Matthieu Ricard: How to let altruism be your guide
Matthieu Ricard: Ako sa nechať viesť altruizmom
Sometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer. Full bio
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potential for goodness,
or to destroy.
rather than a selfish one.
a nie tú sebeckú.
many challenges in our times.
or our worst enemy.
najlepší priateľ alebo najhorší protivník.
inequalities, conflict, injustice.
nerovnosť, konflikty, nespravodlivosť.
which we don't expect.
about five million human beings on Earth.
asi 5 miliónov ľudí.
would soon heal human activities.
ľahko zahojila.
and Technological Revolutions,
of impact on our Earth.
najväčší vplyv my.
the era of human beings.
we need to continue this endless growth,
pokračovať v nekonečnom raste,
I won't mention who, saying --
nepoviem, kto to bol,
the edge of the precipice.
sme stáli na kraji priepasti.
that has been defined by scientists
they can carry a number of factors.
prosper for 150,000 years
ešte 150 000 rokov,
for the last 10,000 years.
posledných 10 000 rokov.
a voluntary simplicity,
dobrovoľnú jednoduchosť,
we were well within the limits of safety.
sme boli v bezpečných hraniciach.
to imagine what comes next.
a predstavte si, čo bude ďalej.
some of the planetary boundaries.
niektoré medze planéty.
at the current rate,
pri súčasnom tempe
on Earth will have disappeared.
zmizne do roku 2050.
that's not going to be reversible.
nikdy to už nezvrátime.
21,000-foot glacier in Bhutan.
are melting fast, faster than the Arctic.
2000 ľadovcov, rýchlejšíe než v Arktíde.
politically, economically, scientifically
či vedeckého pohľadu
akokoľvek zložitá,
of altruism versus selfishness.
altruizmu proti sebectvu.
„Prečo by ma mali trápiť budúce generácie?
about future generations?
the billionaire Steve Forbes,
Stevena Forbesa na Fox News
the same thing, but seriously.
to change my behavior today
meniť dnes svoje správanie
in a hundred years."
for future generations,
generáciách nezáleží,
the end-of-the-year accounts;
ročné uzávierky;
life, over 10 years and 20 years? --
najbližších 10 a 20 rokov? –
speak with economists,
debatujú s ekonómami,
completely incoherent.
úplne nesúvislé.
I went around the world
som obišiel celý svet,
neuroscientists, environmentalists,
neurovedcami, environmentalistami,
in the Himalayas, all over the place.
those three time scales.
tie tri časové merítka.
consideration for others.
brať viac ohľadu na druhých.
you will have a caring economics,
dostaneme milosrdnú ekonomiku,
have entrusted you with.
that you remedy inequality,
of well-being within society,
the most powerful and the richest
najmocnejší a najbohatší,
what's the point?
Na čo je to dobré?
consideration for others,
that planet that we have
have three planets to continue that way.
potrebovali by sme tri také planéty.
it's not just a novel ideal,
nie je to len nový ideál,
praktickým riešením?
alebo sme takí sebeckí?
že sme nenapraviteľne sebeckí.
we were irredeemably selfish.
Väčšina z nich sú lotri.“ S. Freud]
like Hobbes, have said so.
than working together, is there?
ako pracovať spoločne, nie?
the struggle for life,
social Darwinism.
sociálny darwinizmus.
though competition exists, of course --
samozrejme existuje tiež,
to go to increased levels of complexity.
že zodpovedá vyšším úrovniam komplexity.
and we should even go further.
a mali by sme ísť ešte ďalej.
the quality of human relationships.
including income, everything.
ako príjem a podobne
that's the main thing for my happiness,
najdôležitejšiu vec pre štastný život
that if we go deep within,
that's ever shown that.
ktorý by to potvrdil.
spent a whole life
strávil celý život
in very complex situations.
do veľmi komplexných situácií.
and some people more than others.
niekto viac, niekto menej.
no matter what,
nezávisle na okolnostiach
no matter what.
deeply wounded, great suffering,
hlboko trpieť,
out of empathic distress --
than to keep on looking at that person.
len tak sa prizerať je ťažšie ako pomôcť.
he said, clearly people can be altruistic.
vyšlo, že ľudia vedia byť altruisti.
at the banality of goodness.
samozrejmosť dobra.
going to say, "That's so nice.
nepovieme si: „Aké milé,
was thinking about altruism."
sa nestrhla žiadna bitka.“
we would speak of that for months.
hovorili by sme o tom mesiace.
that doesn't attract your attention,
neupúta našu pozornosť,
projects in the Himalayas
humanitárnych projektov v Himalájach
you work for the warm glow.
pre dobrý pocit pri srdci.
You just feel good."
proste sa z toho dobre cítiš.“
when he jumped in front of the train,
čo skočil pred vlak, si hovoril:
so good when this is over?"
budem sa cítiť bohovsky“?
you interviewed him, he said,
v rozhovore predsa povedal:
I had to jump, of course."
Jasné, že som musel skočiť.“
It's neither selfish nor altruistic.
To nie je ani sebecké, ani altruistické.
not going to think for half an hour,
but it's obvious, it's immediate.
ale je samozrejmé, okamžité.
like Pastor André Trocmé and his wife,
ako kňaz André Trocmé s manželkou
of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in France.
vo Francúzsku.
they saved 3,500 Jews,
zachránili 3500 Židov,
brought them to Switzerland,
of their lives and those of their family.
a ohrozili svoju rodinu.
and find the cause of happiness.
a nájdu príčinu šťastia.
or cognitive resonance that tells you,
alebo kognitívna rezonancia,
tento človek sa teší, tento človek trpí.
this person suffers.
confronted with suffering,
do empatického stresu, vyhorieť,
of loving-kindness.
Institute of Leipzig,
Max Planckovho Inštitútu
empathy and loving-kindness are different.
pre súcit a láskavosť sú rozdielne.
from maternal care, parental love,
rodičovskú lásku,
we need two things:
potrebujeme dve veci:
hovorí: áno, je.
of contemplative study said yes, it is.
with neuroscience and epigenetics
s neurovedou a epigenetikou
when you train in altruism.
keď ho vediete k altruizmu.
na magnetickej rezonancii.
after two and a half hours.
in many scientific papers.
v mnohých vedeckých časopisoch.
that there is structural change
when you train the altruistic love.
pri cvičení nezištnej lásky.
you see all the activity,
vidíte tú aktivitu,
nothing happened,
nič sa nedeje,
nič sa nedeje.
of meditation? No, you don't.
Netreba.
of caring, mindfulness meditation
meditácie vedomej lásky
in the brain compared to a control group.
v porovnaní s kontrolnou skupinou.
for four weeks.
Richard Davidson did that in Madison.
ako ukázal Richard Davidson v Madisone.
kindness, cooperation, mindful breathing.
láskavosť, spolupráca, vedomé dýchanie.
"Oh, they're just preschoolers."
that's the blue line.
to je tá modrá čiara.
scientific test, the stickers test.
vedecký test – nálepky!
who is their best friend in the class,
najlepší kamarát z triedy,
an unknown child, and the sick child,
kto je neznámy a kto je chorý,
they give most of it to their best friend.
najlepšiemu kamarátovi.
20 minutes three times a week.
20 minút trikrát týždenne.
no more discrimination:
už žiadna diskriminácia:
best friend and the least favorite child.
aj najmenej obľúbené dieťa.
in all the schools in the world.
vo všetkých školách na svete.
povedal Richardovi Davidsonovi:
he told Richard Davidson,
the U.N., the whole world."
do OSN, do celého sveta.“
gene to be in the human race?
ľudský altruistický gén?
pridlho pre naše životné prostredie.
too much for the environment.
the evolution of culture.
change faster than genes.
sa vyvíjajú rýchlejšie ako gény.
has dramatically changed over the years.
dramaticky zmenil.
change mutually fashion each other,
sa navzájom formujú.
a more altruistic society.
altruistickejšiu spoločnosť.
a year in our projects.
projektoch 100 000 pacientov.
four percent overhead.
4 % nad strop.
your stuff works in practice,
„Dobre, funguje vám to v praxi,
to better serve others.
lepšie slúžiť druhým.
what can we do?
čo môžeme robiť?
instead of competitive learning,
namiesto súťaživosti,
within corporations --
between corporations, but not within.
ale nie vnútri.
I love this term.
Milujem ten pojem.
we will reduce inequality.
že dnes znížime nerovnosť,
not quantitatively.
nie kvantitatívne.
with poverty in the midst of plenty,
s chudobou uprostred blahobytu,
of the common goods
by mala byť milosrdná,
should be compassionate,
that looks bad.
vyzerá to zle.
global responsibility.
globálnu zodpovednosť.
to the other 1.6 million species.
na ostatných 1,6 milióna druhov.
are co-citizens in this world.
spoluobčanmi tohto sveta.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matthieu Ricard - Monk, author, photographerSometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer.
Why you should listen
After training in biochemistry at the Institute Pasteur, Matthieu Ricard left science behind to move to the Himalayas and become a Buddhist monk -- and to pursue happiness, both at a basic human level and as a subject of inquiry. Achieving happiness, he has come to believe, requires the same kind of effort and mind training that any other serious pursuit involves.
His deep and scientifically tinged reflections on happiness and Buddhism have turned into several books, including The Quantum and the Lotus: A Journey to the Frontiers Where Science and Buddhism Meet. At the same time, he also makes sensitive and jaw-droppingly gorgeous photographs of his beloved Tibet and the spiritual hermitage where he lives and works on humanitarian projects.
His latest book on happiness is Happiness: A Guide to Developing Life's Most Important Skill; his latest book of photographs is Tibet: An Inner Journey.
Matthieu Ricard | Speaker | TED.com