TED2007
Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines
Adam Grosserの持続型冷蔵庫
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Adam Grosserが世界の村落や医療機関で活気的な役割を果たすであろう、電力いらずの冷却器の製作プロジェクトについて話します。過去の実績のある技術を応用して、機能するシステムを実現しました。
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalist
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
This is a work in process,
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これは現在進行中のプロジェクトで
00:16
based on some comments that were made
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２年前にTEDで取り上げられた
00:19
at TED two years ago
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ワクチンの保管場所
00:20
about the need for the storage of vaccine.
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の必要性に基づくものです。
00:24
(Music)
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（♪音楽♪）
00:25
(Video) Narrator: On this planet,
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２９年前、ある先生が熱吸収と冷却について
00:26
1.6 billion people
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話してくれたんですが、
00:28
don't have access to electricity,
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それがずっと頭からはなれなくて。そう！
00:30
refrigeration
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スターリングエンジンみたいな
00:34
or stored fuels.
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すごいけど、だからどうしろ？ってかんじで。
00:38
This is a problem.
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さて、熱吸収型冷蔵庫というのは１８５８年にFerdinand Carreが
00:40
It impacts:
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発明しましたが、当時の技術では
00:44
the spread of disease,
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実際に形にはできなかったんです。
00:46
the storage of food and medicine
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その後カナダ人のPowell Crosleyが
00:49
and the quality of life.
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Icyballという物を１９８２年に発売しました。
00:52
So here's the plan: inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity,
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斬新なアイディアだったんですが、
00:55
propane, gas, kerosene or consumables.
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失敗談は後で説明するとして、
01:00
Time for some thermodynamics.
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仕組みはこうです。
01:02
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator.
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２つのパイプでつながれた球体の中の
01:05
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
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１つには冷媒吸収液のアンモニア水溶液、
01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration.
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片方には放熱器が入っています。
01:10
It's one of those things that stuck in my head.
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アンモニア水溶液を加熱すると、
01:12
It was a lot like the Stirling engine:
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アンモニアが蒸発して、
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it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
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もう片方に液体で濃縮されます。
01:16
And it was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carre,
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熱を下げてやるにつれて、
01:19
but he couldn't actually build anything with it
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アンモニアが再度蒸発し、暖かかった片方の水に
01:20
because of the tools of the time.
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再び吸収され、
01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley
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冷却効果が起こります。
01:27
commercialized this thing called the IcyBall in 1928,
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良いアイディアでしたが、うまくいきませんでした。爆発したんです。
01:29
and it was a really neat idea,
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アンモニアの熱し方を間違えると、
01:31
and I'll get to why it didn't work,
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大変な気圧が発生し
01:32
but here's how it works.
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４００psiまで達します。有毒性のアンモニアが飛び散ったという訳です。
01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
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でも、理にかなったアイディアでした。
01:36
One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
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さて、２００６年に
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
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本当にすぐれたコンピュータが使えるようになって、
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
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スタンフォード大学の
01:42
The ammonia evaporates
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熱力学科と
01:43
and it re-condenses in the other side.
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数値流体力学者とが協力して
01:46
You let it cool to room temperature,
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アンモニアを用いた冷却器の数値は誤りであることを証明しました。
01:47
and then, as the ammonia re-evaporates and combines with the water
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そして、低蒸気圧で働く、毒性のない冷媒も
01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
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発見しました。
01:52
it creates a powerful cooling effect.
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UKからチームを引き連れて
01:55
So, it was a great idea that didn't work at all: it blew up.
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熱冷却について
01:58
Because using ammonia you get hugely high pressures
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すぐれた方々と試験装置を作りました。
02:03
if you heated them wrong.
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そして、低圧力で毒性のない
02:04
It topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic. It sprayed everywhere.
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冷却器が可能な事を証明しました。
02:08
But it was kind of an interesting thought.
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仕組みはこうです。
02:10
So, the great thing about 2006 is
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まず加熱します。
02:13
there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
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世界中みんな火をつかいますよね、
02:16
So, we got the whole thermodynamics department
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らくだの糞にしろ、薪にしろ。
02:19
at Stanford involved --
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３０分加熱して、１時間冷ました後、
02:20
a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
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容器に入れると、
02:22
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
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２４時間保冷効果が得られます。
02:25
We found some non-toxic refrigerants
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完璧ではありませんが、これが５代目の原型です。
02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
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重さは約８パウンドで、効果はというと、
02:29
Brought in a team from the U.K. --
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１５リットルの容器に入れて
02:32
there's a lot of great refrigeration people,
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氷点の少し上くらいまでに冷却します
02:33
it turned out, in the U.K. --
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３０度の環境で
02:35
and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
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２４時間冷却効果が持続します。とても安く、
02:37
we could make a low pressure, non-toxic refrigerator.
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大量ですと＄２５で、少量でも、
02:41
So, this is the way it works.
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＄４０で生産できます。
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
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冷蔵庫を誰もが手にできる物に
02:43
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
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できると思っています。
02:45
whether it's camel dung or wood.
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ありがとうございました。
02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
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（拍手）
02:50
Put it into a container
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02:53
and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
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02:55
It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype. It's not quite done.
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02:59
Weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
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03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
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03:06
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
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03:08
three degrees above freezing --
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03:10
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap.
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03:13
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
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03:16
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
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03:18
And we think we can make refrigeration
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03:21
something that everybody can have.
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03:22
Thank you.
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03:23
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalistAdam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary.
Why you should listen
Adam Grosser is a venture capitalist, working with startups that are exploring new ideas in data communications, electronics and energy management. With a background in engineering and entertainment, he enjoys looking for opportunities that map over a few of his passions -- which also include greentech.
His passion for a sustainable solution to refrigeration -- for storing food and medicines -- led to the project he describes in his 2007 TEDTalk.
Adam Grosser | Speaker | TED.com