TED2007
Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines
Adam Grosser in njegov trajnostni hladilnik
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Adam Grossner govori o projektu izdelave hladilnika, ki deluje brez elektrike, in kako s tem orodjem oskrbeti vasi in klinike po celem svetu. S predrugačenjem stare tehnologije je prišel do sistema, ki deluje.
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalist
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
This is a work in process,
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To je projekt v delu,
00:16
based on some comments that were made
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ki izvira iz komentarjev izjavljenih
00:19
at TED two years ago
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na TED-u pred dvema letoma
00:20
about the need for the storage of vaccine.
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o potrebi po zabojniku za cepiva.
00:24
(Music)
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(Glasba)
00:25
(Video) Narrator: On this planet,
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[ Na tem planetu ]
00:26
1.6 billion people
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[ 1,6 milijarde ljudi ]
00:28
don't have access to electricity,
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[ nima elektrike ]
00:30
refrigeration
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[ hladilnika ]
00:34
or stored fuels.
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[ ali shranjenih goriv ]
00:38
This is a problem.
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[ to je problem, ki ]
00:40
It impacts:
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[ vpliva na: ]
00:44
the spread of disease,
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[ razširjanje bolezni ]
00:46
the storage of food and medicine
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[ shranjevanje hrane in zdravil ]
00:49
and the quality of life.
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[ in kakovost življenja ]
00:52
So here's the plan: inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity,
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[ načrt je tak: ceneno hlajenje, ki ni odvisno od elektrike ... ]
00:55
propane, gas, kerosene or consumables.
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[ ... propana, plina, kerozina ali podobnega ]
01:00
Time for some thermodynamics.
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[ čas je za malo termodinamike... ]
01:02
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator.
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[ in zgodbo o hladilniku z intermitentno absorpcijo ]
01:05
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
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Torej, pred 29. leti sem imel učitelja termodinamike,
01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration.
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ki je govoril o absorpciji in hlajenju.
01:10
It's one of those things that stuck in my head.
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To je ena tistih stvari, ki so mi ostale v glavi.
01:12
It was a lot like the Stirling engine:
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Bilo je precej podobno Stirlingovem motorju -
01:13
it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
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bilo je fino, ampak nisi vedel, kaj narediti z njim.
01:16
And it was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carre,
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Leta 1858 ga je izumil možak z imenom Ferdinand Carre,
01:19
but he couldn't actually build anything with it
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ampak z njim si ni mogel pomagati
01:20
because of the tools of the time.
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zaradi takratnega omejenega nabora orodij.
01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley
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Nor Kanadčan, imenovan Powell Crosley,
01:27
commercialized this thing called the IcyBall in 1928,
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je komercializiral stvar z imenom Icyball leta 1928,
01:29
and it was a really neat idea,
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in je bila zelo luštna ideja...
01:31
and I'll get to why it didn't work,
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... povedal bom, zakaj ni delovala,
01:32
but here's how it works.
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ampak najprej: zakaj deluje.
01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
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Imamo dve med seboj oddaljeni krogli.
01:36
One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
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Ena ima delovno tekočino, vodo in amonijak,
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
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in druga je utekočinjevalec.
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
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Ogrejemo en del, vroč del.
01:42
The ammonia evaporates
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Amonijak izhlapi
01:43
and it re-condenses in the other side.
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in se ponovno utekočini na drugi strani.
01:46
You let it cool to room temperature,
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Pustimo, da se shladi na sobno temperaturo,
01:47
and then, as the ammonia re-evaporates and combines with the water
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in potem ko amonijak ponovno izhlapi in se zmeša z vodo,
01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
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na prej omenjeni vroči strani
01:52
it creates a powerful cooling effect.
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povzroči močno ohlajanje.
01:55
So, it was a great idea that didn't work at all: it blew up.
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To je bila torej ta odlična ideja, ki nikakor ni delovala - komori je razneslo.
01:58
Because using ammonia you get hugely high pressures
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Zaradi uporabe amonijaka dobimo ogromne pritiske,
02:03
if you heated them wrong.
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če ga narobe segrejemo.
02:04
It topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic. It sprayed everywhere.
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Najvišje si lahko dosegel 400 psi. Amonijak je bil strupen. Vsepovsod ga je škropilo.
02:08
But it was kind of an interesting thought.
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Ampak misel je bila zanimiva.
02:10
So, the great thing about 2006 is
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Torej, dobra stvar leta 2006 je ta,
02:13
there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
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da lahko opravimo precej računskega dela.
02:16
So, we got the whole thermodynamics department
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K delu smo povabili celoten oddelek za termodinamiko
02:19
at Stanford involved --
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na Stanfordu.
02:20
a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
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Opravili ogromno računske dinamike tekočin.
02:22
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
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Dokazali smo, da je večina ohlajevalnih tabel za amonijak napačnih.
02:25
We found some non-toxic refrigerants
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Našli smo nekaj nestrupenih hladiv,
02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
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ki so delovali na zelo nizkih izparilnih tlakih.
02:29
Brought in a team from the U.K. --
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Pripeljali smo ekipo iz Združenega kraljestva -
02:32
there's a lot of great refrigeration people,
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tam je veliko ljudi, ki se ukvarja z hlajenjem,
02:33
it turned out, in the U.K. --
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kot se je izkazalo -
02:35
and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
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in zgradili poizkusno opremo ter pokazali, da v bistvu
02:37
we could make a low pressure, non-toxic refrigerator.
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lahko naredimo nizko-tlačni, nestrupeni hladilnik.
02:41
So, this is the way it works.
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In takole deluje.
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
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Pustimo ga na kuhinjskem ognju.
02:43
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
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Večina ljudi na svetu ima ogenj za kuho,
02:45
whether it's camel dung or wood.
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pa naj bodo to kamelji iztrebki ali les.
02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
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Ogreva se približno 30 minut, ohlaja pa kako uro.
02:50
Put it into a container
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Postavimo ga v škatlo
02:53
and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
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in hladil jo bo 24 ur.
02:55
It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype. It's not quite done.
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Izgleda takole. To je peti prototip. Ni še čisto dokončan.
02:59
Weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
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Tehta približno 3,5 kilograma, deluje pa takole.
03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
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Postavimo ga v 15-litrsko komoro,
03:06
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
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in shladil jo bo skoraj do ledišča,
03:08
three degrees above freezing --
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tri stopinje nad lediščem
03:10
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap.
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za 24 ur v okolici s 30 stopinjami Celzija. In to zelo poceni.
03:13
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
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Mislimo, da jih lahko proizvajamo v velikih količinah za 25 ameriških dolarjev,
03:16
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
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v manjših količinah pa za 40 ameriških dolarjev.
03:18
And we think we can make refrigeration
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In mislimo, da lahko naredimo hlajenje
03:21
something that everybody can have.
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dostopno vsakomur.
03:22
Thank you.
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Hvala lepa.
03:23
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalistAdam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary.
Why you should listen
Adam Grosser is a venture capitalist, working with startups that are exploring new ideas in data communications, electronics and energy management. With a background in engineering and entertainment, he enjoys looking for opportunities that map over a few of his passions -- which also include greentech.
His passion for a sustainable solution to refrigeration -- for storing food and medicines -- led to the project he describes in his 2007 TEDTalk.
Adam Grosser | Speaker | TED.com