TED2007
Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines
Adam Grossert和他的可持续冰箱
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Adam Grosser的项目是关于建造一种不需使用电的冰箱，并利用它把重要的需要冷藏的医疗物品运往世界各地的村庄和诊所。目前通过对一些旧技术的调整，他已经有一套系统可以做到这一点。
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalist
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
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This is a work in process,
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这项工作目前还在进行中
00:16
based on some comments that were made
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主要是基于先前的一些意见
00:19
at TED two years ago
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两年前在TED所提出的
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about the need for the storage of vaccine.
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关于疫苗的储藏问题
00:24
(Music)
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（音乐）
00:25
(Video) Narrator: On this planet,
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在29年以前，我有这样一位热能学老师。
00:26
1.6 billion people
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他讲过一些关于吸收作用和制冷的相关知识
00:28
don't have access to electricity,
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之后我一直詺记于心中
00:30
refrigeration
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它有些像斯特林发动机
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or stored fuels.
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它很厉害但是你不知道它能用在什么地方
00:38
This is a problem.
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1858年Ferdinand Carre发明了它
00:40
It impacts:
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但是他没法制造出来
00:44
the spread of disease,
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因为当时的工具条件不允许
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the storage of food and medicine
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后来有个疯狂的加拿大人Powell Crosley
00:49
and the quality of life.
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在1928年將这个项目商业化，命名為Icyball
00:52
So here's the plan: inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity,
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这是个绝妙的想法
00:55
propane, gas, kerosene or consumables.
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但我会告诉大家为什么没有成功
01:00
Time for some thermodynamics.
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先解析一下运作原理
01:02
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator.
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这里有两个半球体，中间有一定的距离。
01:05
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
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一个装有工作介质，含水和氨。
01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration.
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另一个是冷凝器
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It's one of those things that stuck in my head.
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当你將一侧加热时，热的这一侧
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It was a lot like the Stirling engine:
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氨开始蒸发
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it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
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然后它会在另一侧重新凝固
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And it was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carre,
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之后让它降到室温
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but he couldn't actually build anything with it
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当氨重新蒸发时会与水结合
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because of the tools of the time.
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回到先前的热的一侧
01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley
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它会产生很强大的制冷效果
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commercialized this thing called the IcyBall in 1928,
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这个想法虽然很好，但是不可行：它会炸掉
01:29
and it was a really neat idea,
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因为用氨会产生很大的压力
01:31
and I'll get to why it didn't work,
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如果你的加热不当
01:32
but here's how it works.
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压力会超过每平方寸400磅，有毒的氨会四处飞溅。
01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
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但这个想法很不错。
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One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
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所以到了2006年事情有了进展
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
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我们可以用很多数据来计算研究
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
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我们还得到斯坦福大学
01:42
The ammonia evaporates
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热力学系的参与
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and it re-condenses in the other side.
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基于大量流体力学的研究计算
01:46
You let it cool to room temperature,
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我们证明了大部分关于氨制冷的数据是错的
01:47
and then, as the ammonia re-evaporates and combines with the water
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我们发现了一些无毒的制冷剂
01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
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能於極低蒸汽压下運作
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it creates a powerful cooling effect.
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这是从英国小组那里带来的——
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So, it was a great idea that didn't work at all: it blew up.
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他們有很多优秀的冷冻学人才
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Because using ammonia you get hugely high pressures
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在英国——
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if you heated them wrong.
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并建立了一个试验台，并证明了
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It topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic. It sprayed everywhere.
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我们可以造出低压力，无毒的制冷器
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But it was kind of an interesting thought.
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以下是运作原理
02:10
So, the great thing about 2006 is
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你可以在煮食炉灶上加热它
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there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
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全世界大部分人都有煮食炉灶吧
02:16
So, we got the whole thermodynamics department
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无论燃料是骆驼粪便或木材。
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at Stanford involved --
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加热30分钟，之后凉一个小时
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a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
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把它放入容器中
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We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
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那么它就可以制冷24个小时
02:25
We found some non-toxic refrigerants
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它看上去是这样的，这是第5个样机，还不是太完美。
02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
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重大约8磅，它是这样用的。
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Brought in a team from the U.K. --
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把它放入一个15升的容器中，大约三加仑，
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there's a lot of great refrigeration people,
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它就可以冷却到冰点之上
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it turned out, in the U.K. --
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高于冰点3度
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and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
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在30度的环境中保持24小时，而且它很便宜。
02:37
we could make a low pressure, non-toxic refrigerator.
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我们可以大批量的制造，价格约25美元。
02:41
So, this is the way it works.
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小批量的价格约40美元。
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
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我们可以造出
02:43
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
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任何人都能拥有的冰箱
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whether it's camel dung or wood.
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谢谢
02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
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（鼓掌）
02:50
Put it into a container
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02:53
and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
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02:55
It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype. It's not quite done.
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02:59
Weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
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03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
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03:06
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
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03:08
three degrees above freezing --
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03:10
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap.
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03:13
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
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03:16
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
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03:18
And we think we can make refrigeration
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03:21
something that everybody can have.
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03:22
Thank you.
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03:23
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalistAdam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary.
Why you should listen
Adam Grosser is a venture capitalist, working with startups that are exploring new ideas in data communications, electronics and energy management. With a background in engineering and entertainment, he enjoys looking for opportunities that map over a few of his passions -- which also include greentech.
His passion for a sustainable solution to refrigeration -- for storing food and medicines -- led to the project he describes in his 2007 TEDTalk.
Adam Grosser | Speaker | TED.com