TED2011
Ron Gutman: The hidden power of smiling
朗．古特曼：隱藏於微笑的力量
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朗．古特曼閱覽過一堆有關微笑嘅研究之後，發現咗一啲出人意表嘅結果。你知唔知睇你個笑容可以預計到你嘅壽命有幾長？而且簡單一個微笑原來對你整體幸福有量度得到嘅影響？聽到有關微笑呢個演化以來有傳播性嘅行為嗰陣，準備要拉緊一下面部肌肉啦﹗
Ron Gutman - Entrepreneur
Ron Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley. Full bio
Ron Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero.
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細個嗰陣，我時時都想做超級英雄
00:18
I wanted to save the world and then make everyone happy.
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拯救全世界，等個個都快樂
00:21
But I knew that I'd need superpowers
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但我亦知道要有超能力
00:23
to make my dreams come true.
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至可以夢想成真
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So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys
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所以我開始咗幻想旅程
00:28
to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton,
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尋找從氪子行星而來嘅跨銀河物體
00:31
which was a lot of fun,
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雖然好好玩
00:33
but didn't get much result.
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但無乜效用
00:35
When I grew up and realized
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大個之後，我明白
00:37
that science fiction was not a good source for superpowers,
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科幻小說唔係超能力嘅來源
00:40
I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science,
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所以我轉為開展真正科學之旅
00:43
to find a more useful truth.
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探求更有用的事實
00:45
I started my journey in California
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我嘅科學之旅響加州嘅柏克萊大學開始
00:48
with a UC Berkeley 30-year longitudinal study
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響嗰度我參予一個長30年嘅研究
00:51
that examined the photos of students
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嘗試響舊畢業年冊
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in an old yearbook
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入面嘅學生照片度
00:55
and tried to measure their success and well-being
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量度佢哋一生人
00:57
throughout their life.
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成就同快樂程度
00:59
By measuring their student smiles,
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只要量度學生嘅笑容
01:01
researchers were able to predict
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研究員就可以預測到
01:03
how fulfilling and long-lasting
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被研究嘅人嘅婚姻
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a subject's marriage will be,
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有幾美滿同長久
01:08
how well she would score
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響統一嘅快樂測驗入面
01:10
on standardized tests of well-being
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研究對象會得到幾多分
01:12
and how inspiring she would be to others.
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又有幾啟發人
01:16
In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obama's picture.
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有次響紀念冊見到奧巴馬嘅相
01:19
When I first saw his picture,
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第一眼見到佢張相
01:21
I thought that these superpowers came from his super collar.
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我以為佢嘅超能力來自佢個超級衫領
01:25
But now I know it was all in his smile.
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但我依家知道佢嘅超能力響笑容入面
01:28
Another aha! moment
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另一個新發現係
01:30
came from a 2010 Wayne State University research project
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來自2010年響偉恩州立大學嘅研究計劃
01:33
that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards
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研究1950年代前
01:36
of Major League players.
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大聯盟球員協會嘅棒球員卡
01:38
The researchers found
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研究員發現
01:40
that the span of a player's smile
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球員笑容嘅大細
01:42
could actually predict the span of his life.
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其實預示咗佢嘅壽命
01:45
Players who didn't smile in their pictures
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嗰啲響張相度無笑容嘅球員
01:48
lived an average of only 72.9 years,
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平均只有72.9年命
01:51
where players with beaming smiles
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而露笑容嘅
01:53
lived an average of almost 80 years.
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平均有成差唔多80歲命
01:56
(Laughter)
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（笑）
01:58
The good news is that we're actually born smiling.
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好消息係我哋天生會笑
02:01
Using 3D ultrasound technology,
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用三維超聲波技術
02:03
we can now see that developing babies appear to smile,
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就可以見到響子宮入面
02:06
even in the womb.
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成長緊嘅胎兒面露微笑
02:08
When they're born,
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佢哋出咗世
02:10
babies continue to smile --
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多數會瞓覺時
02:12
initially, mostly in their sleep.
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繼續識得笑
02:14
And even blind babies smile
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就算係失明嘅細路
02:16
to the sound of the human voice.
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都識得跟住人嘅聲線去笑
02:19
Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically-uniform
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笑係全人類最基本
02:22
expressions of all humans.
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生理學上大家共有嘅表情
02:24
In studies conducted in Papua New Guinea,
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世界知名嘅面部表情研究學者
02:26
Paul Ekman,
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保羅艾克曼
02:28
the world's most renowned researcher on facial expressions,
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在巴布亞新幾內亞嘅研究入面
02:31
found that even members of the Fore tribe,
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發現好似高山族族人咁
02:34
who were completely disconnected from Western culture,
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同西方文化完全無接觸
02:37
and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals,
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而且有食人習俗嘅部族
02:41
attributed smiles to descriptions of situations
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聽到一啲令人發笑嘅情景
02:44
the same way you and I would.
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亦會顯露笑容
02:46
So from Papua New Guinea
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所以無論係響巴布亞新幾內亞
02:49
to Hollywood
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荷李活
02:51
all the way to modern art in Beijing,
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甚至響北京嘅現代藝術入面
02:54
we smile often,
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我哋都會笑
02:56
and you smile to express joy
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而我哋會因為表達
02:58
and satisfaction.
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喜悅、滿足而笑
03:00
How many people here in this room
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響呢度有幾多人會
03:02
smile more than 20 times per day?
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一日笑超過20次？
03:04
Raise your hand if you do. Oh, wow.
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會嘅就舉手，嘩
03:07
Outside of this room,
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響會場外
03:09
more than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day,
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有超過三分一人口每日笑多過20次
03:12
whereas less than 14 percent of us
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而少過百分之十四嘅人
03:15
smile less than five.
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每日笑少過5次
03:17
In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers
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事實上，擁有強大超級大量嘅
03:20
are actually children,
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係小朋友
03:23
who smile as many as 400 times per day.
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佢哋每日可以笑成400次咁多
03:26
Have you ever wondered why being around children
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有無諗過點解同呢啲
03:28
who smile so frequently
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時時笑嘅小朋友一齊
03:30
makes you smile very often?
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會令你笑得多啲？
03:34
A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden
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瑞典烏普薩柆大學最近有項研究
03:36
found that it's very difficult to frown
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發現見到人笑時
03:39
when looking at someone who smiles.
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好難皺眉頭
03:41
You ask, why?
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點解？
03:43
Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious,
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因為笑容響演化過程上有傳染性
03:45
and it suppresses the control
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而且會抑制
03:47
we usually have on our facial muscles.
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我哋平時對面部肌肉嘅控制能力
03:50
Mimicking a smile
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而透過模仿
03:52
and experiencing it physically
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親身體驗笑容
03:54
help us understand whether our smile is fake or real,
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幫助我哋了解個笑容係真心還是偽裝
03:58
so we can understand the emotional state
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從而明白笑嘅人
04:00
of the smiler.
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嘅情緒狀熊
04:02
In a recent mimicking study
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響法國嘅克萊蒙費朗大學
04:04
at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France,
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最近有個模仿研究
04:07
subjects were asked to determine
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會要求參加者分辨
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whether a smile was real or fake
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個笑容係真定假
04:11
while holding a pencil in their mouth
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同時佢哋要用個口擔住支鉛筆
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to repress smiling muscles.
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去壓抑笑容肌
04:15
Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges,
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當無咗支鉛筆，參加者都判別得到真假笑容
04:18
but with the pencil in their mouth --
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但有支鉛筆響個口度嗰陣
04:20
when they could not mimic the smile they saw --
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佢哋唔能夠模仿見到嘅笑容
04:23
their judgment was impaired.
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而佢哋嘅判斷就有誤差
04:25
(Laughter)
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(笑)
04:27
In addition to theorizing on evolution in "The Origin of Species,"
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達爾文除咗響《物種起源》呢本書入面
04:30
Charles Darwin also wrote
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為演化立論
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the facial feedback response theory.
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佢亦提及面部回饋反應理論
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His theory states
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佢嘅理論係話
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that the act of smiling itself
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笑容呢個動作本身
04:38
actually makes us feel better --
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實際上會令我哋覺得更開心
04:40
rather than smiling being merely a result
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而唔係
04:42
of feeling good.
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純粹感覺良好嘅結果
04:44
In his study,
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佢研究入面
04:46
Darwin actually cited a French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne,
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亦確實有提到法國神經學家杜鄉
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who used electric jolts to facial muscles
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杜鄉利用電擊
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to induce and stimulate smiles.
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刺激面部，得到笑容
04:54
Please, don't try this at home.
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唔該，千祈唔好響屋企模仿
04:56
(Laughter)
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(笑)
04:58
In a related German study,
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一個響德國做嘅相關研究
05:00
researchers used fMRI imaging
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研究員響注射肉毒捍菌
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to measure brain activity
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壓制笑容肌肉前後
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before and after injecting Botox
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用磁力共振造影
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to suppress smiling muscles.
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量度腦部活動
05:10
The finding supported Darwin's theory
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研究結困支持達爾文嘅理論
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by showing that facial feedback
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結果顯示面部回饋
05:14
modifies the neural processing
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改變腦部內神經
05:16
of emotional content in the brain
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處理情緒嘅內容
05:18
in a way that helps us feel better when we smile.
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所以我哋笑嗰陣會令我哋感到愉快
05:22
Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism
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笑容刺激我哋腦入面嘅獎賞系統
05:24
in a way that even chocolate --
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就算人所共知
05:26
a well-regarded pleasure inducer --
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可以引起歡愉心情嘅誘導劑
05:29
cannot match.
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朱古力都望塵莫及
05:31
British researchers found that one smile
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英國研究員發現
05:34
can generate the same level of brain stimulation
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一個微笑對腦部產生嘅刺激
05:37
as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate.
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有2000排朱古力咁強烈
05:40
(Laughter)
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(笑)
05:42
Wait. The same study found
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仲有，同一個研究亦都發現
05:45
that smiling is as stimulating
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微笑可以引起
05:47
as receiving up to 16,000 pounds Sterling in cash.
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好似收到16000英鎊咁多嘅現金嘅刺激
05:52
That's like 25 grand a smile.
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咁即係一個微笑值成25000蚊美金
05:54
It's not bad.
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都唔錯喎
05:56
And think about it this way:
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試諗下
05:58
25,000 times 400 --
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25000乘以400
06:00
quite a few kids out there
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都唔少小朋友
06:02
feel like Mark Zuckerberg every day.
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日日都好似馬克．札克伯格咁有錢
06:05
And, unlike lots of chocolate,
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而且相比食大量嘅朱古力
06:07
lots of smiling can actually make you healthier.
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笑得多仲可以令你更健康
06:10
Smiling can help reduce the level
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笑有助於減低
06:12
of stress-enhancing hormones
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加重壓力嘅荷爾蒙水平
06:14
like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine,
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例如皮質醇、腎上腺素同多巴胺
06:17
increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones
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令好心情嘅荷爾蒙水平提高
06:19
like endorphin
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好似腦內啡咁
06:21
and reduce overall blood pressure.
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亦會令整體血壓下降
06:23
And if that's not enough,
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唔止咁
06:25
smiling can actually make you look good
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笑容令其他人覺得
06:27
in the eyes of others.
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你親切可人
06:29
A recent study at Penn State University
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響賓尼州立大學嘅研究發現
06:31
found that when you smile,
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當你笑嗰陣
06:33
you don't only appear to be more likable and courteous,
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你睇上嚟唔單止可親有禮
06:36
but you actually appear to be more competent.
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仲會令你睇嚟好能幹添
06:40
So whenever you want to look great and competent,
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所以無論你想睇上嚟靚啲、能幹啲
06:42
reduce your stress
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減低壓力
06:44
or improve your marriage,
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改善婚姻關係
06:46
or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate --
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或者想覺得好似啱啱食咗大排朱古力
06:49
without incurring the caloric cost --
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又無付出卡路里嘅代價
06:52
or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket
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又或者想好似響舊外套入面
06:54
of an old jacket you hadn't worn for ages,
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搵到25000蚊美金響袋
06:57
or whenever you want to tap into a superpower
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甚至想得到超能力
07:01
that will help you and everyone around you
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令你同身邊嘅人
07:04
live a longer, healthier, happier life,
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生活得長命啲、健康啲、開心啲
07:07
smile.
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笑啦
07:09
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ron Gutman - EntrepreneurRon Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.
Why you should listen
Ron Gutman is the founder of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for immediate access to relevant, reliable and trusted health answers and tips from a network of doctors. Before this, he founded and led an online consumer health company that developed the world's largest community of independent health writers; it was acquired in early 2009.
As a graduate student at Stanford, Gutman organized and led a multidisciplinary group of faculty and graduate students from the schools of Engineering, Medicine, Business, Psychology and Law to conduct research in personalized health and to design ways to help people live healthier, happier lives. He is an angel investor and advisor to health and technology companies such as Rock Health (the first Interactive Health Incubator) and Harvard Medical School's SMArt Initiative ("Substitutable Medical Apps, reusable technologies"). He's the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.
Find links to all the studies that Gutman references in his talk right here >>
Ron Gutman | Speaker | TED.com