TED2007
Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines
Adam Grosser i el seu frigorífic sostenible.
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Adam Grosser ens parla d'un projecte per construir un frigorífic que treballa sense electricitat i de portar aquesta eina vital a pobles i clíniques al voltant del món. Retocant antigues tecnologies, ell ha aconseguit un sistema que funciona.
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalist
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
This is a work in process,
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Aquest és un treball en procés
00:16
based on some comments that were made
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basat en comentaris fets
00:19
at TED two years ago
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en TED fa dos anys
00:20
about the need for the storage of vaccine.
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sobre la necessitat d'emmegatzamatge de vacunes.
00:24
(Music)
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(Música)
00:25
(Video) Narrator: On this planet,
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[ En aquest planeta ]
00:26
1.6 billion people
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[ 1.6 bilions de personas ]
00:28
don't have access to electricity,
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[ no tenen accés a l'electricitat ]
00:30
refrigeration
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[ refrigeració ]
00:34
or stored fuels.
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[ o combustibles emmagatzemats ]
00:38
This is a problem.
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[ aquest és un problema ]
00:40
It impacts:
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[ el seu impacte: ]
00:44
the spread of disease,
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[ la propagació de malalties ]
00:46
the storage of food and medicine
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[ l'emmagatzematge d'aliments i medicines ]
00:49
and the quality of life.
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[ i la qualitat de vida ]
00:52
So here's the plan: inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity,
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[ aquest és el pla: refrigeració barata que no fa us d'electricitat... ]
00:55
propane, gas, kerosene or consumables.
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[... propà, gas, querosè o consumibles ]
01:00
Time for some thermodynamics.
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[ és moment de parlar de termodinàmica ]
01:02
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator.
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[ I de la història del Refrigerador d'Absorció Intermitent ]
01:05
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
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Així que fa uns 29 anys, vaig tenir aquest professor de termodinàmica
01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration.
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que va parlar sobre l'absorció i la refrigeració.
01:10
It's one of those things that stuck in my head.
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És una d'aquestes coses que mai vaig oblidar.
01:12
It was a lot like the Stirling engine:
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Era molt semblant al Motor Stirling:
01:13
it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
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era genial, però no sabies què fer amb ell.
01:16
And it was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carre,
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I va ser inventat en 1858 per aquest home, Ferdinand Carre,
01:19
but he couldn't actually build anything with it
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però no va poder construir res amb ell
01:20
because of the tools of the time.
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a causa de les eines de l'època.
01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley
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Aquest boig Canadenc anomenat Powell Crosley
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commercialized this thing called the IcyBall in 1928,
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va comercialitzar aquesta cosa nomenada "Icyball" el 1928
01:29
and it was a really neat idea,
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i era realment una bona idea,
01:31
and I'll get to why it didn't work,
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i els diré perquè no va a tenir èxit,
01:32
but here's how it works.
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però així és com funciona.
01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
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Hi ha dues esferes que estan separades a certa distància.
01:36
One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
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Una té un líquid actiu, aigua i amoníac,
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
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i l'altre és un condensador.
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
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Escalfes un costat, el costat calent.
01:42
The ammonia evaporates
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L'amoníac s'evapora
01:43
and it re-condenses in the other side.
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i es recondensa en l'altre costat.
01:46
You let it cool to room temperature,
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ho deixes refredar a temperatura ambient,
01:47
and then, as the ammonia re-evaporates and combines with the water
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i després, mentre l'amoníac es re-evapora i es combina amb l'aigua
01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
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novament de tornada al costat calent inicial,
01:52
it creates a powerful cooling effect.
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es crea un poderós efecte refrigerant.
01:55
So, it was a great idea that didn't work at all: it blew up.
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Així que era una idea genial però no va funcionar gens: va explotar.
01:58
Because using ammonia you get hugely high pressures
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Perquè a l'utilitzar amoníac obtens molt altes pressions
02:03
if you heated them wrong.
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si ho escalfes malament.
02:04
It topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic. It sprayed everywhere.
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Va arribar a 400 psi. L'amoníac es tòxic. Es va expandir per tots costats.
02:08
But it was kind of an interesting thought.
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Però va ser un pensament interessant.
02:10
So, the great thing about 2006 is
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Així que el genial sobre el 2006 és
02:13
there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
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que hi ha una gran quantitat de treball computacional que pots fer.
02:16
So, we got the whole thermodynamics department
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Així que vam tenir al departament complet de termodinàmica
02:19
at Stanford involved --
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a Stanford involucrat.
02:20
a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
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Molta dinàmica de fluids computacional.
02:22
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
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Vam comprovar que la majoria de les taules de refrigeració d'amoníac estaven malament.
02:25
We found some non-toxic refrigerants
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Vam trobar uns refrigerants no tòxics
02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
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que treballaven a molt baixa pressió de vapor.
02:29
Brought in a team from the U.K. --
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Vam portar un equip de UK--
02:32
there's a lot of great refrigeration people,
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hi ha molta gent que sap molt de refrigeració,
02:33
it turned out, in the U.K. --
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i resulta que, al Regne Unit
02:35
and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
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van construir un equip de proves, i van provar que de fet
02:37
we could make a low pressure, non-toxic refrigerator.
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podíem fer un refrigerador no tòxic i de baixa pressió.
02:41
So, this is the way it works.
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Així és com funciona.
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
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Ho poses sobre una estufa.
02:43
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
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La majoria de les persones en el món tenen foc per cuinar,
02:45
whether it's camel dung or wood.
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siguin de fem de camell o fusta.
02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
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s'escalfa per 30 minuts, es refreda per una hora.
02:50
Put it into a container
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ho poses en un recipient
02:53
and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
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i refrigerarà per 24 hores.
02:55
It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype. It's not quite done.
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És alguna cosa semblant a aixó. Aquest és el cinquè prototip. No està llest encara.
02:59
Weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
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Pesa al voltant de 3,5 kg i així és com funciona.
03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
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Ho poses en un atuell de 15 litres, tres galons més o menys,
03:06
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
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i es refredarà just sobre l'instant de congelació
03:08
three degrees above freezing --
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tres graus sobre el punt de congelació,
03:10
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap.
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per 24 hores en un ambient de 30 graus Celsius. És realment barat.
03:13
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
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Creiem que podem construir aquests en grans quantitats per 25 dòlars,
03:16
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
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i en petit volum per 40 dòlars
03:18
And we think we can make refrigeration
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I pensem que podem fer de la refrigeració
03:21
something that everybody can have.
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una cosa que tots podem tenir.
03:22
Thank you.
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Gràcies
03:23
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalistAdam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary.
Why you should listen
Adam Grosser is a venture capitalist, working with startups that are exploring new ideas in data communications, electronics and energy management. With a background in engineering and entertainment, he enjoys looking for opportunities that map over a few of his passions -- which also include greentech.
His passion for a sustainable solution to refrigeration -- for storing food and medicines -- led to the project he describes in his 2007 TEDTalk.
Adam Grosser | Speaker | TED.com