TED2011
Ron Gutman: The hidden power of smiling
Ron Gutman: Skrivena moć osmjeha
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Ron Gutman daje pregled mnoštva studija o smijanju, neke od njih su dale iznenađujuće rezultate. Da li ste znali da se pomoću osmijeha može predvidjeti koliko dugo ćete živjeti -- i da jednostavni osmijeh posjeduje mjerljivi uticaj na vašu sveopću dobrobit? Pripremite se da napnete facijalne mišiće dok budete slušali o ovom evolucijski zaraznom ponašanju.
Ron Gutman - Entrepreneur
Ron Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley. Full bio
Ron Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero.
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Kada sam bio dijete želio sam postati super heroj.
00:18
I wanted to save the world and then make everyone happy.
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Želio sam spasiti svijet i sve učiniti sretnim
00:21
But I knew that I'd need superpowers
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Ali znao sam da su mi potrebne super moći
00:23
to make my dreams come true.
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da bih ostvario svoje snove.
00:25
So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys
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Uplovio bih u maštovita putovanja
00:28
to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton,
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da nađem intergalaktičke predmete sa planete Kripton,
00:31
which was a lot of fun,
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Putovanja su bila zabavna,
00:33
but didn't get much result.
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ali nisu bila učinkovita.
00:35
When I grew up and realized
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Kada sam odrastao, shvatio sam
00:37
that science fiction was not a good source for superpowers,
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da naučna fantastika nije dobar izvor super moći.
00:40
I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science,
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Zato sam odlučio da započnem putovanje stvarne nauke
00:43
to find a more useful truth.
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da bih našao korisnu istinu.
00:45
I started my journey in California
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Svoje putovanje sam počeo u Kaliforniji
00:48
with a UC Berkeley 30-year longitudinal study
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sa tridesetogodišnjom studijom kalifornijskog univerziteta Berkleya
00:51
that examined the photos of students
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koja je ispitala fotografije studenata
00:53
in an old yearbook
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u starom godišnjaku,
00:55
and tried to measure their success and well-being
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te nastojala izmjeriti uspjeh i blagostanje
00:57
throughout their life.
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kroz njihov život.
00:59
By measuring their student smiles,
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Kroz mjerenje njihovih osmjeha,
01:01
researchers were able to predict
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istraživači su bili u mogućnosti da predvide
01:03
how fulfilling and long-lasting
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koliko će ispunjen i dugotrajan
01:05
a subject's marriage will be,
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biti brak ispitanika,
01:08
how well she would score
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koliko dobro će uraditi
01:10
on standardized tests of well-being
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opće testove blagostanja
01:12
and how inspiring she would be to others.
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te koliko će inspirativno djelovati na druge.
01:16
In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obama's picture.
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U drugom godišnjaku, naišao sam na sliku Barry Obame
01:19
When I first saw his picture,
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Kada sam vidio njegovu sliku
01:21
I thought that these superpowers came from his super collar.
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pomislio sam da njegove super moći dolaze od njegove kragne.
01:25
But now I know it was all in his smile.
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Ali sada znam da je sve bilo do njegovog osmjeha.
01:28
Another aha! moment
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Još jedan a-ha! momenat
01:30
came from a 2010 Wayne State University research project
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se desio tokom istraživačkog projekta Wayne državnog univerziteta 2010. godine
01:33
that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards
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koji se ticao bejzbol kartica igrača Glavne lige
01:36
of Major League players.
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prije 1950tih godina.
01:38
The researchers found
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Istraživači su pronašli da
01:40
that the span of a player's smile
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širina igračevog osmjeha
01:42
could actually predict the span of his life.
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može predvidjeti dužinu njegovog života.
01:45
Players who didn't smile in their pictures
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Igrači koji se nisu smiješili na svojim slikama
01:48
lived an average of only 72.9 years,
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u prosjeku su živjeli samo 72.9 godina,
01:51
where players with beaming smiles
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dok su igrači sa širokim osmjehom
01:53
lived an average of almost 80 years.
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živjeli u prosjeku skoro 80 godina.
01:56
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:58
The good news is that we're actually born smiling.
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Dobre vijesti su da se rađamo nasmijani.
02:01
Using 3D ultrasound technology,
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Koristeći tehnologiju 3D ultrazvuka
02:03
we can now see that developing babies appear to smile,
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možemo vidjeti da bebe izgledaju nasmijano,
02:06
even in the womb.
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čak i u stomaku.
02:08
When they're born,
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Kada se rode --
02:10
babies continue to smile --
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bebe nastavljaju da se smiješe --
02:12
initially, mostly in their sleep.
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u početku, najčešće dok spavaju.
02:14
And even blind babies smile
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Čak se i slijepe bebe smiješe
02:16
to the sound of the human voice.
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kada čuju ljudski glas.
02:19
Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically-uniform
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Smijanje je jedan od osnovnih, biološki uniformisanih
02:22
expressions of all humans.
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izražaja svih ljudi.
02:24
In studies conducted in Papua New Guinea,
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U studijima rađenim u Papaua Nova Gvineja,
02:26
Paul Ekman,
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Paul Ekman,
02:28
the world's most renowned researcher on facial expressions,
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najpriznatiji svjetski istraživač izraza lica,
02:31
found that even members of the Fore tribe,
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je otkrio da se čak i članovi pelemna Fore,
02:34
who were completely disconnected from Western culture,
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koji su potpuno odsječeni od zapadne kulture,
02:37
and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals,
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a također poznati po neuobičajnim kanibalističkim ritualima,
02:41
attributed smiles to descriptions of situations
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pripisuju osmijehe opisima situacija
02:44
the same way you and I would.
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na isti način kao što bih i ja.
02:46
So from Papua New Guinea
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Dakle, od Papau Nove Gvineje
02:49
to Hollywood
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do Holivuda
02:51
all the way to modern art in Beijing,
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i sve do moderne umjetnosti u Pekingu,
02:54
we smile often,
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često se smiješimo,
02:56
and you smile to express joy
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a smijemo se da bismo iskazali radost
02:58
and satisfaction.
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i zadovoljstvo.
03:00
How many people here in this room
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Koliko osoba u ovoj prostoriji
03:02
smile more than 20 times per day?
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se nasmije više od 20 puta dnevno?
03:04
Raise your hand if you do. Oh, wow.
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Podignite ruku ako ste to vi. Oh wow.
03:07
Outside of this room,
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Izvan ove prostorije,
03:09
more than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day,
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više od jedne trećine se nasmije više od 20 puta na dan,
03:12
whereas less than 14 percent of us
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dok se manje od 14 posto
03:15
smile less than five.
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nasmije manje od pet puta.
03:17
In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers
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Ustvari, oni koji posjeduju najnevjerovatnije super moći
03:20
are actually children,
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su zapravo djeca
03:23
who smile as many as 400 times per day.
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koja se smiju više od 400 puta na dan.
03:26
Have you ever wondered why being around children
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Jeste li se ikada zapitali zašto kada smo oko djece
03:28
who smile so frequently
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koja se često smiješe
03:30
makes you smile very often?
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i mi se smiješimo češće?
03:34
A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden
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Nedavna studija Univerziteta Uppsala u Švedskoj
03:36
found that it's very difficult to frown
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otkrila je da je jako teško namrštiti se
03:39
when looking at someone who smiles.
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dok gledamo nekoga ko se smiješi.
03:41
You ask, why?
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Pitate se zašto?
03:43
Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious,
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Zato što je osmijeh evolutivno zarazan,
03:45
and it suppresses the control
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te potiskuje kontrolu
03:47
we usually have on our facial muscles.
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koju obično imamo nad mišičima lica.
03:50
Mimicking a smile
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Oponašajući osmijeh
03:52
and experiencing it physically
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i doživljujući ga fizički
03:54
help us understand whether our smile is fake or real,
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pomaže nam da shvatimo da li je naš osmijeh lažan ili stvaran,
03:58
so we can understand the emotional state
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tako da možemo razumjeti emocionalno stanje
04:00
of the smiler.
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osobe koja se smiješi.
04:02
In a recent mimicking study
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U nedavnoj studiji oponašanja
04:04
at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France,
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na Univerzitetu Clermont-Ferrand u Francuskoj
04:07
subjects were asked to determine
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ispitanici su bili pitani da odrede
04:09
whether a smile was real or fake
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da li je osmijeh stvaran ili lažan
04:11
while holding a pencil in their mouth
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dok drže olovku u ustima
04:13
to repress smiling muscles.
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da bi potisnula mišiće potrebne za osmijeh.
04:15
Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges,
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Bez olovke, ispitanici su bili odlični suci,
04:18
but with the pencil in their mouth --
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ali sa olovkom u ustima
04:20
when they could not mimic the smile they saw --
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kada nisu mogli oponašati osmijeh koji su vidjeli,
04:23
their judgment was impaired.
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njihov sud je bio slabiji.
04:25
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:27
In addition to theorizing on evolution in "The Origin of Species,"
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Kao dodatak teoriji evolucije u "Porijeklu vrsta",
04:30
Charles Darwin also wrote
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Charles Darwin je također napisao
04:32
the facial feedback response theory.
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teoriju facijalnog povratnog odgovora.
04:34
His theory states
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Njegova teorija kaže
04:36
that the act of smiling itself
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da čin osmijeha sam po sebi
04:38
actually makes us feel better --
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čini da se osjećamo bolje--
04:40
rather than smiling being merely a result
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a ne da osmijeh bude samo rezultat
04:42
of feeling good.
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dobrog osjećanja.
04:44
In his study,
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U svojoj studiji,
04:46
Darwin actually cited a French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne,
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Darwin zapravo citira francuskog neurologa, Guillaume Duchenne,
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who used electric jolts to facial muscles
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koji je koristio električne podražaje mišića na licu
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to induce and stimulate smiles.
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da bi izazvao i stimulirao osmijehe.
04:54
Please, don't try this at home.
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Molim vas da ovo ne pokušavate kod kuće.
04:56
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:58
In a related German study,
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U srodnoj njemačkoj studiji,
05:00
researchers used fMRI imaging
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istraživači su koristili slike nastale funkcionalnom magnetnom rezonancom
05:02
to measure brain activity
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da izmjere aktivnosti mozga
05:04
before and after injecting Botox
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prije i poslije ubrizgavanja botoksa
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to suppress smiling muscles.
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koji paralizira mišiće potrebne za osmjeh.
05:10
The finding supported Darwin's theory
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Rezultati su potvrdili Darwinovu teoriju
05:12
by showing that facial feedback
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tako što su pokazali da facijalni izraz
05:14
modifies the neural processing
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podešava neurološke procese
05:16
of emotional content in the brain
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emocionalnog sadržaja u mozgu
05:18
in a way that helps us feel better when we smile.
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na način da se osjećamo bolje kada se smijemo.
05:22
Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism
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Smijanje stimuliše mehanizam
05:24
in a way that even chocolate --
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na način koji čak ni čokolada --
05:26
a well-regarded pleasure inducer --
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poznati uzročnik zadovoljstva--
05:29
cannot match.
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ne može postići.
05:31
British researchers found that one smile
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Britanski istraživači su otkrili da jedan osmijeh
05:34
can generate the same level of brain stimulation
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može proizvesti isti nivo moždane stimulacije
05:37
as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate.
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kao i do 2,000 tabli čokolade.
05:40
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:42
Wait. The same study found
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Čekajte. Ista studija je otkrila
05:45
that smiling is as stimulating
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da je smijanje stimulativno kao i
05:47
as receiving up to 16,000 pounds Sterling in cash.
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dobijanje 16,000 funti u gotovini.
05:52
That's like 25 grand a smile.
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To je kao 30 hiljada maraka po osmjehu.
05:54
It's not bad.
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Nije loše.
05:56
And think about it this way:
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Razmislite o tome ovako:
05:58
25,000 times 400 --
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30,000 puta 400 --
06:00
quite a few kids out there
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jako puno se djece
06:02
feel like Mark Zuckerberg every day.
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osjeća kao Mark Zuckerberg svakoga dana.
06:05
And, unlike lots of chocolate,
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Za razliku od čokolade,
06:07
lots of smiling can actually make you healthier.
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dosta smijanja vas zaista može učiniti zdravijim.
06:10
Smiling can help reduce the level
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Smijanje može pomoći da se smanji nivo
06:12
of stress-enhancing hormones
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stresom izazvanih hormona
06:14
like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine,
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kao što je kortizol, adrenalin i dopamin,
06:17
increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones
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povećati nivo hormona za dobro raspoloženje
06:19
like endorphin
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kao što je endorfin
06:21
and reduce overall blood pressure.
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i smanjiti sveukupni krvni pritisak.
06:23
And if that's not enough,
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A ako ni to nije dosta,
06:25
smiling can actually make you look good
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smijanje vas može učiniti ljepšim
06:27
in the eyes of others.
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u očima drugih.
06:29
A recent study at Penn State University
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Nedavna studija Penn Univerziteta
06:31
found that when you smile,
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je otkrila da dok se smijete
06:33
you don't only appear to be more likable and courteous,
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ne samo da se činite više dopadljivim i uljudnijim,
06:36
but you actually appear to be more competent.
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već se činite sposobnijim.
06:40
So whenever you want to look great and competent,
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Dakle kadgod želite da izgledate odlično i sposobno,
06:42
reduce your stress
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da smanjite stres
06:44
or improve your marriage,
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ili poboljšate brak,
06:46
or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate --
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ili se osjećate kao da ste upravo pojeli gomilu kvalitetne čokolade --
06:49
without incurring the caloric cost --
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bez povećanja unosa kalorija --
06:52
or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket
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ili kao da ste pronašli 30,000 maraka u džepu
06:54
of an old jacket you hadn't worn for ages,
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stare jakne koju niste nosili godinama,
06:57
or whenever you want to tap into a superpower
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ili ako želite da dobijete super moć
07:01
that will help you and everyone around you
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koja će pomoći i vama i svima oko vas
07:04
live a longer, healthier, happier life,
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da živite duže, zdravije, sretnije,
07:07
smile.
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Osmjehujte se.
07:09
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ron Gutman - EntrepreneurRon Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.
Why you should listen
Ron Gutman is the founder of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for immediate access to relevant, reliable and trusted health answers and tips from a network of doctors. Before this, he founded and led an online consumer health company that developed the world's largest community of independent health writers; it was acquired in early 2009.
As a graduate student at Stanford, Gutman organized and led a multidisciplinary group of faculty and graduate students from the schools of Engineering, Medicine, Business, Psychology and Law to conduct research in personalized health and to design ways to help people live healthier, happier lives. He is an angel investor and advisor to health and technology companies such as Rock Health (the first Interactive Health Incubator) and Harvard Medical School's SMArt Initiative ("Substitutable Medical Apps, reusable technologies"). He's the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.
Find links to all the studies that Gutman references in his talk right here >>
Ron Gutman | Speaker | TED.com