TEDGlobal 2014
Matthieu Ricard: How to let altruism be your guide
Metju Rikard (Matthieu Ricard): Kako da vas vodi altruizam
Filmed:
Readability: 4
2,200,601 views
Šta je altruizam? Jednostavno rečeno, to je želja da drugi budu srećni. I, kaže Metju Rikard, istraživač sreće i budistički monah, altruizam je takođe sjajan objektiv za donošenje odluka, kako kratkoročne tako i dugoročne, u radu i u životu.
Matthieu Ricard - Monk, author, photographer
Sometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer. Full bio
Sometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So we humans have an extraordinary
potential for goodness,
potential for goodness,
0
742
7221
Mi ljudi imamo
izuzetan potencijal za dobrotu,
izuzetan potencijal za dobrotu,
00:19
but also an immense power to do harm.
1
7963
4400
ali takođe i neizmernu moć da naškodimo.
00:24
Any tool can be used to build
or to destroy.
or to destroy.
2
12363
5666
Bilo koji alat može se koristiti
da gradi ili da uništi.
da gradi ili da uništi.
00:30
That all depends on our motivation.
3
18036
3181
To zavisi od naše motivacije.
00:33
Therefore, it is all the more important
4
21217
3447
Prema tome, važno je
00:36
to foster an altruistic motivation
rather than a selfish one.
rather than a selfish one.
5
24664
4274
negovati altruističku motivaciju
pre nego sebičnu.
pre nego sebičnu.
00:42
So now we indeed are facing
many challenges in our times.
many challenges in our times.
6
30508
6500
Zaista se suočavamo
sa mnogim izazovima u današnje vreme.
sa mnogim izazovima u današnje vreme.
To mogu biti izazovi lične prirode.
00:49
Those could be personal challenges.
7
37008
3317
Naš sopstveni um
00:52
Our own mind can be our best friend
or our worst enemy.
or our worst enemy.
8
40325
4586
može biti naš najbolji prijatelj
ili najgori neprijatelj.
ili najgori neprijatelj.
Tu su i društveni izazovi:
00:58
There's also societal challenges:
9
46341
2884
01:01
poverty in the midst of plenty,
inequalities, conflict, injustice.
inequalities, conflict, injustice.
10
49225
5699
siromaštvo usred obilja, nejednakosti,
konflikti, nepravda.
konflikti, nepravda.
01:06
And then there are the new challenges,
which we don't expect.
which we don't expect.
11
54924
4196
Zatim tu su novi izazovi
koje nismo očekivali.
koje nismo očekivali.
01:11
Ten thousand years ago, there were
about five million human beings on Earth.
about five million human beings on Earth.
12
59120
4643
Pre deset hiljada godina, na Zemlji
je bilo oko pet miliona ljudskih bića.
je bilo oko pet miliona ljudskih bića.
01:15
Whatever they could do,
13
63763
1610
Šta god da bi uradili,
01:17
the Earth's resilience
would soon heal human activities.
would soon heal human activities.
14
65373
5186
otpornost Zemlje
bi ubrzo popravila ljudsko dejstvo.
bi ubrzo popravila ljudsko dejstvo.
01:22
After the Industrial
and Technological Revolutions,
and Technological Revolutions,
15
70559
3216
Nakon industrijske
i tehnološke revolucije,
i tehnološke revolucije,
01:25
that's not the same anymore.
16
73775
2233
to više nije isto.
01:28
We are now the major agent
of impact on our Earth.
of impact on our Earth.
17
76008
4065
Mi smo sada
najveći faktor uticaja na našoj Zemlji.
najveći faktor uticaja na našoj Zemlji.
01:32
We enter the Anthropocene,
the era of human beings.
the era of human beings.
18
80073
4904
Ulazimo u antropocen, eru ljudskih bića.
01:36
So in a way, if we were to say
we need to continue this endless growth,
we need to continue this endless growth,
19
84977
6993
Na neki način,
ako kažemo da moramo da nastavimo
sa ovim beskonačnim razvojem,
sa ovim beskonačnim razvojem,
01:43
endless use of material resources,
20
91970
3646
beskonačnim korišćenjem
materijalnih resursa,
materijalnih resursa,
01:47
it's like if this man was saying --
21
95616
2898
to je kao kad bi ovaj čovek rekao -
01:50
and I heard a former head of state,
I won't mention who, saying --
I won't mention who, saying --
22
98514
4872
a čuo sam bivšeg vođu države,
neću reći kog, kako govori -
neću reći kog, kako govori -
01:55
"Five years ago, we were at
the edge of the precipice.
the edge of the precipice.
23
103386
4009
"Pre pet godina smo bili
na ivici provalije.
na ivici provalije.
01:59
Today we made a big step forward."
24
107395
2577
Danas činimo veliki korak napred."
Ova ivica je isto ono
što su naučnici definisali
što su naučnici definisali
02:02
So this edge is the same
that has been defined by scientists
that has been defined by scientists
25
110587
6003
02:08
as the planetary boundaries.
26
116590
2654
kao planetarna ograničenja.
02:11
And within those boundaries,
they can carry a number of factors.
they can carry a number of factors.
27
119244
4461
A u okviru tih ograničenja
može se nalaziti bezbroj faktora.
može se nalaziti bezbroj faktora.
02:15
We can still prosper, humanity can still
prosper for 150,000 years
prosper for 150,000 years
28
123705
5526
Još možemo da napredujemo,
čovečanstvo može da napreduje
još 150 000 godina
još 150 000 godina
02:21
if we keep the same stability of climate
29
129231
3332
ako održimo istu stabilnost klime
02:24
as in the Holocene
for the last 10,000 years.
for the last 10,000 years.
30
132563
3158
kao u holocenu poslednjih 10 000 godina.
02:27
But this depends on choosing
a voluntary simplicity,
a voluntary simplicity,
31
135721
5758
Ali ovo zavisi
od odabira dobrovoljne jednostavnosti,
od odabira dobrovoljne jednostavnosti,
02:33
growing qualitatively, not quantitatively.
32
141479
2681
razvijanja kvalitativno, ne kvantitativno.
02:36
So in 1900, as you can see,
we were well within the limits of safety.
we were well within the limits of safety.
33
144160
6234
1900. godine, kao što vidite,
bili smo u okvirima sigurnosti.
bili smo u okvirima sigurnosti.
02:42
Now, in 1950 came the great acceleration.
34
150394
5399
1950. godine je došlo veliko ubrzanje.
02:47
Now hold your breath, not too long,
to imagine what comes next.
to imagine what comes next.
35
155793
4969
Sada zadržite dah, ne predugo,
da zamislite šta sledi.
da zamislite šta sledi.
02:52
Now we have vastly overrun
some of the planetary boundaries.
some of the planetary boundaries.
36
160762
6145
Sada smo znatno prešli
neke od planetarnih ograničenja.
neke od planetarnih ograničenja.
02:58
Just to take biodiversity,
at the current rate,
at the current rate,
37
166907
3959
Ako uzmemo samo bioraznolikost,
trenutnom stopom,
trenutnom stopom,
03:02
by 2050, 30 percent of all species
on Earth will have disappeared.
on Earth will have disappeared.
38
170866
6422
do 2050. godine,
30 posto svih vrsta na Zemlji će nestati.
30 posto svih vrsta na Zemlji će nestati.
03:09
Even if we keep their DNA in some fridge,
that's not going to be reversible.
that's not going to be reversible.
39
177288
5797
Čak i ako sačuvamo njihovu DNK
u nekom frižideru, to se neće preokrenuti.
u nekom frižideru, to se neće preokrenuti.
03:15
So here I am sitting
40
183085
1851
Evo mene kako sedim
03:16
in front of a 7,000-meter-high,
21,000-foot glacier in Bhutan.
21,000-foot glacier in Bhutan.
41
184936
5900
ispred lednika u Butanu
visokog 7 000 metara.
visokog 7 000 metara.
03:22
At the Third Pole, 2,000 glaciers
are melting fast, faster than the Arctic.
are melting fast, faster than the Arctic.
42
190836
7151
Na Trećem polu se 2 000 lednika
ubrzano topi, brže nego na Arktiku.
ubrzano topi, brže nego na Arktiku.
03:29
So what can we do in that situation?
43
197987
3007
Šta možemo da učinimo u toj situaciji?
03:34
Well, however complex
politically, economically, scientifically
politically, economically, scientifically
44
202144
7309
Pa, koliko god da je složeno
politički, ekonomski, naučno,
politički, ekonomski, naučno,
03:41
the question of the environment is,
45
209453
2398
pitanje životne sredine,
03:43
it simply boils down to a question
of altruism versus selfishness.
of altruism versus selfishness.
46
211851
6827
jednostavno se svodi na pitanje
altruizma naspram sebičnosti.
altruizma naspram sebičnosti.
03:50
I'm a Marxist of the Groucho tendency.
47
218678
3609
Ja sam marksista sa Graučo tendencijom.
03:54
(Laughter)
48
222287
1425
(Smeh)
03:55
Groucho Marx said, "Why should I care
about future generations?
about future generations?
49
223712
3409
Graučo Marks je rekao: "Zašto bi me
bilo briga za buduće generacije?"
bilo briga za buduće generacije?"
03:59
What have they ever done for me?"
50
227121
2030
Šta su one ikad uradile za mene?"
04:01
(Laughter)
51
229151
1496
(Smeh)
04:02
Unfortunately, I heard
the billionaire Steve Forbes,
the billionaire Steve Forbes,
52
230647
4783
Nažalost, čuo sam
milijardera Stiva Forbsa,
milijardera Stiva Forbsa,
04:07
on Fox News, saying exactly
the same thing, but seriously.
the same thing, but seriously.
53
235430
3528
na Foks vestima,
kako govori istu stvar, ali ozbiljno.
kako govori istu stvar, ali ozbiljno.
04:10
He was told about the rise of the ocean,
54
238958
2335
Rečeno mu je za podizanje nivoa okeana,
04:13
and he said, "I find it absurd
to change my behavior today
to change my behavior today
55
241293
3347
a on je rekao: "Smatram da je apsurdno
da menjam svoje ponašanje danas
da menjam svoje ponašanje danas
04:16
for something that will happen
in a hundred years."
in a hundred years."
56
244640
3055
zbog nečega što će se dogoditi
za sto godina."
za sto godina."
04:19
So if you don't care
for future generations,
for future generations,
57
247695
2898
Tako da, ako vas nije briga
za buduće generacije,
za buduće generacije,
04:22
just go for it.
58
250593
2901
samo nastavite.
04:25
So one of the main challenges of our times
59
253494
2926
Jedan od najvećih izazova u naše vreme
04:28
is to reconcile three time scales:
60
256420
3118
jeste pomiriti tri vremenska merila:
04:31
the short term of the economy,
61
259538
2145
kratkoročno ekonomsko,
04:33
the ups and downs of the stock market,
the end-of-the-year accounts;
the end-of-the-year accounts;
62
261683
4232
uspone i padove na berzi,
proračune na kraju godine;
proračune na kraju godine;
04:37
the midterm of the quality of life --
63
265915
2706
srednjoročno vezano za kvalitet života -
04:40
what is the quality every moment of our
life, over 10 years and 20 years? --
life, over 10 years and 20 years? --
64
268621
5324
kakav je kvalitet svakog trenutka
našeg života, tokom 10 i 20 godina? -
našeg života, tokom 10 i 20 godina? -
04:45
and the long term of the environment.
65
273945
3609
i dugoročno merilo životne sredine.
04:49
When the environmentalists
speak with economists,
speak with economists,
66
277554
2349
Kada ekolozi govore sa ekonomistima,
04:51
it's like a schizophrenic dialogue,
completely incoherent.
completely incoherent.
67
279903
3079
to liči na šizofreni dijalog,
potpuno nepovezan.
potpuno nepovezan.
04:54
They don't speak the same language.
68
282982
2832
Oni ne govore istim jezikom.
04:57
Now, for the last 10 years,
I went around the world
I went around the world
69
285814
3540
Poslednjih 10 godina,
išao sam svetom
išao sam svetom
05:01
meeting economists, scientists,
neuroscientists, environmentalists,
neuroscientists, environmentalists,
70
289354
4098
srećući se sa ekonomistima, naučnicima,
neurolozima, ekolozima,
neurolozima, ekolozima,
filozofima, misliocima
na Himalajima, svuda,
na Himalajima, svuda,
05:05
philosophers, thinkers
in the Himalayas, all over the place.
in the Himalayas, all over the place.
71
293452
4460
05:09
It seems to me, there's only one concept
72
297912
3922
Čini mi se da postoji samo jedan koncept
05:13
that can reconcile
those three time scales.
those three time scales.
73
301834
2960
koji može pomiriti
ta tri vremenska merila.
ta tri vremenska merila.
05:16
It is simply having more
consideration for others.
consideration for others.
74
304794
4404
To je prosto imati
više obzira prema drugima.
više obzira prema drugima.
05:21
If you have more consideration for others,
you will have a caring economics,
you will have a caring economics,
75
309198
4901
Ako imate više obzira prema drugima,
imaćete ekonomiju kojoj je stalo,
imaćete ekonomiju kojoj je stalo,
05:26
where finance is at the service of society
76
314099
2952
gde su finansije u službi društva
05:29
and not society at the service of finance.
77
317051
3268
a nije društvo u službi finansija.
05:32
You will not play at the casino
78
320319
1868
Nećete igrati u kazinu
05:34
with the resources that people
have entrusted you with.
have entrusted you with.
79
322187
2886
sa sredstvima koja su vam ljudi poverili.
05:37
If you have more consideration for others,
80
325073
2846
Ako imate više obzira prema drugima,
05:39
you will make sure
that you remedy inequality,
that you remedy inequality,
81
327919
3477
potrudićete se da otklanjate nejednakost,
05:43
that you bring some kind
of well-being within society,
of well-being within society,
82
331396
3740
da dajete društvu neku vrstu dobrobiti,
05:47
in education, at the workplace.
83
335136
2040
u obrazovanju, na radnom mestu.
05:49
Otherwise, a nation that is
the most powerful and the richest
the most powerful and the richest
84
337176
3423
U suprotnom, imate naciju koja je
najmoćnija i najbogatija
najmoćnija i najbogatija
05:52
but everyone is miserable,
what's the point?
what's the point?
85
340599
3087
ali svi su nesrećni, pa ima li onda svrhe?
05:55
And if you have more
consideration for others,
consideration for others,
86
343686
2287
I ako imate više obzira prema drugima,
05:57
you are not going to ransack
that planet that we have
that planet that we have
87
345973
3396
nećete poremetiti planetu koju imamo
06:01
and at the current rate, we don't
have three planets to continue that way.
have three planets to continue that way.
88
349369
4334
trenutnom stopom, nemamo tri planete
da bismo tako nastavili.
da bismo tako nastavili.
06:05
So the question is,
89
353703
2353
Dakle pitanje je,
06:08
okay, altruism is the answer,
it's not just a novel ideal,
it's not just a novel ideal,
90
356056
4331
okej, altruizam je odgovor,
to nije novi ideal,
to nije novi ideal,
06:12
but can it be a real, pragmatic solution?
91
360387
3224
ali može li biti realno,
pragmatično rešenje?
pragmatično rešenje?
06:15
And first of all, does it exist,
92
363611
2858
I pre svega, da li postoji
06:18
true altruism, or are we so selfish?
93
366469
3744
istinski altruizam ili smo toliko sebični?
06:22
So some philosophers thought
we were irredeemably selfish.
we were irredeemably selfish.
94
370213
5340
Neki filozofi su smatrali
da smo nepopravljivo sebični.
da smo nepopravljivo sebični.
06:27
But are we really all just like rascals?
95
375553
5212
Ali da li smo stvarno svi nitkovi?
06:32
That's good news, isn't it?
96
380765
2814
To su dobre vesti, zar ne?
06:35
Many philosophers,
like Hobbes, have said so.
like Hobbes, have said so.
97
383579
2529
Mnogi filozofi, poput Hobsa,
su to govorili.
su to govorili.
06:38
But not everyone looks like a rascal.
98
386108
3321
Ali ne izgleda svako kao nitkov.
06:41
Or is man a wolf for man?
99
389429
2833
Ili je čovek čoveku vuk?
06:44
But this guy doesn't seem too bad.
100
392262
2888
Ali ovaj tip ne izgleda tako loše.
06:47
He's one of my friends in Tibet.
101
395150
2923
On je jedan od mojih prijatelja na Tibetu.
06:50
He's very kind.
102
398073
2239
Veoma je dobar.
06:52
So now, we love cooperation.
103
400312
3625
Mi volimo saradnju.
06:55
There's no better joy
than working together, is there?
than working together, is there?
104
403937
4338
Nema većeg zadovoljstva
nego zajednički raditi, zar ne?
nego zajednički raditi, zar ne?
07:00
And then not only humans.
105
408275
4075
I to ne samo kod ljudi.
07:04
Then, of course, there's
the struggle for life,
the struggle for life,
106
412350
2487
Zatim, naravno, tu je borba za život,
07:06
the survival of the fittest,
social Darwinism.
social Darwinism.
107
414837
4341
preživljavanje najsposobnijih,
socijalni darvinizam.
socijalni darvinizam.
07:11
But in evolution, cooperation --
though competition exists, of course --
though competition exists, of course --
108
419178
5837
Ali u evoluciji, saradnja -
mada nadmetanje postoji, naravno -
mada nadmetanje postoji, naravno -
07:17
cooperation has to be much more creative
to go to increased levels of complexity.
to go to increased levels of complexity.
109
425015
5717
saradnja mora da bude mnogo kreativnija
da bi se prešlo na veći nivo složenosti.
da bi se prešlo na veći nivo složenosti.
07:22
We are super-cooperators
and we should even go further.
and we should even go further.
110
430732
4682
Mi smo super-saradnici
i trebalo bi da još više napredujemo.
i trebalo bi da još više napredujemo.
07:27
So now, on top of that,
the quality of human relationships.
the quality of human relationships.
111
435414
6029
Povrh toga, kvalitet ljudskih odnosa.
07:33
The OECD did a survey among 10 factors,
including income, everything.
including income, everything.
112
441443
4482
OECD je obavio istraživanje
sa 10 faktora, uključujući prihod, sve.
sa 10 faktora, uključujući prihod, sve.
07:37
The first one that people said,
that's the main thing for my happiness,
that's the main thing for my happiness,
113
445925
3343
Prvo za šta su ljudi rekli
da je to glavna stvar za njihovu sreću
da je to glavna stvar za njihovu sreću
07:41
is quality of social relationships.
114
449268
3353
je kvalitet društvenih odnosa.
07:44
Not only in humans.
115
452621
2877
Ne samo kod ljudi.
07:47
And look at those great-grandmothers.
116
455498
3346
Pogledajte te prabake.
07:50
So now, this idea
that if we go deep within,
that if we go deep within,
117
458846
5154
E sad, ta ideja da
ako se zagledamo u dubinu,
ako se zagledamo u dubinu,
07:56
we are irredeemably selfish,
118
464000
2570
nepopravljivo smo sebični,
07:58
this is armchair science.
119
466570
2654
to je pseudonauka.
08:01
There is not a single sociological study,
120
469224
2267
Ne postoji nijedno
sociološko istraživanje,
sociološko istraživanje,
08:03
psychological study,
that's ever shown that.
that's ever shown that.
121
471491
3246
psihološko istraživanje,
koje je to ikada pokazalo.
koje je to ikada pokazalo.
08:06
Rather, the opposite.
122
474737
1960
Upravo suprotno.
08:08
My friend, Daniel Batson,
spent a whole life
spent a whole life
123
476697
3658
Moj prijatelj Danijel Betson
je proveo čitav život
je proveo čitav život
08:12
putting people in the lab
in very complex situations.
in very complex situations.
124
480355
2763
stavljajući ljude u laboratoriji
u vrlo složene situacije.
u vrlo složene situacije.
08:15
And of course we are sometimes selfish,
and some people more than others.
and some people more than others.
125
483118
4369
Naravno da smo ponekad sebični,
a neki ljudi više od drugih.
a neki ljudi više od drugih.
08:19
But he found that systematically,
no matter what,
no matter what,
126
487487
2662
Ali on je otkrio da sistematično,
bez obzira na sve,
bez obzira na sve,
08:22
there's a significant number of people
127
490149
3000
postoji značajan broj ljudi
08:25
who do behave altruistically,
no matter what.
no matter what.
128
493149
3355
koji se ponašaju altruistično,
šta god da se desi.
šta god da se desi.
08:28
If you see someone
deeply wounded, great suffering,
deeply wounded, great suffering,
129
496504
3192
Ako vidite nekoga
duboko ranjenog, u velikoj patnji,
duboko ranjenog, u velikoj patnji,
08:31
you might just help
out of empathic distress --
out of empathic distress --
130
499696
2622
možda ćete pomoći samo
iz empatične uznemirenosti -
iz empatične uznemirenosti -
08:34
you can't stand it, so it's better to help
than to keep on looking at that person.
than to keep on looking at that person.
131
502318
4150
ne možete to podneti,
pa je bolje da pomognete
nego da i dalje gledate tu osobu.
nego da i dalje gledate tu osobu.
08:38
So we tested all that, and in the end,
he said, clearly people can be altruistic.
he said, clearly people can be altruistic.
132
506468
5876
Proverili smo sve to,
i na kraju, rekao je,
i na kraju, rekao je,
jasno je da ljudi mogu biti altruistični.
To su dobre vesti.
08:44
So that's good news.
133
512344
1940
08:46
And even further, we should look
at the banality of goodness.
at the banality of goodness.
134
514284
5612
Štaviše, trebalo bi da pogledamo
banalnost dobrote.
banalnost dobrote.
08:51
Now look at here.
135
519896
1704
Pogledajte sad ovde.
08:53
When we come out, we aren't
going to say, "That's so nice.
going to say, "That's so nice.
136
521600
2770
Kada izađemo, nećemo reći:
"To je tako lepo.
"To je tako lepo.
08:56
There was no fistfight while this mob
was thinking about altruism."
was thinking about altruism."
137
524370
4567
Nije bilo tuče dok je ova rulja
mislila o altruizmu."
mislila o altruizmu."
09:00
No, that's expected, isn't it?
138
528937
2162
Ne, to je očekivano, zar ne?
09:03
If there was a fistfight,
we would speak of that for months.
we would speak of that for months.
139
531099
3179
Ako bi bilo tuče,
pričali bismo o tome mesecima.
pričali bismo o tome mesecima.
09:06
So the banality of goodness is something
that doesn't attract your attention,
that doesn't attract your attention,
140
534278
3671
Banalnost dobrote je nešto
što ne privlači vašu pažnju,
što ne privlači vašu pažnju,
09:09
but it exists.
141
537949
1488
ali postoji.
09:11
Now, look at this.
142
539437
5476
Sada pogledajte ovo.
09:21
So some psychologists said,
143
549253
2801
Neki psiholozi su rekli,
09:24
when I tell them I run 140 humanitarian
projects in the Himalayas
projects in the Himalayas
144
552054
3237
kada im kažem da vodim
140 humanitarnih projekata na Himalajima
140 humanitarnih projekata na Himalajima
09:27
that give me so much joy,
145
555291
2254
koji mi pružaju toliko radosti,
09:29
they said, "Oh, I see,
you work for the warm glow.
you work for the warm glow.
146
557545
3254
kažu mi: "O, shvatam,
radiš za osećaj topline.
radiš za osećaj topline.
09:32
That is not altruistic.
You just feel good."
You just feel good."
147
560799
2904
To nije altruistično.
Samo se dobro osećaš."
Samo se dobro osećaš."
09:35
You think this guy,
when he jumped in front of the train,
when he jumped in front of the train,
148
563703
3288
Mislite da je ovaj tip,
kada je skočio ispred voza,
kada je skočio ispred voza,
pomislio: "Da li ću se osećati dobro
kada se ovo završi?"
kada se ovo završi?"
09:38
he thought, "I'm going to feel
so good when this is over?"
so good when this is over?"
149
566991
2286
09:41
(Laughter)
150
569277
2286
(Smeh)
09:43
But that's not the end of it.
151
571563
2286
Ali to nije kraj.
09:45
They say, well, but when
you interviewed him, he said,
you interviewed him, he said,
152
573849
2542
Kažu, ali kada ste ga intervjuisali,
rekao je:
rekao je:
09:48
"I had no choice.
I had to jump, of course."
I had to jump, of course."
153
576391
3135
"Nisam imao izbora.
Morao sam da skočim, naravno."
Morao sam da skočim, naravno."
09:51
He has no choice. Automatic behavior.
It's neither selfish nor altruistic.
It's neither selfish nor altruistic.
154
579526
3881
Nije imao izbora.
Automatizovano ponašanje.
Automatizovano ponašanje.
Nije ni sebično ni altruistično.
Nije imao izbora?
09:55
No choice?
155
583407
1475
09:56
Well of course, this guy's
not going to think for half an hour,
not going to think for half an hour,
156
584882
2962
Pa naravno, ovaj tip
neće da razmišlja pola sata:
neće da razmišlja pola sata:
09:59
"Should I give my hand? Not give my hand?"
157
587844
2037
"Da li da pružim ruku?
Da li da ne pružim ruku?"
Da li da ne pružim ruku?"
10:01
He does it. There is a choice,
but it's obvious, it's immediate.
but it's obvious, it's immediate.
158
589881
3795
On to čini. Postoji izbor,
ali je očigledno, u trenutku.
ali je očigledno, u trenutku.
10:05
And then, also, there he had a choice.
159
593676
2361
I takođe, on je imao izbora.
10:08
(Laughter)
160
596037
2701
(Smeh)
10:10
There are people who had choice,
like Pastor André Trocmé and his wife,
like Pastor André Trocmé and his wife,
161
598738
3762
Postoje ljudi koji su imali izbora,
kao što je pastor Andre Trokme
i njegova žena,
i njegova žena,
10:14
and the whole village
of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in France.
of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in France.
162
602500
2687
i celo selo Le Šambon-sur-Linjon
u Francuskoj.
u Francuskoj.
10:17
For the whole Second World War,
they saved 3,500 Jews,
they saved 3,500 Jews,
163
605187
3948
Tokom celog Drugog svetskog rata
spasili su 3500 Jevreja,
spasili su 3500 Jevreja,
10:21
gave them shelter,
brought them to Switzerland,
brought them to Switzerland,
164
609135
2657
pružili im utocište,
vratili ih u Švajcarsku,
vratili ih u Švajcarsku,
10:23
against all odds, at the risk
of their lives and those of their family.
of their lives and those of their family.
165
611792
3445
suprotno svim očekivanjima, rizikujući
svoje živote i živote svoje porodice.
svoje živote i živote svoje porodice.
10:27
So altruism does exist.
166
615237
2157
Dakle altruizam postoji.
10:29
So what is altruism?
167
617394
1725
Šta je altruizam?
10:31
It is the wish: May others be happy
and find the cause of happiness.
and find the cause of happiness.
168
619119
3902
To jr želja: neka drugi budu srećni
i pronađu razlog za sreću.
i pronađu razlog za sreću.
10:35
Now, empathy is the affective resonance
or cognitive resonance that tells you,
or cognitive resonance that tells you,
169
623021
5245
Empatija je afektivna rezonanca
ili kognitivna rezonanca koja vam govori:
ili kognitivna rezonanca koja vam govori:
10:40
this person is joyful,
this person suffers.
this person suffers.
170
628266
2711
ova osoba je vesela, ova osoba pati.
10:42
But empathy alone is not sufficient.
171
630977
3486
Ali sama empatija nije dovoljna.
10:46
If you keep on being
confronted with suffering,
confronted with suffering,
172
634463
2223
Ako nastavljate da se
suočavate sa patnjom,
suočavate sa patnjom,
10:48
you might have empathic distress, burnout,
173
636686
2761
možete imati empatijski slom, izgaranje,
10:51
so you need the greater sphere
of loving-kindness.
of loving-kindness.
174
639447
4060
pa vam treba veći delokrug dobrote.
10:55
With Tania Singer at the Max Planck
Institute of Leipzig,
Institute of Leipzig,
175
643507
2727
Sa Tanjom Singder i Maksom Plankom
sa Instituta u Lajpcigu,
sa Instituta u Lajpcigu,
10:58
we showed that the brain networks for
empathy and loving-kindness are different.
empathy and loving-kindness are different.
176
646234
6101
pokazali smo da su moždane mreže
za empatiju i dobrotu različite.
za empatiju i dobrotu različite.
11:04
Now, that's all well done,
177
652335
2081
To je sve dobro urađeno,
11:06
so we got that from evolution,
from maternal care, parental love,
from maternal care, parental love,
178
654416
5374
pa to dobijamo evolucijom,
majčinskom negom, roditeljskom ljubavlju,
majčinskom negom, roditeljskom ljubavlju,
11:11
but we need to extend that.
179
659790
1835
ali moramo to da proširimo.
11:13
It can be extended even to other species.
180
661625
3343
Može se proširiti čak i na druge vrste.
11:16
Now, if we want a more altruistic society,
we need two things:
we need two things:
181
664968
4407
Ako želimo altruističnije društvo,
potrebne su nam dve stvari:
potrebne su nam dve stvari:
11:21
individual change and societal change.
182
669375
3217
individualna promena i društvena promena.
11:24
So is individual change possible?
183
672592
2558
Da li je individualna promena moguća?
11:27
Two thousand years
of contemplative study said yes, it is.
of contemplative study said yes, it is.
184
675150
3199
Dve hiljade godina dubokoumnih
istraživanja kažu da, moguća je.
istraživanja kažu da, moguća je.
11:30
Now, 15 years of collaboration
with neuroscience and epigenetics
with neuroscience and epigenetics
185
678349
3602
15 godina saradnje
sa neurologijom i epigenetikom
sa neurologijom i epigenetikom
11:33
said yes, our brains change
when you train in altruism.
when you train in altruism.
186
681951
4484
reklo je da, naši mozgovi se menjaju
kada vežbamo altruizam.
kada vežbamo altruizam.
11:38
So I spent 120 hours in an MRI machine.
187
686435
4272
Zato sam proveo 120 sati u MRI mašini.
11:42
This is the first time I went
after two and a half hours.
after two and a half hours.
188
690707
2786
Ovo je prvi put kada sam išao
posle dva i po sata.
posle dva i po sata.
11:45
And then the result has been published
in many scientific papers.
in many scientific papers.
189
693493
3674
Zatim su rezultati objavljeni
u mnogim naučnim časopisima.
u mnogim naučnim časopisima.
11:49
It shows without ambiguity
that there is structural change
that there is structural change
190
697167
3582
Pokazuju nedvosmisleno
da dolazi do strukturalne
da dolazi do strukturalne
11:52
and functional change in the brain
when you train the altruistic love.
when you train the altruistic love.
191
700749
3753
i funkcionalne promene u mozgu
kada vežbate altruističnu ljubav.
kada vežbate altruističnu ljubav.
11:56
Just to give you an idea:
192
704502
1750
Samo da imate predstavu:
11:58
this is the meditator at rest on the left,
193
706252
2821
ovo je meditator u mirovanju
sa leve strane,
sa leve strane,
12:01
meditator in compassion meditation,
you see all the activity,
you see all the activity,
194
709073
3703
meditator u saosećajnoj meditaciji,
vidite sve aktivnosti,
vidite sve aktivnosti,
i zatim kontrolna grupa u mirovanju,
ništa se nije dogodilo,
ništa se nije dogodilo,
12:04
and then the control group at rest,
nothing happened,
nothing happened,
195
712776
2554
12:07
in meditation, nothing happened.
196
715330
1942
u medijaciji, ništa se nije desilo.
12:09
They have not been trained.
197
717272
1978
Nisu se vežbali.
12:11
So do you need 50,000 hours
of meditation? No, you don't.
of meditation? No, you don't.
198
719250
4421
Da li vam je potrebno
50 000 sati meditacije? Ne, nije.
50 000 sati meditacije? Ne, nije.
12:15
Four weeks, 20 minutes a day,
of caring, mindfulness meditation
of caring, mindfulness meditation
199
723671
4166
Četiri nedelje, 20 minuta dnevno,
brižne, svesne meditacije
brižne, svesne meditacije
12:19
already brings a structural change
in the brain compared to a control group.
in the brain compared to a control group.
200
727838
6303
već donosi strukturalnu promenu mozga
u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom.
u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom.
12:26
That's only 20 minutes a day
for four weeks.
for four weeks.
201
734141
3738
To je samo 20 minuta dnevno
tokom četiri nedelje.
tokom četiri nedelje.
12:29
Even with preschoolers --
Richard Davidson did that in Madison.
Richard Davidson did that in Madison.
202
737879
3338
Čak i kod predškolaca -
Ričard Dejvidson je to uradio u Medisonu.
Ričard Dejvidson je to uradio u Medisonu.
12:33
An eight-week program: gratitude, loving-
kindness, cooperation, mindful breathing.
kindness, cooperation, mindful breathing.
203
741217
6410
Osmonedeljni program: zahvalnost,
dobrota, saradnja, svesno disanje.
dobrota, saradnja, svesno disanje.
12:39
You would say,
"Oh, they're just preschoolers."
"Oh, they're just preschoolers."
204
747627
2255
Reći ćete: "To su samo predškolci."
12:41
Look after eight weeks,
205
749882
1626
Pogledajte nakon osam nedelja,
12:43
the pro-social behavior,
that's the blue line.
that's the blue line.
206
751508
2450
prosocijalno ponašanje,
to je plava linija.
to je plava linija.
12:45
And then comes the ultimate
scientific test, the stickers test.
scientific test, the stickers test.
207
753958
5444
I zatim dolazi glavni naučni test,
test sa nalepnicama.
test sa nalepnicama.
12:51
Before, you determine for each child
who is their best friend in the class,
who is their best friend in the class,
208
759402
3948
Najpre odredite za svako dete
ko je njihov najbolji prijatelj u razredu,
ko je njihov najbolji prijatelj u razredu,
12:55
their least favorite child,
an unknown child, and the sick child,
an unknown child, and the sick child,
209
763350
4075
najneomiljenije dete,
nepoznato dete, bolesno dete,
nepoznato dete, bolesno dete,
12:59
and they have to give stickers away.
210
767425
2704
i morali su da daju nalepnice.
13:02
So before the intervention,
they give most of it to their best friend.
they give most of it to their best friend.
211
770129
4052
Pre intervencije, daju njihov veći deo
svom najboljem prijatelju.
svom najboljem prijatelju.
13:06
Four, five years old,
20 minutes three times a week.
20 minutes three times a week.
212
774181
3459
Deca od četiri, pet godina,
20 minuta, tri puta nedeljno.
20 minuta, tri puta nedeljno.
13:09
After the intervention,
no more discrimination:
no more discrimination:
213
777640
3483
Nakon intervencije,
nema više diskriminacije:
nema više diskriminacije:
13:13
the same amount of stickers to their
best friend and the least favorite child.
best friend and the least favorite child.
214
781123
3925
ista količina nalepnica njhovom najboljem
prijatelju i najneomiljenijem detetu.
prijatelju i najneomiljenijem detetu.
13:17
That's something we should do
in all the schools in the world.
in all the schools in the world.
215
785048
3388
To je nešto što bi trebalo da uradimo
u svim školama na svetu.
u svim školama na svetu.
13:20
Now where do we go from there?
216
788436
1994
Kuda sad idemo sa tim?
13:22
(Applause)
217
790430
4248
(Aplauz)
13:26
When the Dalai Lama heard that,
he told Richard Davidson,
he told Richard Davidson,
218
794678
2681
Kada je Dalaj Lama to čuo,
rekao je Ričardu Dejvidsonu:
rekao je Ričardu Dejvidsonu:
13:29
"You go to 10 schools, 100 schools,
the U.N., the whole world."
the U.N., the whole world."
219
797359
3456
"Idi u 10 škola, 100 škola, UN, ceo svet."
13:32
So now where do we go from there?
220
800815
1684
U kom pravcu sad idemo sa tim?
13:34
Individual change is possible.
221
802499
2263
Individualna promena je moguća.
13:36
Now do we have to wait for an altruistic
gene to be in the human race?
gene to be in the human race?
222
804762
4616
Da li moramo da čekamo da se javi
altruistički gen kod ljudskog roda?
altruistički gen kod ljudskog roda?
13:41
That will take 50,000 years,
too much for the environment.
too much for the environment.
223
809378
3754
Za to je potrebno 50 000 godina,
previše za životnu sredinu.
previše za životnu sredinu.
13:45
Fortunately, there is
the evolution of culture.
the evolution of culture.
224
813132
4435
Srećom, postoji evolucija kulture.
13:49
Cultures, as specialists have shown,
change faster than genes.
change faster than genes.
225
817567
5734
Kulture se, kako su specijalisti pokazali,
menjaju brže od gena.
menjaju brže od gena.
13:55
That's the good news.
226
823301
1528
To su dobre vesti.
13:56
Look, attitude towards war
has dramatically changed over the years.
has dramatically changed over the years.
227
824829
3360
Vidite, stavovi prema ratu
su se drastično izmenili proteklih godina.
su se drastično izmenili proteklih godina.
14:00
So now individual change and cultural
change mutually fashion each other,
change mutually fashion each other,
228
828189
5181
Individualna promena i promene u kulturi
se sada međusobno oblikuju,
se sada međusobno oblikuju,
14:05
and yes, we can achieve
a more altruistic society.
a more altruistic society.
229
833370
2776
i da, možemo postići
altruističnije društvo.
altruističnije društvo.
14:08
So where do we go from there?
230
836146
1742
Kuda sad odavde?
14:09
Myself, I will go back to the East.
231
837888
2249
Što se mene tiče, vraćam se na istok.
Sada pružamo tretman
Sada pružamo tretman
14:12
Now we treat 100,000 patients
a year in our projects.
a year in our projects.
232
840137
3460
za 100 000 pacijenata godišnje
u našim projektima.
u našim projektima.
14:15
We have 25,000 kids in school,
four percent overhead.
four percent overhead.
233
843597
3749
Imamo 25 000 dece u školi,
četiri odsto dodatnih troškova.
četiri odsto dodatnih troškova.
14:19
Some people say, "Well,
your stuff works in practice,
your stuff works in practice,
234
847346
2575
Neki će reći:
"Pa, tvoje stvari deluju u praksi,
"Pa, tvoje stvari deluju u praksi,
14:21
but does it work in theory?"
235
849921
2024
ali da li funkcionišu u teoriji?"
14:23
There's always positive deviance.
236
851945
3342
Uvek postoji pozitivno odstupanje.
14:27
So I will also go back to my hermitage
237
855287
2419
Takođe ću se vratiti u svoju ćeliju
14:29
to find the inner resources
to better serve others.
to better serve others.
238
857706
3289
da pronađem unutrašnja sredstva
kako bih bolje služio drugima.
kako bih bolje služio drugima.
14:32
But on the more global level,
what can we do?
what can we do?
239
860995
3187
Ali na globalnijem nivou,
šta možemo da uradimo?
šta možemo da uradimo?
14:36
We need three things.
240
864182
1791
Potrebne su nam tri stvari.
14:37
Enhancing cooperation:
241
865973
2352
Poboljšanje saradnje:
14:40
Cooperative learning in the school
instead of competitive learning,
instead of competitive learning,
242
868325
3716
kooperativno učenje u školi
umesto kompetitivnog učenja.
umesto kompetitivnog učenja.
14:44
Unconditional cooperation
within corporations --
within corporations --
243
872041
3571
Bezuslovna saradnja unutar firmi -
14:47
there can be some competition
between corporations, but not within.
between corporations, but not within.
244
875612
4407
može biti nadmetanja među firmama,
ali ne i unutar.
ali ne i unutar.
14:52
We need sustainable harmony.
I love this term.
I love this term.
245
880019
3952
Potrebna nam je održiva harmonija.
Obožavam taj izraz.
Obožavam taj izraz.
14:55
Not sustainable growth anymore.
246
883971
1943
Ne više održivi razvoj.
14:57
Sustainable harmony means now
we will reduce inequality.
we will reduce inequality.
247
885914
3586
Održiva harmonija znači
da ćemo smanjiti nejednakost.
da ćemo smanjiti nejednakost.
15:01
In the future, we do more with less,
248
889500
4326
Ubuduće, radimo više sa manje,
15:05
and we continue to grow qualitatively,
not quantitatively.
not quantitatively.
249
893826
4484
i nastavljamo da se razvijamo
kvalitativno, ne kvantitativno.
kvalitativno, ne kvantitativno.
15:10
We need caring economics.
250
898310
2305
Potrebna nam je ekonomija kojoj je stalo.
15:12
The Homo economicus cannot deal
with poverty in the midst of plenty,
with poverty in the midst of plenty,
251
900615
5831
Homo ekonomikus se ne može
baviti siromaštvom usred obilja,
baviti siromaštvom usred obilja,
15:18
cannot deal with the problem
of the common goods
of the common goods
252
906446
2352
ne može se baviti
problemom zajedničkih dobara
problemom zajedničkih dobara
15:20
of the atmosphere, of the oceans.
253
908798
2298
atmosfere, okeana.
Potrebna nam je ekonomija koja brine.
15:23
We need a caring economics.
254
911096
1583
15:24
If you say economics
should be compassionate,
should be compassionate,
255
912679
2109
Ako kažete da ekonomija
treba da bude saosećajna,
treba da bude saosećajna,
15:26
they say, "That's not our job."
256
914788
1485
oni kažu: "To nije naš posao."
15:28
But if you say they don't care,
that looks bad.
that looks bad.
257
916273
3315
Ali ako kažete da im nije stalo,
to deluje loše.
to deluje loše.
15:31
We need local commitment,
global responsibility.
global responsibility.
258
919588
3379
Treba nam lokalna posvećenost,
globalna odgovornost.
globalna odgovornost.
15:34
We need to extend altruism
to the other 1.6 million species.
to the other 1.6 million species.
259
922967
5340
Treba da proširimo altruizam
na drugih 1,6 miliona vrsta.
na drugih 1,6 miliona vrsta.
15:40
Sentient beings
are co-citizens in this world.
are co-citizens in this world.
260
928307
3425
Osećajna bića su sugrađani ovog sveta.
15:43
and we need to dare altruism.
261
931732
2992
I treba da se usudimo na altruizam.
15:46
So, long live the altruistic revolution.
262
934724
3881
Neka dugo živi altruistična revolucija.
15:50
Viva la revolución de altruismo.
263
938605
4550
Živela revolucija altruizma.
15:55
(Applause)
264
943155
5360
(Aplauz)
16:00
Thank you.
265
948515
1981
Hvala.
16:02
(Applause)
266
950496
1952
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matthieu Ricard - Monk, author, photographerSometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer.
Why you should listen
After training in biochemistry at the Institute Pasteur, Matthieu Ricard left science behind to move to the Himalayas and become a Buddhist monk -- and to pursue happiness, both at a basic human level and as a subject of inquiry. Achieving happiness, he has come to believe, requires the same kind of effort and mind training that any other serious pursuit involves.
His deep and scientifically tinged reflections on happiness and Buddhism have turned into several books, including The Quantum and the Lotus: A Journey to the Frontiers Where Science and Buddhism Meet. At the same time, he also makes sensitive and jaw-droppingly gorgeous photographs of his beloved Tibet and the spiritual hermitage where he lives and works on humanitarian projects.
His latest book on happiness is Happiness: A Guide to Developing Life's Most Important Skill; his latest book of photographs is Tibet: An Inner Journey.
Matthieu Ricard | Speaker | TED.com