that first design meeting
33
108644
4110
在首次的設計會議上我非常興奮，
02:04
designing a boat
on which I was going to sail
on which I was going to sail
34
112754
2810
設計我要駕駛的船，
02:07
solo nonstop around the world.
35
115564
2879
獨自不間斷繞世界一周。
02:10
From that first meeting
to the finish line of the race,
to the finish line of the race,
36
118443
2856
從首次會議到比賽結束，
02:13
it was everything I'd ever imagined.
37
121299
2298
就像我想的那樣。
02:15
Just like in my dreams, there were
amazing parts and tough parts.
amazing parts and tough parts.
38
123597
3901
但就如我預期，
有困難也有精彩的地方，
有困難也有精彩的地方，
02:19
We missed an iceberg by 20 feet.
39
127498
2160
途中，我曾和冰山擦身而過；
02:21
Nine times, I climbed to the top
of her 90-foot mast.
of her 90-foot mast.
40
129658
3273
9 次爬上 90 尺高的桅；
02:24
We were blown on our side
in the Southern Ocean.
in the Southern Ocean.
41
132931
2369
在南極海還一度快被吹倒。
02:27
But the sunsets, the wildlife,
and the remoteness
and the remoteness
42
135300
2972
但夕陽落日、野生動物、杳無人煙，
02:30
were absolutely breathtaking.
43
138272
3325
這些都讓我驚嘆不已。
02:33
After three months at sea, age just 24,
44
141857
2647
航行了 3 個月，當時我 24 歲，
02:36
I finished in second position.
45
144504
2295
我獲得第二名。
02:39
I'd loved it, so much so
that within six months
that within six months
46
147359
3391
我很享受過程，以致 6 個月內，
02:42
I decided to go around the world again,
but this time not in a race:
but this time not in a race:
47
150750
4576
我決定再次踏上環遊世界的旅程，
但這次不是比賽。
但這次不是比賽。
02:47
to try to be the fastest person ever
to sail solo nonstop around the world.
to sail solo nonstop around the world.
48
155326
4888
我想挑戰獨自不間斷
繞行地球的紀錄。
繞行地球的紀錄。
02:52
Now for this, I needed a different craft:
49
160789
2861
為此，我需要一艘新船：
02:55
bigger, wider, faster, more powerful.
50
163650
3594
更大、更寬、更快、更有力。
02:59
Just to give that boat some scale,
I could climb inside her mast
I could climb inside her mast
51
167244
3715
只要把船做得大一點，
03:02
all the way to the top.
52
170959
1904
它的桅要能讓我向上攀爬到頂部。
03:04
Seventy-five foot long, 60 foot wide.
53
172863
3110
長 75 英尺，寬 60 英尺。
03:08
I affectionately called her Moby.
54
176253
2119
我把它暱稱為「摩比」。
03:10
She was a multihull.
55
178552
1579
她是艘「多體船」。
03:12
When we built her, no one had ever
made it solo nonstop
made it solo nonstop
56
180311
3581
當我們建造它的時候，
沒有人能夠不停靠
沒有人能夠不停靠
03:15
around the world in one,
though many had tried,
though many had tried,
57
183892
2299
獨自環航世界，
雖然很多人試過了，
雖然很多人試過了，
03:18
but whilst we built her, a Frenchman
took a boat 25 percent bigger than her
took a boat 25 percent bigger than her
58
186191
4872
但我們在造它的同時
一名法國人以比她大 25% 的船，
一名法國人以比她大 25% 的船，
03:23
and not only did he make it,
but he took the record from 93 days
but he took the record from 93 days
59
191063
3789
他不只成功了，還把紀錄
03:26
right down to 72.
60
194852
2496
從 93 天減少到 72 天。
03:29
The bar was now much, much higher.
61
197568
2587
門檻越來越高。
03:32
And these boats were exciting to sail.
62
200155
1950
我的船也迫不急待要出航。
03:34
This was a training sail
off the French coast.
off the French coast.
63
202105
3367
這是在法國外海的訓練。
03:37
This I know well because I was one
of the five crew members on board.
of the five crew members on board.
64
205472
3715
我很了解這艘船，
因為我是船上 5 個船員之一。
因為我是船上 5 個船員之一。
03:41
Five seconds is all it took
from everything being fine
from everything being fine
65
209187
4351
5 秒鐘前進展顺利，
03:45
to our world going black
as the windows were thrust underwater,
as the windows were thrust underwater,
66
213538
3079
之後，一個大浪打過來，
船就翻了，
船就翻了，
03:48
and that five seconds goes quickly.
67
216617
2159
那五秒很快，完全來不及反應。
03:50
Just see how far below
those guys the sea is.
those guys the sea is.
68
218776
2903
你看，我們在水下有多深。
03:53
Imagine that alone
in the Southern Ocean
in the Southern Ocean
69
221679
4113
想像一下，獨自一人在南極海，
03:57
plunged into icy water,
thousands of miles away from land.
thousands of miles away from land.
70
225792
4158
陷入冰冷的海水，
離陸地有千里之遙。
離陸地有千里之遙。
04:03
It was Christmas Day.
71
231270
2290
那天是聖誕節，
04:05
I was forging into the Southern Ocean
underneath Australia.
underneath Australia.
72
233560
3373
我航行到澳洲下方的南極海。
04:08
The conditions were horrendous.
73
236933
2617
天氣情況很惡劣。
04:11
I was approaching a part in the ocean
74
239550
1981
我在某片海域航行，
04:13
which was 2,000 miles away
from the nearest town.
from the nearest town.
75
241531
3901
最近的城鎮離我 2000 英里。
04:17
The nearest land was Antarctica,
and the nearest people
and the nearest people
76
245432
2879
最近的陸地是南極洲，
04:20
would be those manning
the European Space Station above me.
the European Space Station above me.
77
248311
2869
距離我最近的人是
歐洲太空站的宇航員。
歐洲太空站的宇航員。
04:23
(Laughter)
78
251180
1380
(笑聲)
04:24
You really are in the middle of nowhere.
79
252560
2809
真的是孤立無援。
04:27
If you need help,
80
255369
1811
如果你需要幫助，
04:29
and you're still alive,
81
257180
1556
而且還活著的話，
04:30
it takes four days
for a ship to get to you
for a ship to get to you
82
258736
2995
一艘船要 4 天才能到達這個位置，
04:33
and then four days for that ship
to get you back to port.
to get you back to port.
83
261731
3414
再花 4 天才能送你回到港口。
04:37
No helicopter can reach you out there,
84
265145
2321
直升機到不了這裡，
04:39
and no plane can land.
85
267466
1844
飛機也無法降落。
04:41
We are forging ahead of a huge storm.
86
269310
3274
在巨大的風暴中前行。
04:44
Within it, there was 80 knots of wind,
87
272944
2426
這裡的風速有 80 節，
04:47
which was far too much wind
for the boat and I to cope with.
for the boat and I to cope with.
88
275370
2926
我跟船都無法承受。
04:50
The waves were already 40 to 50 feet high,
89
278296
3041
浪已經有 40 到 50 英尺高，
04:53
and the spray from the breaking crests
90
281337
2090
濺起來的浪花，
04:55
was blown horizontally
like snow in a blizzard.
like snow in a blizzard.
91
283427
3065
像暴風雪迎面打來。
04:58
If we didn't sail fast enough,
we'd be engulfed by that storm,
we'd be engulfed by that storm,
92
286492
3878
但如果不開快點，
我們就會被風暴捲走，
我們就會被風暴捲走，
05:02
and either capsized or smashed to pieces.
93
290370
3157
不是翻船就是解體。
05:05
We were quite literally
hanging on for our lives
hanging on for our lives
94
293527
2787
我們幾乎是把命
05:08
and doing so on a knife edge.
95
296314
3204
掛在刀口上。
05:11
The speed I so desperately needed
brought with it danger.
brought with it danger.
96
299518
3833
但高速航行同時也很危險。
05:15
We all know what it's like driving a car
20 miles an hour, 30, 40.
20 miles an hour, 30, 40.
97
303351
4224
都知道，就像開車，
時速二三十或四十英里，
時速二三十或四十英里，
05:19
It's not too stressful.
We can concentrate.
We can concentrate.
98
307575
2879
不是很緊張，可以很專心，
05:22
We can turn on the radio.
99
310454
1788
也可以一邊聽音樂。
05:24
Take that 50, 60, 70, accelerate through
to 80, 90, 100 miles an hour.
to 80, 90, 100 miles an hour.
100
312242
4458
如果加速到五、六十甚至到一百，
05:28
Now you have white knuckles
and you're gripping the steering wheel.
and you're gripping the steering wheel.
101
316700
3274
你會緊抓方向盤而且指節發白。
05:31
Now take that car off road at night
102
319974
2563
想像一下，晚上以這個車速，
05:34
and remove the windscreen wipers,
the windscreen,
the windscreen,
103
322537
2336
沒有雨刷和擋風玻璃、
05:36
the headlights and the brakes.
104
324873
1625
車頭燈和煞車。
05:38
That's what it's like
in the Southern Ocean.
in the Southern Ocean.
105
326498
2206
這就我在南極海的情況。
05:40
(Laughter) (Applause)
106
328704
3488
(笑聲)(掌聲)
05:45
You could imagine
107
333172
869
你能想像，
05:46
it would be quite difficult
to sleep in that situation,
to sleep in that situation,
108
334041
2790
這種情況下怎麼能睡得著，
05:48
even as a passenger.
109
336831
1680
就算只是乘客。
05:50
But you're not a passenger.
110
338781
1525
況且你不是乘客，
05:52
You're alone on a boat
you can barely stand up in,
you can barely stand up in,
111
340306
2399
你是孤伶伶的駕駛，
而且站都站不穩，
而且站都站不穩，
05:54
and you have to make
every single decision on board.
every single decision on board.
112
342705
2508
還要做出每個決定。
05:57
I was absolutely exhausted,
physically and mentally.
physically and mentally.
113
345213
3274
我身心俱疲。
06:00
Eight sail changes in 12 hours.
114
348487
2113
12 個小時內換了 8 張帆。
06:02
The mainsail weighed
three times my body weight,
three times my body weight,
115
350600
2530
主帆是我體重的 3 倍，
06:05
and after each change,
116
353130
1697
而且每換一次，
06:06
I would collapse on the floor
soaked with sweat
soaked with sweat
117
354827
2297
我就會滿身大汗倒在甲板上，
06:09
with this freezing Southern Ocean air
burning the back of my throat.
burning the back of my throat.
118
357124
4597
南極海的冰冷空氣侵蝕我的喉嚨。
06:13
But out there, those lowest of the lows
119
361721
2555
但俗話說烏雲背後有陽光、
06:16
are so often contrasted
with the highest of the highs.
with the highest of the highs.
120
364276
3320
大難不死必有後福。
06:19
A few days later, we came out
of the back of the low.
of the back of the low.
121
367596
4063
幾天後，我們總算苦盡甘來，
06:23
Against all odds, we'd been able
to drive ahead of the record
to drive ahead of the record
122
371659
3738
出乎意料的，儘管情緒低落，
06:27
within that depression.
123
375397
2067
我們還是刷新了紀錄。
06:29
The sky cleared, the rain stopped,
124
377464
2786
天晴了，雨也停了，
06:32
and our heartbeat, the monstrous
seas around us were transformed
seas around us were transformed
125
380250
4319
本來急促的心跳和周圍像猛獸的海，
06:36
into the most beautiful moonlit mountains.
126
384569
3599
都變成月光撒落的靜謐山巒。
06:40
It's hard to explain, but you enter
a different mode when you head out there.
a different mode when you head out there.
127
388168
4597
很難形容，但你知道
進入了不同的境界。
進入了不同的境界。
06:44
Your boat is your entire world,
128
392765
1985
這艘船就是你的世界，
06:46
and what you take with you
when you leave is all you have.
when you leave is all you have.
129
394750
2845
離開時所帶的東西
就是你的全部家當。
就是你的全部家當。
06:49
If I said to you all now,
"Go off into Vancouver
"Go off into Vancouver
130
397595
3017
如果我現在說：「去溫哥華，
06:52
and find everything you will need for
your survival for the next three months,"
your survival for the next three months,"
131
400612
3736
購買出海 3 個月會用到的所有物品。」
06:56
that's quite a task.
132
404348
1768
那也不是個小工程，
06:58
That's food, fuel, clothes,
133
406116
2438
食物、燃油、衣服，
07:00
even toilet roll and toothpaste.
134
408554
2415
甚至衛生紙、牙膏。
07:02
That's what we do,
135
410969
1463
我們全部買好，
07:04
and when we leave we manage it
136
412432
1904
出發後開始精打細算。
07:06
down to the last drop of diesel
and the last packet of food.
and the last packet of food.
137
414336
3664
從每一滴柴油到每一份食物。
07:10
No experience in my life
138
418000
1833
這輩子沒有其他時候，
07:11
could have given me a better understanding
of the definition of the word "finite."
of the definition of the word "finite."
139
419833
3907
能更讓我體會到
「資源有限」的含義。
「資源有限」的含義。
07:15
What we have out there is all we have.
140
423740
2112
我們帶了多少就是多少，
07:17
There is no more.
141
425852
1719
不會有更多了。
07:19
And never in my life had I ever
translated that definition of finite
translated that definition of finite
142
427571
3320
我也沒想到我會把這種體悟，
07:22
that I'd felt on board
to anything outside of sailing
to anything outside of sailing
143
430891
3320
運用到我航海之外的生活，
07:26
until I stepped off the boat at
the finish line having broken that record.
the finish line having broken that record.
144
434211
4598
直到我踏上岸，破了紀錄的那一刻。
07:30
(Applause)
145
438809
3146
(掌聲)
07:36
Suddenly I connected the dots.
146
444265
2670
我恍然大悟，
07:38
Our global economy is no different.
147
446935
2229
全球經濟不也是如此嗎？
07:41
It's entirely dependent
on finite materials
on finite materials
148
449774
2502
它完全倚仗在人類史上，
07:44
we only have once
in the history of humanity.
in the history of humanity.
149
452276
2588
可能只能使用一次的有限資源。
07:46
And it was a bit like seeing something
you weren't expecting under a stone
you weren't expecting under a stone
150
454864
3774
這就像從石頭底下發現了新玩意，
07:50
and having two choices:
151
458638
1509
你有兩個選擇：
07:52
I either put that stone to one side
152
460147
2554
要不是把石頭搬開，
07:54
and learn more about it,
or I put that stone back
or I put that stone back
153
462701
3413
然後開始研究，
或者把石頭堆回去，
或者把石頭堆回去，
07:58
and I carry on with my dream job
of sailing around the world.
of sailing around the world.
154
466114
3762
然後繼續我繞行全球的夢想。
08:02
I chose the first.
155
470526
1602
我選了前者。
08:04
I put it to one side and I began
a new journey of learning,
a new journey of learning,
156
472128
3483
我把石頭搬開，開始了新的學習。
08:07
speaking to chief executives,
experts, scientists, economists
experts, scientists, economists
157
475611
3506
去拜訪官員、專家、
科學家、經濟學家，
科學家、經濟學家，
08:11
to try to understand just how
our global economy works.
our global economy works.
158
479117
3622
試著了解全球經濟體系。
08:14
And my curiosity took me
to some extraordinary places.
to some extraordinary places.
159
482739
3692
我的好奇心開拓了一個新視野。
08:18
This photo was taken in the burner
of a coal-fired power station.
of a coal-fired power station.
160
486431
3552
這張照片是一座火力發電廠，
08:23
I was fascinated by coal,
fundamental to our global energy needs,
fundamental to our global energy needs,
161
491183
3134
我對煤很感興趣，
它是能源的基礎，
它是能源的基礎，
08:26
but also very close to my family.
162
494317
2957
同時跟我很有淵源。
08:29
My great-grandfather was a coal miner,
163
497274
2006
我的曾祖父是礦工，
08:31
and he spent 50 years
of his life underground.
of his life underground.
164
499280
3320
他在地底賣力了 50 年。
08:35
This is a photo of him,
and when you see that photo,
and when you see that photo,
165
503520
2795
這是他的照片，看著這張照片，
08:38
you see someone from another era.
166
506315
2165
你能看到時代的痕跡。
08:40
No one wears trousers
with a waistband quite that high
with a waistband quite that high
167
508800
3018
現在已經沒人把鬆緊帶的褲子，
08:43
in this day and age. (Laughter)
168
511818
2485
穿這麼高了。(笑聲)
08:46
But yet, that's me
with my great-grandfather,
with my great-grandfather,
169
514303
2670
這是我和我的曾祖父，
08:48
and by the way, they are not
his real ears. (Laughter)
his real ears. (Laughter)
170
516973
4133
順帶一提，那不是真的耳朵。
(笑聲)
(笑聲)
08:53
We were close. I remember sitting on
his knee listening to his mining stories.
his knee listening to his mining stories.
171
521106
4458
我們很親近。我會坐在他腿上
聽他的礦工故事。
聽他的礦工故事。
08:57
He talked of the camaraderie underground,
172
525564
2252
他會說那些地下的同袍之誼，
08:59
and the fact that the miners used to save
the crusts of their sandwiches
the crusts of their sandwiches
173
527816
3437
他們會把三明治的吐司邊留下，
09:03
to give to the ponies
they worked with underground.
they worked with underground.
174
531253
3088
餵給礦坑拉車的小馬。
09:06
It was like it was yesterday.
175
534341
2391
就像昨天才發生。
09:08
And on my journey of learning,
176
536732
1788
在我的學習過程中，
09:10
I went to the World
Coal Association website,
Coal Association website,
177
538520
2322
我曾上世界煤礦協會的網站，
09:12
and there in the middle
of the homepage, it said,
of the homepage, it said,
178
540842
2322
在首頁的中間寫著：
09:15
"We have about 118 years of coal left."
179
543164
3158
「煤礦存量可供 118 年使用。」
09:18
And I thought to myself, well,
that's well outside my lifetime,
that's well outside my lifetime,
180
546322
3134
我還想，至少有生之年用不完，
09:21
and a much greater figure
than the predictions for oil.
than the predictions for oil.
181
549456
2879
而且比石油存量多多了。
09:24
But I did the math, and I realized
that my great-grandfather
that my great-grandfather
182
552335
3065
但我一算，發現我曾祖父，
09:27
had been born exactly 118 years
before that year,
before that year,
183
555400
4574
正是網站所說的 118 年前出生。
09:31
and I sat on his knee
until I was 11 years old,
until I was 11 years old,
184
559974
2763
我坐在他的膝上直到 11 歲，
09:34
and I realized it's nothing
185
562737
1904
我發現那其實很短，
09:36
in time, nor in history.
186
564641
2322
無論就時間或歷史來說。
09:38
And it made me make a decision
I never thought I would make:
I never thought I would make:
187
566963
3158
這讓我下了一個意想不到的決定：
09:42
to leave the sport
of solo sailing behind me
of solo sailing behind me
188
570121
2345
不再從事單人航海的運動，
09:44
and focus on the greatest challenge
I'd ever come across:
I'd ever come across:
189
572466
3065
更專注在我從未遇過的大挑戰：
09:47
the future of our global economy.
190
575531
2330
全球經濟的未來。
09:49
And I quickly realized it wasn't
just about energy.
just about energy.
191
577861
2709
我很快發現不只是能源，
09:52
It was also materials.
192
580570
2043
原料也岌岌可危。
09:54
In 2008, I picked up a scientific study
193
582613
2159
2008 年，我看了一篇科學研究，
09:56
looking at how many years we have
194
584772
2044
想知道我們還有多少年，
09:58
of valuable materials
to extract from the ground:
to extract from the ground:
195
586816
2716
可以從地下獲取珍貴資源。
10:01
copper, 61; tin, zinc, 40; silver, 29.
196
589532
4389
銅 61 年；錫、鋅 40 年；
銀 29 年。
銀 29 年。
10:05
These figures couldn't be exact,
but we knew those materials were finite.
but we knew those materials were finite.
197
593921
4016
這些數字未必精確，
但至少確定有用完的一天。
但至少確定有用完的一天。
10:09
We only have them once.
198
597937
1737
我們只能用一次。
10:11
And yet, our speed that we've used
these materials has increased rapidly,
these materials has increased rapidly,
199
599674
3534
但我們消耗的速度卻快速增加，
10:15
exponentially.
200
603208
1742
呈指數成長。
10:16
With more people in the world
with more stuff,
with more stuff,
201
604950
2856
地球上有越多人、越多需求，
10:19
we've effectively seen
100 years of price declines
100 years of price declines
202
607806
2774
100 年來，
我們親眼目睹使用期限
我們親眼目睹使用期限
10:22
in those basic commodities
erased in just 10 years.
erased in just 10 years.
203
610580
2845
只有 10 年的生活必需品不斷降價。
10:25
And this affects all of us.
204
613425
1787
這影響我們每個人，
10:27
It's brought huge volatility in prices,
205
615212
2020
也帶來了價格的巨大浮動。
10:29
so much so that in 2011,
206
617232
2849
影響之大，在 2011年，
10:32
your average European car manufacturer
207
620081
2538
歐洲的汽車製造商都發現，
10:34
saw a raw material price increase
208
622619
2554
原物料的價格漲了
10:37
of 500 million Euros,
209
625173
2206
5 億歐元。
10:39
wiping away half their operating profits
210
627379
2322
吃掉了他們一半的利潤，
10:41
through something they have
absolutely no control over.
absolutely no control over.
211
629701
3559
而且他們無能為力。
10:45
And the more I learned, the more
I started to change my own life.
I started to change my own life.
212
633260
3130
當了解越多，我的生活也開始發生改變。
10:48
I started traveling less,
doing less, using less.
doing less, using less.
213
636560
2289
我開始少旅遊、少做、少消耗。
10:50
It felt like actually doing less
was what we had to do.
was what we had to do.
214
638849
3541
我發現我們該做的就是「少做」。
10:54
But it sat uneasy with me.
215
642390
2350
但這很難做到，
10:56
It didn't feel right.
216
644740
1122
覺得哪裡怪怪的。
10:57
It felt like we were
buying ourselves time.
buying ourselves time.
217
645862
2496
好像我們只是在拖延時間，
11:00
We were eking things out a bit longer.
218
648358
1892
只是讓資源可以用久一點。
11:02
Even if everybody changed,
it wouldn't solve the problem.
it wouldn't solve the problem.
219
650250
3227
就算大家改變習慣，問題還是沒解決。
11:05
It wouldn't fix the system.
220
653477
2044
整個大環境還是一樣。
11:07
It was vital in the transition,
but what fascinated me was,
but what fascinated me was,
221
655521
3041
轉型很重要，但我在想的是，
11:10
in the transition to what?
What could actually work?
What could actually work?
222
658562
4389
要轉型成怎樣？怎樣才能解決問題？
11:14
It struck me that the system itself,
the framework within which we live,
the framework within which we live,
223
662951
4295
我想到這個系統本身，
我們存在的這個架構，
我們存在的這個架構，
11:19
is fundamentally flawed,
224
667246
2299
本質是有缺陷的。
11:21
and I realized ultimately
225
669545
3259
所以我最後明白，
11:24
that our operating system,
the way our economy functions,
the way our economy functions,
226
672804
3033
整個經濟的運作模式，
11:27
the way our economy's been built,
is a system in itself.
is a system in itself.
227
675837
3483
「經濟」被建構成一個「系統」。
11:31
At sea, I had to understand
complex systems.
complex systems.
228
679320
2902
在海上，我必須了解複雜的系統。
11:34
I had to take multiple inputs,
229
682222
1878
有很多輸入，
11:36
I had to process them,
230
684100
1512
我去處理它們，
11:37
and I had to understand the system to win.
231
685612
2888
我要更了解系統才能贏，
11:40
I had to make sense of it.
232
688500
1733
我必須去理解。
11:42
And as I looked at our global economy,
I realized it too is that system,
I realized it too is that system,
233
690233
4063
所以我發現全球經濟也是個系統，
11:46
but it's a system that effectively
can't run in the long term.
can't run in the long term.
234
694296
4412
卻不是個可以長久運作的系統。
11:50
And I realized we've been perfecting
what's effectively a linear economy
what's effectively a linear economy
235
698708
3761
在過去 150 年，我們已經
11:54
for 150 years,
236
702469
1870
把「線性經濟」發揮到極致：
11:56
where we take a material
out of the ground,
out of the ground,
237
704339
2031
從地表下取出資源，
11:58
we make something out of it,
and then ultimately
and then ultimately
238
706370
2508
做出點產品，然後最後用完了，
12:00
that product gets thrown away,
and yes, we do recycle some of it,
and yes, we do recycle some of it,
239
708878
3274
產品就被丟棄。
我們的確實有在回收，
我們的確實有在回收，
12:04
but more an attempt to get out
what we can at the end,
what we can at the end,
240
712152
2995
但到最後只想試圖擺脫，
12:07
not by design.
241
715147
2206
而不是有計畫再利用什麼。
12:09
It's an economy that fundamentally
can't run in the long term,
can't run in the long term,
242
717353
3204
這種設計本來就不為了長久。
12:12
and if we know that we
have finite materials,
have finite materials,
243
720557
3033
如果我們知道資源有限，
12:15
why would we build an economy
that would effectively use things up,
that would effectively use things up,
244
723590
3329
為什麼要用一個不斷丟棄，
12:18
that would create waste?
245
726919
1858
然後會造成浪費的系統？
12:20
Life itself has existed
for billions of years
for billions of years
246
728777
2925
生命已經存在數十億年之久，
12:23
and has continually adapted
to use materials effectively.
to use materials effectively.
247
731702
3622
不斷試著去有效運用資源。
12:27
It's a complex system,
but within it, there is no waste.
but within it, there is no waste.
248
735324
3321
聽起來複雜，
但這樣就沒有所謂「垃圾」，
但這樣就沒有所謂「垃圾」，
12:30
Everything is metabolized.
249
738645
2229
每個產物被代謝掉了。
12:33
It's not a linear economy
at all, but circular.
at all, but circular.
250
741244
3539
不是「線性經濟」，而是「循環經濟」。
12:37
And I felt like the child in the garden.
251
745934
2997
我就像當年坐在院子裡，
12:40
For the first time on this new journey,
I could see exactly where we were headed.
I could see exactly where we were headed.
252
748931
4667
初次踏上新旅程，
我可以預見我們的發展。
我可以預見我們的發展。
12:45
If we could build an economy that would
use things rather than use them up,
use things rather than use them up,
253
753598
3784
如果經濟是「用」但不「用完」，
12:49
we could build a future that really
could work in the long term.
could work in the long term.
254
757382
3228
我們的未來就可以持續下去。
12:52
I was excited.
255
760610
1904
我好興奮。
12:54
This was something to work towards.
256
762514
2159
這是值得努力的目標。
12:56
We knew exactly where we were headed.
We just had to work out how to get there,
We just had to work out how to get there,
257
764673
3777
我們有目標，
只是要想怎麼達成，
只是要想怎麼達成，
13:00
and it was exactly with this in mind
258
768450
1930
也就是這樣的想法，
13:02
that we created the Ellen MacArthur
Foundation in September 2010.
Foundation in September 2010.
259
770380
3715
我們在 2010 年 9 月，
創辦了艾倫麥克阿瑟基金會。
創辦了艾倫麥克阿瑟基金會。
13:07
Many schools of thought fed our thinking
and pointed to this model:
and pointed to this model:
260
775485
3863
很多學派接受我們的論點，
13:11
industrial symbiosis, performance economy,
sharing economy, biomimicry,
sharing economy, biomimicry,
261
779348
4620
並結合工業共棲、效益經濟、
共享經濟、生物擬態，
共享經濟、生物擬態，
13:15
and of course, cradle-to-cradle design.
262
783968
2756
當然，還有「搖籃到搖籃」的設計。
13:18
Materials would be defined
as either technical or biological,
as either technical or biological,
263
786894
3685
物質被分為技術性或生物性，
13:22
waste would be designed out entirely,
264
790579
3021
把浪費排除在設計之外，
13:25
and we would have a system
that could function
that could function
265
793600
2512
我們就可以有一個系統，
13:28
absolutely in the long term.
266
796112
2182
長久地運轉下去。
13:30
So what could this economy look like?
267
798294
2067
所以這種經濟會是怎樣呢？
13:33
Maybe we wouldn't buy light fittings,
but we'd pay for the service of light,
but we'd pay for the service of light,
268
801151
3938
可能我們不買燈具，
但我們買「燈光」的服務，
但我們買「燈光」的服務，
13:37
and the manufacturers
would recover the materials
would recover the materials
269
805089
2443
廠商就負責管理回收這些材料，
13:39
and change the light fittings
when we had more efficient products.
when we had more efficient products.
270
807532
3161
如果有更環保的燈具，
就由他們更換。
就由他們更換。
13:42
What if packaging was so nontoxic
it could dissolve in water
it could dissolve in water
271
810693
3297
或是無毒、可被水分解的包裝，
13:45
and we could ultimately drink it?
It would never become waste.
It would never become waste.
272
813990
3112
最後可以喝掉，就沒有空瓶垃圾。
13:49
What if engines were re-manufacturable,
273
817102
2113
或是組裝式的引擎，
13:51
and we could recover
the component materials
the component materials
274
819215
2275
我們可以替換裡面的零件，
13:53
and significantly reduce energy demand.
275
821490
2230
有效減少能源消耗。
13:55
What if we could recover components
from circuit boards, reutilize them,
from circuit boards, reutilize them,
276
823720
3440
如果可以替換、再利用電路板零件，
13:59
and then fundamentally recover
the materials within them
the materials within them
277
827160
2663
然後經過第二階段，
14:01
through a second stage?
278
829823
1402
改變使用的素材。
14:03
What if we could collect
food waste, human waste?
food waste, human waste?
279
831225
2292
或著回收廚餘、排泄物，
14:05
What if we could turn that
into fertilizer, heat, energy,
into fertilizer, heat, energy,
280
833517
3181
然後轉換成肥料、熱、能量，
14:08
ultimately reconnecting nutrients systems
281
836698
2996
甚至重新建立養分的循環，
14:11
and rebuilding natural capital?
282
839694
3111
恢復我們的自然資源。
14:14
And cars -- what we want
is to move around.
is to move around.
283
842805
2902
如果車子只是移動的手段，
14:17
We don't need to own
the materials within them.
the materials within them.
284
845707
2643
我們不需要每個人都有車，
14:20
Could cars become a service
285
848350
1639
未來可能以服務的形式，
14:21
and provide us with
mobility in the future?
mobility in the future?
286
849989
2554
購買「移動」這項產品。
14:25
All of this sounds amazing, but these
aren't just ideas, they're real today,
aren't just ideas, they're real today,
287
853033
4197
乍聽之下很神奇，
但這都是真實存在。
但這都是真實存在。
14:29
and these lie at the forefront
of the circular economy.
of the circular economy.
288
857230
2720
這就是「循環經濟」的核心。
14:31
What lies before us is to expand them
and scale them up.
and scale them up.
289
859950
4504
我們要做的是去擴充、升級。
14:36
So how would you shift
from linear to circular?
from linear to circular?
290
864454
2975
要怎麼從線性變成循環經濟呢？
14:39
Well, the team and I at the foundation
thought you might want to work
thought you might want to work
291
867899
3296
我們基金會的團隊就想，
14:43
with the top universities in the world,
292
871195
1874
要和世界一流的院校合作、
14:45
with leading businesses within the world,
293
873069
2020
和世界知名的企業合作、
14:47
with the biggest convening
platforms in the world,
platforms in the world,
294
875089
2348
與世界最大的智庫平台合作、
14:49
and with governments.
295
877437
1002
還有各國政府。
14:50
We thought you might want
to work with the best analysts
to work with the best analysts
296
878439
2620
你可能想和專家共事，問他們：
14:53
and ask them the question,
297
881059
1254
你可能想和專家共事，問他們：
14:54
"Can the circular economy decouple
growth from resource constraints?
growth from resource constraints?
298
882313
3201
「循環經濟可以讓經濟成長，
不再受制於有限資源嗎？」
不再受制於有限資源嗎？」
14:57
Is the circular economy able
to rebuild natural capital?
to rebuild natural capital?
299
885514
3622
「循環經濟可以重建自然資本嗎？」
15:01
Could the circular economy
replace current chemical fertilizer use?"
replace current chemical fertilizer use?"
300
889136
3645
「「循環經濟可以取代化肥使用嗎？」
15:04
Yes was the answer to the decoupling,
301
892781
2346
答案：是的，
15:07
but also yes, we could replace
current fertilizer use
current fertilizer use
302
895127
3018
而且我們還可以取代現代化肥，
15:10
by a staggering 2.7 times.
303
898145
3785
化肥使用也可以減少 2.7 倍。
15:14
But what inspired me most
about the circular economy
about the circular economy
304
902690
2560
但循環經濟最讓我訝異的，
15:17
was its ability to inspire young people.
305
905250
2989
是對年輕人的啟發。
15:20
When young people see the economy
through a circular lens,
through a circular lens,
306
908779
3135
當他們從這樣的角度看經濟，
15:23
they see brand new opportunities
on exactly the same horizon.
on exactly the same horizon.
307
911914
4536
他們在相同的議題上看見了新可能。
15:28
They can use their creativity
and knowledge
and knowledge
308
916488
2605
他們用創意和知識，
15:31
to rebuild the entire system,
309
919093
2387
重建了整個系統。
15:33
and it's there for the taking right now,
310
921480
2113
這就是大家該努力的目標，
15:35
and the faster we do this, the better.
311
923593
2456
而且越早行動越好。
15:38
So could we achieve this
in their lifetimes?
in their lifetimes?
312
926049
3070
在他們有生之年可能完成嗎？
15:41
Is it actually possible?
313
929119
2136
這真的可行嗎？
15:43
I believe yes.
314
931255
1510
我的答案是肯定的。
15:45
When you look at the lifetime of
my great-grandfather, anything's possible.
my great-grandfather, anything's possible.
315
933105
3839
在我曾祖父的年代，凡事都有可能。
15:49
When he was born, there were only
25 cars in the world;
25 cars in the world;
316
937574
3736
他出生的時候全世界只有 25 輛車，
15:53
they had only just been invented.
317
941310
2430
車才剛被發明。
15:55
When he was 14, we flew
for the first time in history.
for the first time in history.
318
943740
3931
他 14 歲時，
人類第一次翱翔天際。
人類第一次翱翔天際。
15:59
Now there are 100,000 charter flights
319
947671
2489
現在每天
16:02
every single day.
320
950160
1946
有 10 萬架航班起降。
16:04
When he was 45, we built
the first computer.
the first computer.
321
952106
3994
他 45 歲，人類有了第一台電腦。
16:08
Many said it wouldn't catch on,
but it did, and just 20 years later
but it did, and just 20 years later
322
956100
3157
當時很多人都不看好，
但在短短 20 年
但在短短 20 年
16:11
we turned it into a microchip
323
959257
2021
我們把它變成薄薄的晶片，
16:13
of which there will be thousands
in this room here today.
in this room here today.
324
961278
4202
相信在場就有上千片的晶片。
16:17
Ten years before he died,
we built the first mobile phone.
we built the first mobile phone.
325
965480
2879
他死前 10 年，
人類有了第一支行動電話，
人類有了第一支行動電話，
16:20
It wasn't that mobile, to be fair,
326
968359
1974
雖然剛開始很笨重，
16:22
but now it really is,
327
970333
1974
但現在太方便了。
16:24
and as my great-grandfather
left this Earth, the Internet arrived.
left this Earth, the Internet arrived.
328
972307
3970
在他過世那年，有了網路。
16:28
Now we can do anything,
329
976277
2113
現在我們無所不能，
16:30
but more importantly,
330
978390
1280
更重要的是，
16:31
now we have a plan.
331
979670
2315
我們也有了計畫。
16:33
Thank you.
332
981985
2005
謝謝！
16:36
(Applause)
333
984640
8641
(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dame Ellen MacArthur - Circular economy advocateAfter setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate.
Why you should listen
It's a tradition among British citizens: If you circumnavigate the globe by sail, you'll earn royal honors. Ellen MacArthur was made a dame in 2005 after the fastest solo sail around the world. But when you sail alone around the world, things come into focus. Dame Ellen, at the top of her sailing career, had become acutely aware of the finite nature of the resources our linear economy relies on.
In 2010, she launched the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, which works with education and business to accelerate the transition to a regenerative circular economy. She also runs the Ellen MacArthur Cancer Trust, using sailing to build confidence for kids following cancer treatment.
Dame Ellen MacArthur | Speaker | TED.com