TED2011
Ron Gutman: The hidden power of smiling
Ron Gutman: Skrivena moć smijeha
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Ron Gutman prolazi kroz mnoštvo studija o smiješenju, i otkriva neke iznenađujuće rezultate. Jeste li znali kako vaš osmijeh može biti indikator koliko dugo ćete živjeti -- i kako jednostavan osmijeh ima mjerljiv efekt na vašu cjelokupnu dobrobit? Pripremite se da razgibate neke mišiće lica dok učite više o tom evolucijski zaraznom ponašanju.
Ron Gutman - Entrepreneur
Ron Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley. Full bio
Ron Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero.
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Kada sam bio dijete, oduvijek sam htio biti super junak.
00:18
I wanted to save the world and then make everyone happy.
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Želio sam spasiti svijet i zatim učiniti sve sretnima.
00:21
But I knew that I'd need superpowers
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Ali znao sam kako će mi biti potrebne super moći
00:23
to make my dreams come true.
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kako bih ostvario svoje snove.
00:25
So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys
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Stoga sam znao otići na ta imaginarna putovanja
00:28
to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton,
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kako bih pronašao intergalaktičke predmete s planeta Kryptona,
00:31
which was a lot of fun,
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što je bilo jako zabavno,
00:33
but didn't get much result.
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ali nije donosilo puno rezultata.
00:35
When I grew up and realized
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Kada sam odrastao, shvatio sam
00:37
that science fiction was not a good source for superpowers,
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kako znanstvena fantastika nije dobar izvor super moći,
00:40
I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science,
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stoga sam odlučio otići na putovanje kroz stvarnu znanost,
00:43
to find a more useful truth.
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kako bih pronašao korisniju istinu.
00:45
I started my journey in California
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Započeo sam putovanje u Kaliforniji
00:48
with a UC Berkeley 30-year longitudinal study
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s longitudinalnim istraživanjem od 30 godina na UC Berkley-u
00:51
that examined the photos of students
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koje je ispitivalo fotografije studenata
00:53
in an old yearbook
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u starom godišnjaku
00:55
and tried to measure their success and well-being
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i pokušavalo izmjeriti njihov uspjeh i blagostanje
00:57
throughout their life.
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kroz njihov život.
00:59
By measuring their student smiles,
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Mjereći osmjehe svojih studenata,
01:01
researchers were able to predict
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istraživači su mogli predvidjeti
01:03
how fulfilling and long-lasting
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koliko ispunjen i dugovječan
01:05
a subject's marriage will be,
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će brak ispitanika biti,
01:08
how well she would score
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koliko bodova će na
01:10
on standardized tests of well-being
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standardiziranom testu blagostanja ostvariti
01:12
and how inspiring she would be to others.
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i koliko će biti inspirativna za druge.
01:16
In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obama's picture.
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U drugom godišnjaku, naletio sam na fotografiju Barrya Obame.
01:19
When I first saw his picture,
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Kada sam po prvi puta vidio njegovu sliku,
01:21
I thought that these superpowers came from his super collar.
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pomislio sam kako te super moći dolaze iz njegovog super ovratnika.
01:25
But now I know it was all in his smile.
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Ali sada znam kako je sve u njegovom osmijehu.
01:28
Another aha! moment
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Još jedan aha! trenutak
01:30
came from a 2010 Wayne State University research project
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je proizašao iz istraživačkog projekta državnog Sveučilišta Wayne iz 2010.
01:33
that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards
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koji je promatrao bejzbolske kartice prije 1950-ih
01:36
of Major League players.
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i igrače Velike lige.
01:38
The researchers found
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Istraživači su otkrili
01:40
that the span of a player's smile
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kako je raspon igračeva osmjeha
01:42
could actually predict the span of his life.
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mogao zapravo predvidjeti raspon njegovog života.
01:45
Players who didn't smile in their pictures
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Igrači koji se nisu smijali na svojim slikama
01:48
lived an average of only 72.9 years,
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su živjeli u prosjeku 72,9 godina,
01:51
where players with beaming smiles
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dok su igrači s zapanjujućim osmjesima
01:53
lived an average of almost 80 years.
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živjeli u prosjeku gotovo 80 godina.
01:56
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:58
The good news is that we're actually born smiling.
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Dobra vijest je kako smo se zapravo rodili smiješeći.
02:01
Using 3D ultrasound technology,
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Koristeći tehnologiju 3D ultrazvuka,
02:03
we can now see that developing babies appear to smile,
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sada možemo vidjeti kako se bebe u razvoju smiju,
02:06
even in the womb.
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čak i u utrobi.
02:08
When they're born,
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Kada se rode,
02:10
babies continue to smile --
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bebe se nastavljaju smješiti --
02:12
initially, mostly in their sleep.
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inicijalno, najčešće u svojim snovima.
02:14
And even blind babies smile
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I čak se i slijepe bebe smiješe
02:16
to the sound of the human voice.
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zvuku ljudskog glasa.
02:19
Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically-uniform
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Smiješenje je jedno od osnovnih, biološki uniformiranih
02:22
expressions of all humans.
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ekspresija svih ljudi.
02:24
In studies conducted in Papua New Guinea,
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U studijama provedenim u Papui Novoj Gvineji,
02:26
Paul Ekman,
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Paul Ekman,
02:28
the world's most renowned researcher on facial expressions,
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najpriznatiji svjetski istraživač ekspresija lica,
02:31
found that even members of the Fore tribe,
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je otkrio kako čak i članovi Fore plemena,
02:34
who were completely disconnected from Western culture,
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koji su bili u potpunosti odsječeni od zapadnjačke kulture,
02:37
and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals,
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i koji su ujedno poznati po svojim neobičnim kanibalskim ritualima,
02:41
attributed smiles to descriptions of situations
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pridjeljuju osmijeh opisima situacija
02:44
the same way you and I would.
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na isti način kao što bi to vi i ja činili.
02:46
So from Papua New Guinea
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Od Papue Nove Gvineje
02:49
to Hollywood
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do Hollywood-a
02:51
all the way to modern art in Beijing,
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sve do moderne umjetnosti u Pekingu,
02:54
we smile often,
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mi se često smiješimo,
02:56
and you smile to express joy
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i smješite se kako biste izrazili veselje
02:58
and satisfaction.
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i zadovoljstvo.
03:00
How many people here in this room
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Koliko se ljudi u ovoj prostoriji
03:02
smile more than 20 times per day?
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smije više od 20 puta na dan?
03:04
Raise your hand if you do. Oh, wow.
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Podignite ruku ako je odgovor da. O, vau.
03:07
Outside of this room,
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Izvan ove prostorije,
03:09
more than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day,
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više od trećine nas se smije više od 20 puta na dan,
03:12
whereas less than 14 percent of us
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dok se manje od 14 posto nas
03:15
smile less than five.
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smije manje od pet puta.
03:17
In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers
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U stvari, oni s najnevjerojatnijim super moćima
03:20
are actually children,
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su zapravo djeca
03:23
who smile as many as 400 times per day.
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koja se smiju do 400 puta na dan.
03:26
Have you ever wondered why being around children
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Jeste li se ikad pitali zašto, kada ste okruženi djecom
03:28
who smile so frequently
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koja se smiju često
03:30
makes you smile very often?
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i vi se često smijete?
03:34
A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden
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Nedavno istraživanje sa Sveučilišta Uppsala u Švedskoj
03:36
found that it's very difficult to frown
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je otkrilo kako se jako teško mrštiti
03:39
when looking at someone who smiles.
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kada gledate nekoga tko se smije.
03:41
You ask, why?
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Pitate se zašto?
03:43
Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious,
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Jer je smijanje evolucijski zarazno,
03:45
and it suppresses the control
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i potiskuje kontrolu
03:47
we usually have on our facial muscles.
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koju obično imamo na našim mišićima lica.
03:50
Mimicking a smile
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Oponašajući osmijeh
03:52
and experiencing it physically
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i doživljavajući ga fizički
03:54
help us understand whether our smile is fake or real,
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pomaže nam shvatiti je li naš osmijeh lažan ili stvaran,
03:58
so we can understand the emotional state
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tako da možemo shvatiti emocionalno stanje
04:00
of the smiler.
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osobe koja se smije.
04:02
In a recent mimicking study
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U nedavnoj studiji oponašanja
04:04
at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France,
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na Sveučilištu Clermon-Ferrand u Francuskoj,
04:07
subjects were asked to determine
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ispitanike su zamolili da odrede
04:09
whether a smile was real or fake
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je li osmijeh stvaran ili lažan
04:11
while holding a pencil in their mouth
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za vrijeme držanja olovke u svojim ustima
04:13
to repress smiling muscles.
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kako bi potisnuli mišiće smijanja.
04:15
Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges,
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Bez olovke, ispitanici su bili izvrsni suci.
04:18
but with the pencil in their mouth --
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Ali s olovkom u svojim ustima,
04:20
when they could not mimic the smile they saw --
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kada nisu mogli oponašati osmijeh koji su vidjeli,
04:23
their judgment was impaired.
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njihova moć presuđivanja je umanjena.
04:25
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:27
In addition to theorizing on evolution in "The Origin of Species,"
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U dodatku teoretiziranju o evoluciji u "Porijeklu vrsta",
04:30
Charles Darwin also wrote
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Charles Darwin je isto tako napisao
04:32
the facial feedback response theory.
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teoriju o facijalnom povratnom odgovoru.
04:34
His theory states
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Njegova teorija navodi
04:36
that the act of smiling itself
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kako nas sam čin smijanja
04:38
actually makes us feel better --
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čini bolje raspoloženim --
04:40
rather than smiling being merely a result
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umjesto da je smijanje samo rezultat
04:42
of feeling good.
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toga što se osjećamo dobro.
04:44
In his study,
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U svojoj studiji,
04:46
Darwin actually cited a French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne,
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Darwin je zapravo citirao francuskog neurologa, Guillaumea Duchennea,
04:49
who used electric jolts to facial muscles
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koji je koristio električne udarce na mišićima lica
04:52
to induce and stimulate smiles.
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kako bi inducirao i stimulirao osmijeh.
04:54
Please, don't try this at home.
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Molim vas, ne pokušavajte to kod kuće.
04:56
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:58
In a related German study,
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U povezanoj studiji u Njemačkoj,
05:00
researchers used fMRI imaging
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istraživači su koristiti fMRI skeniranje
05:02
to measure brain activity
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kako bi izmjerili moždanu aktivnost
05:04
before and after injecting Botox
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prije i nakon ubrizgavanja Botox-a
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to suppress smiling muscles.
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kako bi potisnuli mišiće smijanja.
05:10
The finding supported Darwin's theory
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Otkriće je podržalo Darwin-ovu teoriju
05:12
by showing that facial feedback
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pokazujući kako facijalni povratni odgovor
05:14
modifies the neural processing
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modificira neuralno procesiranje
05:16
of emotional content in the brain
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emocionalnog sadržaja u mozgu
05:18
in a way that helps us feel better when we smile.
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na način da nam pomaže da se osjećamo bolje kada se smijemo.
05:22
Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism
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Smijanje stimulira mehanizam nagrađivanja u našem mozgu
05:24
in a way that even chocolate --
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na način na koji čak ni čokolada --
05:26
a well-regarded pleasure inducer --
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dobro poznati poticaj ugodi --
05:29
cannot match.
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ne može.
05:31
British researchers found that one smile
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Britanski istraživači su otkrili kako jedan osmijeh
05:34
can generate the same level of brain stimulation
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može generirati istu razinu moždane stimulacije
05:37
as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate.
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kao i 2.000 čokoladica.
05:40
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:42
Wait. The same study found
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Čekajte. Isto istraživanje je otkrilo
05:45
that smiling is as stimulating
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kako je smijanje stimulirajuće
05:47
as receiving up to 16,000 pounds Sterling in cash.
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kao i dobivanje 16.000 funti u gotovini.
05:52
That's like 25 grand a smile.
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To je 25 tisuća dolara po osmijehu.
05:54
It's not bad.
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Nije loše.
05:56
And think about it this way:
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I razmislite o tome na ovaj način:
05:58
25,000 times 400 --
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25.000 puta 400 --
06:00
quite a few kids out there
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priličan broj djece tamo vani
06:02
feel like Mark Zuckerberg every day.
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se svaki dan osjeća poput Marka Zuckerberga.
06:05
And, unlike lots of chocolate,
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I, za razliku od mnogo čokolade,
06:07
lots of smiling can actually make you healthier.
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mnogo smijanja vas može učiniti zdravijim.
06:10
Smiling can help reduce the level
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Smijanje može pomoći u smanjenju razine
06:12
of stress-enhancing hormones
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hormona koji uzrokuju stres
06:14
like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine,
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poput kortizola, adrenalina i dopamina,
06:17
increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones
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te povećanju razine hormona koji poboljšavaju raspoloženje
06:19
like endorphin
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poput endorfina
06:21
and reduce overall blood pressure.
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te smanjuje cjelokupni krvni pritisak.
06:23
And if that's not enough,
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A ako i to nije dovoljno,
06:25
smiling can actually make you look good
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smijanje može zapravo izgledati dobro
06:27
in the eyes of others.
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u očima drugih.
06:29
A recent study at Penn State University
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Nedavno istraživanje na državnom Sveučilištu Penn
06:31
found that when you smile,
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je otkrilo da prilikom smijanja,
06:33
you don't only appear to be more likable and courteous,
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ne samo da se doimate ugodnijom i uljudnijom osobom,
06:36
but you actually appear to be more competent.
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već zapravo ostavljate dojam kako ste i kompetetniji.
06:40
So whenever you want to look great and competent,
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Dakle, kada god poželite djelovati veliko i kompetentno,
06:42
reduce your stress
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smanjiti svoj stres
06:44
or improve your marriage,
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ili poboljšati svoj brak,
06:46
or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate --
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ili se osjećati kao da ste upravo pojeli cijelu zalihu visoko kvalitetne čokolade --
06:49
without incurring the caloric cost --
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bez nanošenja kaloričnog troška --
06:52
or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket
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ili kada se želite osjećati kao da ste pronašli 25 tisuća dolara u džepu
06:54
of an old jacket you hadn't worn for ages,
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stare jakne koji niste nosili cijelu vječnost,
06:57
or whenever you want to tap into a superpower
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ili kada god želite zagrabiti supermoć
07:01
that will help you and everyone around you
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koja će pomoći vama i svima oko vas
07:04
live a longer, healthier, happier life,
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da živite duži, zdraviji, sretniji život,
07:07
smile.
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smijte se.
07:09
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ron Gutman - EntrepreneurRon Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.
Why you should listen
Ron Gutman is the founder of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for immediate access to relevant, reliable and trusted health answers and tips from a network of doctors. Before this, he founded and led an online consumer health company that developed the world's largest community of independent health writers; it was acquired in early 2009.
As a graduate student at Stanford, Gutman organized and led a multidisciplinary group of faculty and graduate students from the schools of Engineering, Medicine, Business, Psychology and Law to conduct research in personalized health and to design ways to help people live healthier, happier lives. He is an angel investor and advisor to health and technology companies such as Rock Health (the first Interactive Health Incubator) and Harvard Medical School's SMArt Initiative ("Substitutable Medical Apps, reusable technologies"). He's the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.
Find links to all the studies that Gutman references in his talk right here >>
Ron Gutman | Speaker | TED.com