ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nikolai Begg - Mechanical engineer
Nikolai Begg is a PhD candidate in mechanical engineering whose passion is rethinking medical devices.

Why you should listen
Since Nikolai Begg first saw robotic surgery performed as a thirteen-year-old, he has been in love with building things to help others. Now as a PhD Candidate in mechanical engineering at MIT, Begg works on designs to improve any number of things in people's lives -- from salt and pepper shakers that always stay in the same position relative to one another to a non-invasive female urinary catheter. He's especially passionate about how he can apply physics and mechanical principles to medical devices. In 2013 he won the annual Lemelson-MIT Student Prize for Invention, for a product that makes more precise incisions during surgery.
More profile about the speaker
Nikolai Begg | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxBeaconStreet

Nikolai Begg: A tool to fix one of the most dangerous moments in surgery

Nikolai Begg: Instrument koji rješava jedan od najopasnijih trenutaka u kirurgiji

Filmed:
1,373,990 views

Svaki dan kirurzi su primorani probijati kožu ljudima prije zahvata - riskirajući tako ozljedu tkiva s druge stane. U fascinantnom govoru, otkrijte kako student strojarstva Nikolai Begg koristi fiziku kako bi unaprijedio važan medicinski instrument, trokar, i kako bi poboljšao jedan od najopasnijih trenutaka u mnogim uobičajenim operacijama.
- Mechanical engineer
Nikolai Begg is a PhD candidate in mechanical engineering whose passion is rethinking medical devices. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
The first time I stoodstajao
in the operatingradni roomsoba
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879
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Prvi puta kada sam se nalazio
u operacijskoj sali
00:14
and watchedgledao a realstvaran surgerykirurgija,
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i promatrao pravu operaciju,
00:16
I had no ideaideja what to expectočekivati.
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nisam imao pojma što mogu očekivati.
00:19
I was a collegekoledž studentstudent in engineeringinženjering.
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1975
Studirao sam strojarstvo,
00:21
I thought it was going to be like on TVTV.
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mislio sam da će biti kao na televiziji.
00:23
OminousPrijeteći musicglazba playingigranje in the backgroundpozadina,
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Zlokobna glazba u pozadini,
00:25
beadskuglice of sweatznoj pouringkoji lije down the surgeon'skirurg facelice.
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grašci znoja kako klize
niz kirurgovo lice.
00:28
But it wasn'tnije like that at all.
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No, uopće nije bilo tako.
00:30
There was musicglazba playingigranje on this day,
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Taj dan svirala je glazba,
00:32
I think it was Madonna'sMadonna je greatestnajveći hitshitovi. (LaughterSmijeh)
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mislim da su bili Madonnini
najveći hitovi. (Smijeh)
00:34
And there was plentymnogo of conversationrazgovor,
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I puno se razgovaralo,
00:36
not just about the patient'sbolesnički heartsrce ratestopa,
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ne samo o pacijentovu radu srca,
00:38
but about sportssportski and weekendvikend plansplanovi.
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već i o sportu i planovima za vikend.
00:41
And sinceod then, the more surgeriesOperacija I watchedgledao,
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I otada, što sam više operacija promatao,
00:43
the more I realizedshvatio this is how it is.
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to sam više shvaćao
da to upravo tako izgleda.
00:45
In some weirdčudan way, it's just
anotherjoš day at the officeured.
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Na neki čudan način, to je kao
uobičajen dan u uredu.
00:48
But everysvaki so oftenčesto
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Ali svako malo
00:50
the musicglazba getsdobiva turnedokrenut down,
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glazba utihne,
00:52
everyonesvatko stopszaustavlja talkingkoji govori,
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razgovor prestane,
00:53
and stareszuri at exactlytočno the sameisti thing.
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a napeti pogledi su svima jednaki.
00:56
And that's when you know
that something absolutelyapsolutno criticalkritično
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Tada znate da se nešto jako kritično
00:58
and dangerousopasno is happeningdogađa.
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i opasno događa.
01:01
The first time I saw that
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Prvi puta kada sam to vidio
01:02
I was watchinggledanje a typetip of surgerykirurgija
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promatrao sam
01:03
calledzvao laparoscopiclaparoskopska surgerykirurgija
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laparoskopsku operaciju.
01:05
And for those of you who are unfamiliarnepoznato,
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Za vas koji niste upućeni,
01:08
laparoscopiclaparoskopska surgerykirurgija, insteadumjesto of the largeveliki
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laparoskopska operacija,
za razliku od velikog
01:10
openotvoren incisionrez you mightmoć
be used to with surgerykirurgija,
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otvorenog zahvata koji vjerojatno
vežete uz operaciju,
01:13
a laparoscopiclaparoskopska surgerykirurgija
is where the surgeonkirurg createsstvara
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zahvat je kod kojeg kirurg napravi
01:15
these threetri or more smallmali
incisionsrezova in the patientpacijent.
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tri ili više malih rezova na pacijentu.
01:18
And then insertsUmeće these long, thintanak instrumentsinstrumenti
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Onda ugura dugačke tanke instrumente
01:21
and a camerafotoaparat,
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i kameru,
01:22
and actuallyzapravo does the procedurepostupak insideiznutra the patientpacijent.
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i obavi operaciju unutar pacijenta.
01:26
This is great because there's
much lessmanje riskrizik of infectioninfekcija,
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Ovo je odlično jer postoji
mnogo manji rizik od infekcije,
01:28
much lessmanje painbol, shorterkraće recoveryoporavak time.
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manje boli i kraći je oporavak.
01:32
But there is a trade-offtrade-off,
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No, tome ima i druga strana,
01:34
because these incisionsrezova are createdstvorio
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budući da se ovi rezovi rade
01:36
with a long, pointedšiljast deviceuređaj
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dugačkim zašiljenim instrumentom
01:38
calledzvao a trocarTrocar.
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koji se zove trokar.
01:40
And the way the surgeonkirurg usesnamjene this deviceuređaj
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Kirurg koristi ovaj instrument
01:42
is that he takes it
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tako da ga uzme
01:44
and he pressespreše it into the abdomentrbuh
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i pritisne u trbuh
01:46
untildo it puncturesuboda throughkroz.
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sve dok ga ne probuši.
01:49
And now the reasonrazlog why
everyonesvatko in the operatingradni roomsoba
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Razlog zašto su svi u operacijskoj sali
01:52
was staringzurenje at that deviceuređaj on that day
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zurili u taj instrument tog dana
01:54
was because he had to be absolutelyapsolutno carefulpažljiv
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bio je što je kirurg morao
neizmjerno paziti
01:58
not to plungeUronite it throughkroz
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da njime
01:59
and puncturepunkcija it into the organsorgana
and bloodkrv vesselsposuđe belowispod.
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ne ošteti organe i žile.
02:03
But this problemproblem should seemčiniti se
prettyprilično familiarupoznat to all of you
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Ovaj problem bi svima vama
trebao biti poznat
02:05
because I'm prettyprilično sure
you've seenvidio it somewherenegdje elsedrugo.
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jer sam siguran da ste ga
već negdje imali.
02:08
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
02:10
RememberSjećam se this?
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Sjećate li se ovoga?
02:11
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak)
02:15
You knewznao that at any seconddrugi
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Znali ste da će svakog trenutka
02:17
that strawslama was going to plungeUronite throughkroz,
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slamka probiti opnu,
02:19
and you didn't know if it was
going to go out the other sidestrana
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i niste znali hoće li izići na drugi kraj
02:21
and straightravno into your handruka,
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i ravno u vašu ruku,
02:22
or if you were going to
get juicesok everywheresvugdje, posvuda,
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ili ćete sve zaliti sokom,
02:24
but you were terrifiedprestrašena. Right?
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no bili ste prestravljeni, zar ne?
02:27
EverySvaki singlesingl time you did this,
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Svaki put kada ste to radili,
02:29
you experiencediskusan the sameisti
fundamentalosnovni physicsfizika
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iskusili ste istu temeljnu fiziku
02:32
that I was watchinggledanje in the operatingradni roomsoba that day.
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koju sam ja promatrao u sali taj dan.
02:35
And it turnsokreti out it really is a problemproblem.
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I to zaista jest problem.
02:37
In 2003, the FDAFDA actuallyzapravo camedošao out and said
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Američka agencija za hranu i lijekove
2003. godine izjavila je
02:40
that trocarTrocar incisionsrezova mightmoć
be the mostnajviše dangerousopasno stepkorak
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da su rezovi trokarom
vjerojatno najopasniji korak
02:43
in minimallyminimalno invasiveinvazivne surgerykirurgija.
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u najmanje invazivnoj operaciji.
02:45
Again in 2009, we see a paperpapir that sayskaže
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U 2009. mogli smo vidjeti rad
u kojem se tvrdilo
02:48
that trocarstrocars accountračun for over halfpola
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da su trokari odgovorni za preko polovicu
02:50
of all majorglavni complicationskomplikacije in laparoscopiclaparoskopska surgerykirurgija.
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svih velikih komplikacija
u laparoskopskoj kururgiji.
02:54
And, oh by the way,
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I, usput rečeno,
02:55
this hasn'tnema changedpromijenjen for 25 yearsgodina.
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to se nije promijenilo u 25 godina.
02:58
So when I got to graduatediplomirani schoolškola,
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I kada sam diplomirao,
03:00
this is what I wanted to work on.
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želio sam se baviti time.
03:02
I was tryingtežak to explainobjasniti to a friendprijatelj of minerudnik
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Pokušavao sam objasniti prijatelju
03:04
what exactlytočno I was spendingtrošenje my time doing,
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na čemu sam točno radio,
03:06
and I said,
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i rekao sam,
03:08
"It's like when you're drillingbušenje throughkroz a wallzid
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"To je kao kada bušiš zid
03:10
to hangobjesiti something in your apartmentapartman.
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kako bi objesio nešto u stanu.
03:13
There's that momenttrenutak when the drillbušilica
first puncturesuboda throughkroz the wallzid
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To je trenutak kada bušilica
prvo probuši zid
03:17
and there's this plungeUronite. Right?
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i potom nastupa onaj uron, zar ne?"
03:23
And he lookedgledao at me and he said,
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Pogledao me i rekao,
03:25
"You mean like when they drillbušilica
into people'snarodno brainsmozak?"
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"Misliš, kao kad buše ljudima u mozak?"
03:28
And I said, "ExcuseIzgovor me?" (LaughterSmijeh)
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I uzvratio sam, "Molim?" (Smijeh)
03:31
And then I lookedgledao it up and they
do drillbušilica into people'snarodno brainsmozak.
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Zatim sam provjerio i otkrio
da zaista buše ljudima mozak.
03:34
A lot of neurosurgicalneurokirurški procedurespostupci
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Mnogo neurokirurških zahvata
03:36
actuallyzapravo startpočetak with a drillbušilica
incisionrez throughkroz the skulllubanja.
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zapravo započinju bušenjem kroz lubanju.
03:40
And if the surgeonkirurg isn't carefulpažljiv,
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Ako kirurg nije oprezan,
03:41
he can plungeUronite directlydirektno into the brainmozak.
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može pogoditi ravno u mozak.
03:45
So this is the momenttrenutak when I startedpočeo thinkingmišljenje,
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Tog trena počeo sam razmišljati,
03:47
okay, cranialkranijalni drillingbušenje, laparoscopiclaparoskopska surgerykirurgija,
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"uredu, bušenje lubanje,
laparoskopska kirurgija,
03:50
why not other areaspodručja of medicinelijek?
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zašto ne i druga područja medicine?"
03:52
Because think about it, when was
the last time you wentotišao to the doctorliječnik
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Razmislite, kada ste zadnji put
otišli liječniku
03:54
and you didn't get stucku škripcu with something? Right?
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i niste zapeli s nečime? Zar ne?
03:57
So the truthistina is
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Istina je da
03:58
in medicinelijek puncturepunkcija is everywheresvugdje, posvuda.
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u medicini ubod znači sve.
04:01
And here are just a couplepar
of the procedurespostupci that I've foundpronađeno
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Ovdje je samo nekoliko zahvata
koje sam pronašao
04:03
that involveobuhvatiti some tissuetkivo puncturepunkcija stepkorak.
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koji uključuju prodiranje kroz tkivo.
04:07
And if we take just threetri of them —
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Ako uzmemo samo tri -
04:09
laparoscopiclaparoskopska surgerykirurgija,
epiduralsepidurals, and cranialkranijalni drillingbušenje
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laparoskopska kirurgija,
epiduralna injekcija i bušenje lubanje -
04:13
these procedurespostupci accountračun
for over 30,000 complicationskomplikacije
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ovi zahvati odgovorni su za
preko 30.000 komplikacija
04:17
everysvaki yeargodina in this countryzemlja alonesam.
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svake godine samo u ovoj zemlji.
04:20
I call that a problemproblem worthvrijedan solvingrješavanje.
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Smatram da je to problem
koji treba riješiti.
04:22
So let's take a look at some of the devicesuređaji
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Pogledajmo neke od instrumenata
04:25
that are used in these typesvrste of procedurespostupci.
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koji se koriste kod ovih zahvata.
04:27
I mentionedspominje epiduralsepidurals. This is an epiduralanesteziju needleigla.
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Spomenuo sam epiduralnu injekciju.
Ovo je epiduralna igla.
04:30
It's used to puncturepunkcija throughkroz
the ligamentsligamenti in the spinekičma
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Koristi se za ubod kroz
ligamente u kralježnici
04:33
and deliverdostaviti anesthesiaanestezija duringza vrijeme childbirthporod.
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i daje anesteziju tijekom poroda.
04:35
Here'sOvdje je a setset of bonekost marrowsrži biopsyBiopsija toolsalat.
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Ovdje vidimo instrumente
za biopsiju koštane srži.
04:38
These are actuallyzapravo used
to burrowRiti into the bonekost
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Koriste se kako bi se zarilo u kost
04:40
and collectprikupiti bonekost marrowsrži
or sampleuzorak bonekost lesionslezije.
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i prikupilo koštanu srž
ili uzorak koštanih lezija.
04:43
Here'sOvdje je a bayonettebayonette from the CivilCivilnog WarRat.
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Ovo je bajuneta iz
Američkog građanskog rata.
04:45
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
04:48
If I had told you it was a
medicalmedicinski puncturepunkcija deviceuređaj
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Da sam vam rekao da je to
medicinski instrument za punkciju
04:51
you probablyvjerojatno would have believedvjerovao me.
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vjerojatno biste mi povjerovali.
04:53
Because what's the differencerazlika?
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Jer, u čemu je razlika?
04:55
So, the more I did this researchistraživanje
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I što sam više to istraživao
04:57
the more I thought there has to be
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to sam više vjerovao da treba postojati
04:59
a better way to do this.
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bolji način da se to napravi.
05:01
And for me the keyključ to this problemproblem
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Za mene je ključno rješenje problema
05:03
is that all these differentdrugačiji puncturepunkcija devicesuređaji
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da svi ovi različiti
instrumenti za punkciju
05:06
sharePodjeli a commonzajednička setset of fundamentalosnovni physicsfizika.
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dijele zajednički skup temeljne fizike.
05:09
So what are those physicsfizika?
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Kakva je to fizika?
05:11
Let's go back to drillingbušenje throughkroz a wallzid.
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Vratimo se bušenju kroz zid.
05:12
So you're applyingprimjenom a forcesila
on a drillbušilica towardsza the wallzid.
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Primijenjujete silu
na bušilicu prema zidu.
05:16
And NewtonNewton sayskaže the wallzid
is going to applyprimijeniti forcesila back,
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A Newton kaže da će i zid
zauzvrat primijeniti silu,
05:19
equaljednak and oppositesuprotan.
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jednaku i suprotnu.
05:21
So, as you drillbušilica throughkroz the wallzid,
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I kako bušite kroz zid,
05:23
those forcessnaga balanceravnoteža.
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te sile postižu ravnotežu.
05:25
But then there's that momenttrenutak
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No onda se događa onaj trenutak
05:26
when the drillbušilica first puncturesuboda
throughkroz the other sidestrana of the wallzid,
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kada bušilica po prvi puta
probija drugu stranu zida,
05:28
and right at that momenttrenutak
the wallzid can't pushgurnuti back anymoreviše.
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i u tom trenutku zid
više ne može odolijevati.
05:31
But your brainmozak hasn'tnema reactedreagirali su
to that changepromijeniti in forcesila.
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No vaš mozak ne reagira
na tu promjenu u sili.
05:35
So for that millisecondmilisekundi,
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Tako da u toj milisekundi,
05:36
or howevermeđutim long it takes you
to reactreagirati, you're still pushingguranje,
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ili koliko god vam treba da reagirate,
još uvijek gurate,
05:38
and that unbalancedneuravnotežen forcesila
causesuzroci an accelerationubrzanje,
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i ta neuravnotežena sila
uzrokuje akceleraciju,
05:41
and that is the plungeUronite.
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i to je taj uron.
05:44
But what if right at the momenttrenutak of puncturepunkcija
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A što ako biste u tom trenutku probijanja
05:48
you could pullVuci that tipSavjet back,
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mogli povući vrh bušilice unatrag,
05:49
actuallyzapravo opposeprotive se the forwardnaprijed accelerationubrzanje?
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suprotno od akceleracije prema naprijed?
05:52
That's what I setset out to do.
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Upravo to sam krenuo napraviti.
05:55
So imaginezamisliti you have a deviceuređaj
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Zamislite da imate uređaj
05:56
and it's got some kindljubazan of sharpoštar tipSavjet
to cutrez throughkroz tissuetkivo.
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koji ima oštri vrh za probijanje tkiva.
05:59
What's the simplestnajjednostavniji way
you could pullVuci that tipSavjet back?
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Koji bi bio najjednostavniji način
da taj vrh povučete unazad?
06:02
I choseizabrati a springProljeće.
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Ja sam odabrao oprugu.
06:04
So when you extendprodužiti that springProljeće,
you extendprodužiti that tipSavjet out
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Kada proširite tu oprugu,
izučete van i taj vrh
06:07
so it's readyspreman to puncturepunkcija tissuetkivo,
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tako da može probiti tkivo,
06:09
the springProljeće wants to pullVuci the tipSavjet back.
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a opruga ga želi povući unazad.
06:10
How do you keep the tipSavjet in placemjesto
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Kako da zadržimo vrh na mjestu
06:12
untildo the momenttrenutak of puncturepunkcija?
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do trenutka punkcije?
06:15
I used this mechanismmehanizam.
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Ja koristim ovaj mehanizam.
06:17
When the tipSavjet of the deviceuređaj
is pressedprešani againstprotiv tissuetkivo,
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Kada vrh uređaja pritišće tkivo,
06:20
the mechanismmehanizam expandsProširuje outwardsprema van
and wedgesklinovi in placemjesto againstprotiv the wallzid.
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mehanizam se širi prema van
i uglavljuje na mjestu uza zid.
06:23
And the frictiontrenje that's generatedgeneriran
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A trenje koje pritom nastaje
06:25
locksbrave it in placemjesto and preventssprječava
the springProljeće from retractinguvlači the tipSavjet.
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uglavljuje ga na mjestu i sprečava oprugu
da povuče vrh unazad.
06:28
But right at the momenttrenutak of puncturepunkcija,
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No točno u trenutku punkcije,
06:30
the tissuetkivo can't pushgurnuti back
on the tipSavjet anymoreviše.
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tkivo više ne može odolijevati vrhu.
06:32
So the mechanismmehanizam unlocksotključava
and the springProljeće retractsuvlači the tipSavjet.
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Tako se mehanizam otvara i
opruga povlači vrh unazad.
06:35
Let me showpokazati you that
happeningdogađa in slowusporiti motionpokret.
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Pokazat ću vam to u usporenoj snimci.
06:37
This is about 2,000 framesokviri a seconddrugi,
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Ovo je oko 2.000 sličica u sekundi,
06:39
and I'd like you to noticeobavijest the tipSavjet
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primijetite vrh
06:41
that's right there on the bottomdno,
about to puncturepunkcija throughkroz tissuetkivo.
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točno ovdje na dnu, neposredno prije
nego što će probiti tkivo.
06:43
And you'llvi ćete see that
right at the momenttrenutak of puncturepunkcija,
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Vidjet ćete da točno u trenutko punkcije,
06:48
right there, the mechanismmehanizam unlocksotključava
and retractsuvlači that tipSavjet back.
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točno ovdje, mehanizam se otvara
i povlači vrh unazad,
06:51
I want to showpokazati it to you again, a little closerbliže up.
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Želim vam to ponovo pokazati izbliza.
06:54
You're going to see the sharpoštar bladedlamelama tipSavjet,
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Vidjet ćete naoštreni vrh,
06:56
and right when it puncturesuboda
that rubberguma membranemembrana
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i točno kada probuši tu gumenu opnu
06:58
it's going to disappearnestati
into this whitebijela blunttupi sheathkorice.
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nestat će u svojoj tupoj bijeloj futroli.
07:02
Right there.
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Točno ovdje.
07:04
That happensdogađa se withinunutar fourčetiri 100thsths
of a seconddrugi after puncturepunkcija.
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To se događa unutar 4 stotinke sekunde
poslije punkcije.
07:09
And because this deviceuređaj is designedkonstruiran
to addressadresa the physicsfizika of puncturepunkcija
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Budući da je ovaj instrument napravljen
da odgovara fizikalnim zakonima punkcije
07:12
and not the specificsspecifičnosti of cranialkranijalni drillingbušenje
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a ne pojedinostima bušenja lubanje
07:14
or laparoscopiclaparoskopska surgerykirurgija,
or anotherjoš procedurepostupak,
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ili laparoskopskoj operaciji,
ili nekom drugom zahvatu,
07:16
it's applicableprimjenjivo acrosspreko these
differentdrugačiji medicalmedicinski disciplinesdisciplina
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primijenjiv je u različitim
medicinskim disciplinama
07:19
and acrosspreko differentdrugačiji lengthdužina scalesvage.
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i u različitim mjerama duljine.
07:22
But it didn't always look like this.
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No nije uvijek ovako izgledao.
07:24
This was my first prototypeprototip.
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Ovo je bio moj prvi prototip.
07:26
Yes, those are popsiclesladoled sticksštapići,
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Da, ono su štapići sladoleda,
07:29
and there's a rubberguma bandbend at the topvrh.
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a na vrhu je gumena traka.
07:31
It tookuzeo about 30 minutesminuta to do this, but it workedradio.
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Trebalo je oko 30 minuta
da se to napravi, ali je djelovalo.
07:34
And it proveddokazao to me that my ideaideja workedradio
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Dokazalo je da moja ideja funkcionira
07:36
and it justifiedopravdan the nextSljedeći couplepar
yearsgodina of work on this projectprojekt.
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i opravdalo je sljedećih nekoliko godina
rada na ovom projektu.
07:39
I workedradio on this because
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Radio sam na tome
07:41
this problemproblem really fascinatedopčinjen me.
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jer me ovaj problem zaista fascinirao.
07:43
It keptčuva me up at night.
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Nisam mogao spavati zbog njega.
07:45
But I think it should fascinatefasciniraju you too,
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No, mislim da bi trebao fascinirati i vas,
07:48
because I said puncturepunkcija is everywheresvugdje, posvuda.
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jer sam već rekao da bušenja ima svugdje.
07:50
That meanssredstva at some pointtočka
it's going to be your problemproblem too.
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To znači da će u jednom trenutku
to biti i vaš problem.
07:54
That first day in the operatingradni roomsoba
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Onaj prvi dan u operacijskoj sali
07:56
I never expectedočekuje se to find myselfsebe
on the other endkraj of a trocarTrocar.
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nisam očekivao da ću se naći
s druge stane trokara.
07:59
But last yeargodina, I got appendicitisupala slijepog crijeva
when I was visitinggostujući GreeceGrčka.
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No, prošle godine tijekom posjeta Grčkoj
dobio sam upalu slijepog crijeva.
08:03
So I was in the hospitalbolnica in AthensAtena,
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Bio sam u bolnici u Ateni,
08:04
and the surgeonkirurg was tellingreći me
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i kirurg mi je objašnjavao
08:06
he was going to performizvesti
a laparoscopiclaparoskopska surgerykirurgija.
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da će napraviti laparoskopski zahvat.
08:08
He was going to removeukloniti my appendixslijepo crijevo
throughkroz these tinysićušan incisionsrezova,
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Uklonit će mi slijepo crijevo kroz sitne rezove,
08:11
and he was talkingkoji govori about what
I could expectočekivati for the recoveryoporavak,
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i pričao je što mogu očekivati od oporavka
08:14
and what was going to happendogoditi se.
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i što će se dogoditi.
08:15
He said, "Do you have any questionspitanja?"
And I said, "Just one, docDoktore.
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Rekao je, "Imate li ikakvih pitanja?"
A ja sam odgovorio, "Samo jedno, doktore."
08:17
What kindljubazan of trocarTrocar do you use?"
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Kakav trokar koristite?
08:21
So my favoriteljubimac quotecitat
about laparoscopiclaparoskopska surgerykirurgija
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Moj najomiljeniji citat o laparoskopiji
08:24
comesdolazi from a DoctorDoktor H. C. JacobaeusJacobaeus:
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je onaj doktora H. C. Jacobaeusa,
08:27
"It is puncturepunkcija itselfsebe that causesuzroci riskrizik."
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"Sama punkcija izaziva rizik."
08:31
That's my favoriteljubimac quotecitat
because H.C. JacobaeusJacobaeus
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To mi je najdraži citat jer
je H. C. Jacobaeus
08:34
was the first personosoba to ever performizvesti
laparoscopiclaparoskopska surgerykirurgija on humansljudi,
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bio prva osoba koja je izvela
laparoskopski zahvat na ljudima,
08:38
and he wrotenapisao that in 1912.
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a to je napisao 1912.
08:41
This is a problemproblem that's been injuringozljeđivanja and
even killingubijanje people for over 100 yearsgodina.
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Ovo je problem koji je ozljeđivao
i čak ubijao ljude već 100 godina.
08:47
So it's easylako to think that for
everysvaki majorglavni problemproblem out there
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Lako je vjerovati da
za svaki veliki problem
08:49
there's some teamtim of expertsstručnjaci
workingrad around the clocksat to solveriješiti it.
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postoji tim stručnjaka
koji neprestano radi kako bi ga riješili.
08:53
The truthistina is that's not always the casespis.
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Prava istina je da to nije uvijek tako.
08:57
We have to be better at findingnalaz those problemsproblemi
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Moramo biti uspješniji u
nalaženju tih problema
08:59
and findingnalaz waysnačine to solveriješiti them.
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i otkrivanju njihovih rješenja.
09:02
So if you come acrosspreko a problemproblem that grabsZgrabi you,
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Ako naiđete na problem
koji vas je zaintrigirao,
09:05
let it keep you up at night.
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zbog kojeg ne spavate noću,
09:07
AllowOmogućiti yourselfsami to be fascinatedopčinjen,
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dopustite si da vas fascinira,
09:09
because there are so manymnogi livesživot to saveuštedjeti.
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jer toliko života treba biti spašeno.
09:12
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak)
Translated by Maja Covic
Reviewed by Ivan Stamenkovic

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nikolai Begg - Mechanical engineer
Nikolai Begg is a PhD candidate in mechanical engineering whose passion is rethinking medical devices.

Why you should listen
Since Nikolai Begg first saw robotic surgery performed as a thirteen-year-old, he has been in love with building things to help others. Now as a PhD Candidate in mechanical engineering at MIT, Begg works on designs to improve any number of things in people's lives -- from salt and pepper shakers that always stay in the same position relative to one another to a non-invasive female urinary catheter. He's especially passionate about how he can apply physics and mechanical principles to medical devices. In 2013 he won the annual Lemelson-MIT Student Prize for Invention, for a product that makes more precise incisions during surgery.
More profile about the speaker
Nikolai Begg | Speaker | TED.com