Matthieu Ricard: How to let altruism be your guide
馬修.李卡德: 讓利他主義成為你的人生指南
Sometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer. Full bio
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potential for goodness,
or to destroy.
rather than a selfish one.
而非自私自利的想法。
many challenges in our times.
確實面臨許多挑戰,
or our worst enemy.
我們最好的朋友,或是最壞的敵人。
inequalities, conflict, injustice.
與不正義之中的貧窮。
which we don't expect.
about five million human beings on Earth.
would soon heal human activities.
人類活動留下的痕跡。
and Technological Revolutions,
of impact on our Earth.
the era of human beings.
we need to continue this endless growth,
這種毫無止盡的成長,
I won't mention who, saying --
the edge of the precipice.
that has been defined by scientists
they can carry a number of factors.
prosper for 150,000 years
人類還是能繁盛 150 萬年,
for the last 10,000 years.
a voluntary simplicity,
we were well within the limits of safety.
我們仍生活在安全的限度中,
to imagine what comes next.
想像接下來會如何發展。
some of the planetary boundaries.
地球某些方面的限度了。
at the current rate,
on Earth will have disappeared.
地球上有 30% 的物種會消失。
that's not going to be reversible.
也回不來了。
21,000-foot glacier in Bhutan.
are melting fast, faster than the Arctic.
兩千條冰河快速融化,比北極還快。
politically, economically, scientifically
of altruism versus selfishness.
無私對上自私的問題。
馬克思主義者。
about future generations?
「我何必管下一代?
the billionaire Steve Forbes,
the same thing, but seriously.
但他是認真的。
to change my behavior today
in a hundred years."
for future generations,
the end-of-the-year accounts;
life, over 10 years and 20 years? --
十年二十年間的生活品質如何?
speak with economists,
completely incoherent.
完全搭不上,
I went around the world
neuroscientists, environmentalists,
神經科學家、環保人士、
in the Himalayas, all over the place.
在喜馬拉雅山、世界各地碰面。
those three time scales.
consideration for others.
you will have a caring economics,
就會有關懷的經濟學,
have entrusted you with.
that you remedy inequality,
of well-being within society,
the most powerful and the richest
what's the point?
consideration for others,
that planet that we have
have three planets to continue that way.
我們可沒有三個地球來搞破壞。
it's not just a novel ideal,
不只是不切實際的理想,
更真實、務實的解方嗎?
we were irredeemably selfish.
like Hobbes, have said so.
than working together, is there?
the struggle for life,
social Darwinism.
though competition exists, of course --
──雖然一定有競爭存在──
to go to increased levels of complexity.
要用更創新的合作方式。
and we should even go further.
應該走得更長遠。
the quality of human relationships.
including income, everything.
針對十項因素,包含收入等等。
that's the main thing for my happiness,
也是讓我快樂的主因,
that if we go deep within,
that's ever shown that.
spent a whole life
in very complex situations.
各種複雜情境中的人類。
and some people more than others.
而且有些人特別自私。
no matter what,
no matter what.
deeply wounded, great suffering,
傷得很重、非常痛苦,
out of empathic distress --
than to keep on looking at that person.
而非只是坐視不管。
he said, clearly people can be altruistic.
最後他說顯然人類可以無私。
at the banality of goodness.
我們應該檢視日常的良善。
going to say, "That's so nice.
「真是太好了,
was thinking about altruism."
就沒人要打架了。」
we would speak of that for months.
我們會講這個講好幾個月。
that doesn't attract your attention,
projects in the Himalayas
做了 140 件博愛計畫
you work for the warm glow.
你是為了積功德才做。
You just feel good."
when he jumped in front of the train,
so good when this is over?"
我感覺超棒」嗎?
you interviewed him, he said,
如果你和他訪談,他會說:
I had to jump, of course."
It's neither selfish nor altruistic.
和無私或博愛沒有關係。
not going to think for half an hour,
but it's obvious, it's immediate.
而且顯然是立即的選擇。
like Pastor André Trocmé and his wife,
牧師安德烈.卓克梅夫婦
of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in France.
they saved 3,500 Jews,
他們救了 3,500 位猶太人,
brought them to Switzerland,
of their lives and those of their family.
and find the cause of happiness.
or cognitive resonance that tells you,
或是理智的反應告訴你
this person suffers.
confronted with suffering,
of loving-kindness.
Institute of Leipzig,
尼亞.辛格
empathy and loving-kindness are different.
同理和仁慈的神經不同。
from maternal care, parental love,
we need two things:
我們需要做到兩點:
of contemplative study said yes, it is.
人有可能改變。
with neuroscience and epigenetics
共同研究 15 年
when you train in altruism.
人腦在培養利他主義時會改變。
after two and a half hours.
在裡面待了兩個半小時。
in many scientific papers.
that there is structural change
when you train the altruistic love.
在你培養無私的愛之際。
you see all the activity,
你可以看到所有的腦部活動;
nothing happened,
of meditation? No, you don't.
不需要。
of caring, mindfulness meditation
慈愛、專注的冥想,
in the brain compared to a control group.
有別於控制組。
for four weeks.
Richard Davidson did that in Madison.
理查德.戴維森在麥迪遜做了實驗,
kindness, cooperation, mindful breathing.
仁慈、合作、專注呼吸。
"Oh, they're just preschoolers."
他們還沒讀書,很小耶。」
that's the blue line.
scientific test, the stickers test.
──貼紙試驗。
who is their best friend in the class,
班上最要好的同學,
an unknown child, and the sick child,
和反感的同學,
they give most of it to their best friend.
給最要好的朋友。
20 minutes three times a week.
一次二十分鐘,每週三次。
no more discrimination:
best friend and the least favorite child.
一樣多的貼紙。
in all the schools in the world.
he told Richard Davidson,
他告訴理查德.戴維森:
the U.N., the whole world."
去聯合國和全世界。」
gene to be in the human race?
出現在人類身上嗎?
too much for the environment.
環境等不了那麼久。
the evolution of culture.
change faster than genes.
has dramatically changed over the years.
戰爭的態度已大幅改變。
change mutually fashion each other,
a more altruistic society.
a year in our projects.
four percent overhead.
經常費用 4%。
your stuff works in practice,
to better serve others.
what can we do?
instead of competitive learning,
取代競爭式學習法,
within corporations --
between corporations, but not within.
但是不要在企業內競爭。
I love this term.
我喜歡這個詞。
we will reduce inequality.
現在我們要減少不平等。
not quantitatively.
with poverty in the midst of plenty,
富足社會中的貧窮情況,
of the common goods
should be compassionate,
that looks bad.
global responsibility.
並且全球都負起責任。
to the other 1.6 million species.
擴展到 160 萬種物種。
are co-citizens in this world.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matthieu Ricard - Monk, author, photographerSometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer.
Why you should listen
After training in biochemistry at the Institute Pasteur, Matthieu Ricard left science behind to move to the Himalayas and become a Buddhist monk -- and to pursue happiness, both at a basic human level and as a subject of inquiry. Achieving happiness, he has come to believe, requires the same kind of effort and mind training that any other serious pursuit involves.
His deep and scientifically tinged reflections on happiness and Buddhism have turned into several books, including The Quantum and the Lotus: A Journey to the Frontiers Where Science and Buddhism Meet. At the same time, he also makes sensitive and jaw-droppingly gorgeous photographs of his beloved Tibet and the spiritual hermitage where he lives and works on humanitarian projects.
His latest book on happiness is Happiness: A Guide to Developing Life's Most Important Skill; his latest book of photographs is Tibet: An Inner Journey.
Matthieu Ricard | Speaker | TED.com