TED2007
Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines
Adam Grosser a jeho dlhodobo udržateľná chladnička.
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Adam Grosser hovorí o projekte na vybudovanie chladničky, ktorá funguje bez elektriny, čo by spravilo tento dôležitý nástroj dostupným v dedinách a klinikách po celom svete. Grosser vylepšil staršiu technológiu a vymyslel systém, ktorý funguje.
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalist
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
This is a work in process,
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Na tomto projekte stále pracujeme
00:16
based on some comments that were made
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a je založený na príspevkoch
00:19
at TED two years ago
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z TEDu spred dvoch rokov
00:20
about the need for the storage of vaccine.
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o potrebe skladovania vakcín.
00:24
(Music)
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(Hudba)
00:25
(Video) Narrator: On this planet,
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[ Na tejto planéte ]
00:26
1.6 billion people
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[ 1,6 miliárd ľudí ]
00:28
don't have access to electricity,
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[ nemá prístup k elektrine, ]
00:30
refrigeration
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[ chladeniu ]
00:34
or stored fuels.
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[ alebo uskladniteľným palivám. ]
00:38
This is a problem.
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[ Je to problém, ]
00:40
It impacts:
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[ ktorý ovplyvňuje: ]
00:44
the spread of disease,
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[ šírenie chorôb, ]
00:46
the storage of food and medicine
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[ skladovanie jedla a liekov ]
00:49
and the quality of life.
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[ a kvalitu života. ]
00:52
So here's the plan: inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity,
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[ Tu je náš plán: nenákladné chladenie bez využitia elektriny... ]
00:55
propane, gas, kerosene or consumables.
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[ ... propánu, benzínu, petroleja alebo spotrebného tovaru. ]
01:00
Time for some thermodynamics.
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[ Teraz trochu termodynamiky. ]
01:02
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator.
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Príbeh o intermitentnej absorbčnej chladničke]
01:05
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
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Takže pred 29 rokmi som mal jedného učiteľa termodynamiky,
01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration.
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ktorý hovoril o absorbcii a chladení.
01:10
It's one of those things that stuck in my head.
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Je to jedna z vecí, ktoré mi akosi ostali v hlave.
01:12
It was a lot like the Stirling engine:
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Podobalo sa to na Stirlingov motor.
01:13
it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
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Bolo to super, ale nevedeli ste, čo s tým ďalej.
01:16
And it was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carre,
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Prišiel na to v roku 1858 chlapík menom Ferdinand Carre,
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but he couldn't actually build anything with it
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ale nemohol podľa toho nič postaviť,
01:20
because of the tools of the time.
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pretože v tom čase na to neboli prístroje.
01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley
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Istý bláznivý Kanaďan, Powell Crosley,
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commercialized this thing called the IcyBall in 1928,
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začal v roku 1928 predávať vec nazvanú Icyball (ľadová guľa)
01:29
and it was a really neat idea,
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a bol to veľmi dobrý nápad,
01:31
and I'll get to why it didn't work,
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za chvíľu sa dostanem k tomu, prečo to nevyšlo,
01:32
but here's how it works.
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ale najprv vám poviem, ako to funguje.
01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
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Sú dve od seba vzdialené gule.
01:36
One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
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V jednej je účinná látka, voda a amoniak,
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
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druhá je kondenzátor.
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
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Zahrejeme jednu stranu, tú horúcu.
01:42
The ammonia evaporates
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Amoniak sa odparí
01:43
and it re-condenses in the other side.
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a znova kondenzuje na druhej strane.
01:46
You let it cool to room temperature,
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Necháme schladiť na izbovú teplotu
01:47
and then, as the ammonia re-evaporates and combines with the water
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a potom, ako sa amoniak znova odparuje a mieša s vodou
01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
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na pôvodnej horúcej strane,
01:52
it creates a powerful cooling effect.
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vytvára silný chladiaci efekt.
01:55
So, it was a great idea that didn't work at all: it blew up.
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Bol to výborný nápad, ktorý vobec nefungoval - vybuchol.
01:58
Because using ammonia you get hugely high pressures
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Pretože keď používate amoniak, vznikajú pri nesprávnom zahriatí
02:03
if you heated them wrong.
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obrovské tlaky.
02:04
It topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic. It sprayed everywhere.
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Skoro 3 milióny paskalov. Amoniak bol jedovatý a striekal všade naokolo.
02:08
But it was kind of an interesting thought.
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Ale bola to zaujímavá myšlienka.
02:10
So, the great thing about 2006 is
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Skvelé na roku 2006 je to, že
02:13
there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
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dokážeme urobiť neskutočné výpočty.
02:16
So, we got the whole thermodynamics department
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Takže sme zapojili celé Stanfordské
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at Stanford involved --
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oddelenie termodynamiky.
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a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
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Veľa výpočtovej mechaniky plynov.
02:22
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
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Dokázali sme, že väčšina tabuliek chladenia amoniaku je nesprávna.
02:25
We found some non-toxic refrigerants
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Našli sme netoxické chladiace prvky,
02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
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ktoré pracujú pri veľmi nízkom parnom tlaku.
02:29
Brought in a team from the U.K. --
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Zapojili sme aj tím z Veľkej Británie,
02:32
there's a lot of great refrigeration people,
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ukázalo sa, že v Británii je veľa
02:33
it turned out, in the U.K. --
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vynikajúcich chladničkárov,
02:35
and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
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a zostrojili sme pokusný prístroj, na ktorom sme dokázali,
02:37
we could make a low pressure, non-toxic refrigerator.
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že vieme vyrobiť netoxickú chladničku pracujúcu pri nízkom tlaku.
02:41
So, this is the way it works.
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Takže takto to funguje.
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
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Položíte to na ohnisko.
02:43
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
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Väčšina ľudí na svete má oheň,
02:45
whether it's camel dung or wood.
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či už pália ťaví trus alebo drevo.
02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
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Zohrieva sa to asi 30 minút a ochladí asi za hodinu.
02:50
Put it into a container
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Položte to do nádoby alebo kontajnera
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and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
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a bude ho to ochladzovať 24 hodín.
02:55
It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype. It's not quite done.
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Vyzerá to takto. Toto je piaty prototyp. Nie je to úplne hotové.
02:59
Weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
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Váži to okolo 3 a pol kila a takto to funguje.
03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
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Položte to do 15 litrovej nádoby
03:06
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
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a ono ju to ochladí tesne nad bod mrazu,
03:08
three degrees above freezing --
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3 stupne nad bod mrazu,
03:10
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap.
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24 hodín v prostredí s teplotou 30 stupňov Celzia. Je to skutočne lacné.
03:13
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
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Predpokladáme, že by sme ich vedeli vyrábať vo veľkom za 25 dolárov,
03:16
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
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a v malom za 40 dolárov.
03:18
And we think we can make refrigeration
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Veríme, že dokážeme, aby bola chladnička niečo,
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something that everybody can have.
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čo môže mať každý.
03:22
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
03:23
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalistAdam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary.
Why you should listen
Adam Grosser is a venture capitalist, working with startups that are exploring new ideas in data communications, electronics and energy management. With a background in engineering and entertainment, he enjoys looking for opportunities that map over a few of his passions -- which also include greentech.
His passion for a sustainable solution to refrigeration -- for storing food and medicines -- led to the project he describes in his 2007 TEDTalk.
Adam Grosser | Speaker | TED.com