TED2007
Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines
Adam Grosser og hans bæredygtige køleskab
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Adam Grosser taler om et projekt, der handler om at bygge et køleskab, der fungerer uden elektricitet, og om at bringe dette afgørende redskab ud til landsbyer og klinikker i hele verden. Ved at tilpasse gammel teknologi har han opfundet et system, der virker.
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalist
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
This is a work in process,
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Dette er et projekt under stadig udvikling
00:16
based on some comments that were made
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baseret på nogle bemærkninger, der blev givet
00:19
at TED two years ago
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hos TED for to år siden
00:20
about the need for the storage of vaccine.
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omkring behovet for opbevaring af vaccine.
00:24
(Music)
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(Musik)
00:25
(Video) Narrator: On this planet,
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[ På denne planet ]
00:26
1.6 billion people
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[ har 1,6 milliarder mennesker ]
00:28
don't have access to electricity,
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[ ikke adgang til elektricitet ]
00:30
refrigeration
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[ køling ]
00:34
or stored fuels.
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[ eller opbevaret brændstof ]
00:38
This is a problem.
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[ dette er et problem ]
00:40
It impacts:
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[ der har indflydelse på: ]
00:44
the spread of disease,
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[ spredning af sygdomme ]
00:46
the storage of food and medicine
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[ opbevaring af mad og medicin ]
00:49
and the quality of life.
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[ og livskvalitet ]
00:52
So here's the plan: inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity,
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[ her er planen: billig køling, der ikke har brug for elektricitet ... ]
00:55
propane, gas, kerosene or consumables.
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[ ... gas, benzin, petroleum eller forbrugsvarer ]
01:00
Time for some thermodynamics.
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[ det er tid til noget varmelære ]
01:02
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator.
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og historien om "Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator".
01:05
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
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For 29 år siden havde jeg en underviser i varmelære,
01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration.
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som underviste i absorbering og køling.
01:10
It's one of those things that stuck in my head.
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Det var en af de der ting, der blev hængende i mine tanker.
01:12
It was a lot like the Stirling engine:
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Det var meget ligesom "Stirling" maskinen:
01:13
it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
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den var cool, men man vidste ikke, hvad man skulle bruge den til.
01:16
And it was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carre,
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Den blev opfundet i 1858 af fyren Ferdinand Carre,
01:19
but he couldn't actually build anything with it
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men han kunne ikke bruge den til noget
01:20
because of the tools of the time.
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på grund af datidens værktøj.
01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley
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En skør canadier ved navn Powell Crosley
01:27
commercialized this thing called the IcyBall in 1928,
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kommercialiserede en ting kaldet "the Icyball" i 1928,
01:29
and it was a really neat idea,
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og det var en rigtig fin ide,
01:31
and I'll get to why it didn't work,
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og jeg vil snart fortælle hvorfor det ikke virkede,
01:32
but here's how it works.
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men her er, hvordan det virker.
01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
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Der er to sfærer som er adskilt med mellemrum.
01:36
One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
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Den ene har en arbejdsvæske, vand og ammoniak,
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
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og den anden er en kondensator.
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
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Man opvarmer den ene side - den varme side.
01:42
The ammonia evaporates
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Ammoniaken fordamper
01:43
and it re-condenses in the other side.
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og den kondenserer på den anden side.
01:46
You let it cool to room temperature,
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Man lader det køle ned til stuetemperatur,
01:47
and then, as the ammonia re-evaporates and combines with the water
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og mens ammoniakken fordamper igen og forbinder sig med vandet
01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
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tilbage på den tidligere varme side,
01:52
it creates a powerful cooling effect.
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dannes der en kraftig køleeffekt.
01:55
So, it was a great idea that didn't work at all: it blew up.
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Det var en fantastisk ide, der slet ikke virkede - den sprængte i luften.
01:58
Because using ammonia you get hugely high pressures
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Fordi ved at bruge ammoniak får man meget store tryk
02:03
if you heated them wrong.
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hvis man opvarmer det forkert.
02:04
It topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic. It sprayed everywhere.
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Det nåede 400 psi. Ammoniakken var giftig. Det sprøjtede ud over alt.
02:08
But it was kind of an interesting thought.
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Men det var nu en meget interessant ide.
02:10
So, the great thing about 2006 is
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Det gode ved 2006 er,
02:13
there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
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at der er masser af beregningsmæssigt arbejde der kan udføres.
02:16
So, we got the whole thermodynamics department
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Så vi involverede hele den termodynamiske afdeling
02:19
at Stanford involved --
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hos Stanford.
02:20
a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
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En masse beregninger på væskedynamik.
02:22
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
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Vi beviste, at de fleste tabeller for køleanlæg baseret på ammoniak er fejlagtige.
02:25
We found some non-toxic refrigerants
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Vi opdagede nogle ugiftige kølestoffer,
02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
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der virkede ved meget lavt tryk.
02:29
Brought in a team from the U.K. --
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Bragte et team ind fra England --
02:32
there's a lot of great refrigeration people,
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der viste sig at være en masse
02:33
it turned out, in the U.K. --
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fantastiske køleeksperter i England --
02:35
and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
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og byggede en prototype og beviste, at vi faktisk
02:37
we could make a low pressure, non-toxic refrigerator.
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godt kunne lave en ugiftig lavtrykskøler.
02:41
So, this is the way it works.
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Den virker sådan her.
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
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Man sætter den over ild.
02:43
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
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De fleste mennesker laver mad over åben ild,
02:45
whether it's camel dung or wood.
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om så det er med kamelafføring eller træ.
02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
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Den opvarmes i ca. 30 minutter og skal så afkøle i en time.
02:50
Put it into a container
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Sæt den i en beholder,
02:53
and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
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og den kan køle i 24 timer.
02:55
It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype. It's not quite done.
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Den ser sådan ud. Dette er den femte prototype. Den er ikke helt færdig.
02:59
Weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
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Den vejer ca. 3,6 kg og fungerer sådan her:
03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
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Sæt den ind i en 15-liters beholder, ca. 3 gallons,
03:06
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
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og den vil køle beholderen ned til lige over frysepunktet,
03:08
three degrees above freezing --
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tre grader over frysepunktet,
03:10
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap.
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i 24 timer i et 30 grader varmt miljø. Det er rigtig billigt.
03:13
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
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Vi mener, vi kan bygge disse i store mængder for ca. 25 dollars,
03:16
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
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i mindre mængder for ca. 40 dollars.
03:18
And we think we can make refrigeration
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Og vi mener, vi kan gøre køling
03:21
something that everybody can have.
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til noget, som alle kan få.
03:22
Thank you.
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Mange tak.
03:23
(Applause)
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(Klapsalver)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalistAdam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary.
Why you should listen
Adam Grosser is a venture capitalist, working with startups that are exploring new ideas in data communications, electronics and energy management. With a background in engineering and entertainment, he enjoys looking for opportunities that map over a few of his passions -- which also include greentech.
His passion for a sustainable solution to refrigeration -- for storing food and medicines -- led to the project he describes in his 2007 TEDTalk.
Adam Grosser | Speaker | TED.com