Matthieu Ricard: How to let altruism be your guide
म्याथ्यु रि'का: 'परोपकार'लाई कसरी आफ्नो मार्गदर्शक बनाउने
Sometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer. Full bio
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potential for goodness,
सक्ने असाधारण क्षमता छ
or to destroy.
कामका लागि उपयोग गर्न सकिन्छ ।
rather than a selfish one.
परोपकारको भावनालाई हुर्काउँदै लानुपर्छ
many challenges in our times.
चुनौतीहरूको सामना गरिरहेका छौं
हुन सक्छन्
or our worst enemy.
र अनि त्यसैगरि सबैभन्दा ठूलो दुस्मन पनि
inequalities, conflict, injustice.
अन्यायको बीचमा रहेको गरीबी
which we don't expect.
नयाँ चुनौतीहरू
about five million human beings on Earth.
पचास लाखको हाराहारीमा मान्छेहरू थिए
would soon heal human activities.
गतिविधिलाई निमन पारिहाल्थ्यो
and Technological Revolutions,
अहिले आएर
of impact on our Earth.
प्रमुख कारक हौं
the era of human beings.
युगमा प्रवेश गरिसकेका छौं
we need to continue this endless growth,
क्रमलाई यसरी नै जारी राखिरहने हो भने
उपयोग गरी नै रहने हो भने
I won't mention who, saying --
गर्न चाहन्न उनले भनेको मैले सुनेँथें
the edge of the precipice.
that has been defined by scientists
गरेको छेउ जस्तै ट्वाक्कै हो
they can carry a number of factors.
कारणहरू समाहित गर्न सक्छन्
prosper for 150,000 years
लागि समृद्ध बनाउन सकिन्छ,
कायम राख्न सक्यौं भने
for the last 10,000 years.
नयाँ युगकको रूपमा लिंदै
a voluntary simplicity,
साधारण वृत्तिमा निर्भर रहन्छ
रूपमा हुने वृद्धि
we were well within the limits of safety.
सुरक्षा घेराभित्र राम्रोसँग नै बसेका थियौं
to imagine what comes next.
अब पछि के आउला भनेर कल्पना गर्न
some of the planetary boundaries.
गरेर धेरै पर पुगिसक्यौं
at the current rate,
on Earth will have disappeared.
मध्ये ३० प्रतिशत प्रजाति लोप भइसक्छन्
that's not going to be reversible.
राख्यौं भने पनि ब्युँताएर ल्याउन सकिंदैन
21,000-foot glacier in Bhutan.
हिमनदीको किनारमा
are melting fast, faster than the Arctic.
politically, economically, scientifically
वैज्ञानिक हिसाबले जतिसुकै जटिल भए पनि
of altruism versus selfishness.
सवालमा गएर टुङ्गिन्छ ।
मार्क्सबादी हुँ
about future generations?
भविष्यको लागि किन चिन्ता गरौं,
नै पो गरेका छन् र ?
the billionaire Steve Forbes,
फोर्ब्सको भनाइ पनि सुनें
the same thing, but seriously.
भन्दै थिए, तर अलि गम्भीर पारामा
बारेमा भनिएको थियो ।
to change my behavior today
सय वर्षपछि के हुँदैछ भनेर अहिले
in a hundred years."
एकदमै बेतुकको कुरा हो”
for future generations,
पुस्ताको लागि चिन्ता नगर्ने र
मिलाउनुपर्ने हुन्छ ।
the end-of-the-year accounts;
खातापाताको समाप्ति,
life, over 10 years and 20 years? --
जीवनको हरेक पक्षमा कति फरक हुन्छ ?
कति फरक पर्ला ?
speak with economists,
वार्ता गर्छन्
completely incoherent.
पागलपनको संवाद जस्तो हुन्छ
I went around the world
neuroscientists, environmentalists,
श्नायुविज्ञानविद्, पर्यावरणविद्
in the Himalayas, all over the place.
बस्ने विचारकहरूसँग भेटघाट गरेँ
सबैको एउटै मात्र अवधारणा छ कि
those three time scales.
consideration for others.
लागि महत्व दिनु हो
you will have a caring economics,
भने परोपकारी अर्थव्यवस्थाको वृद्धि हुनेछ
have entrusted you with.
सुम्पेको नासो लिएर गएर
अत्यधिक ध्यान दिन थाल्नुभयो भने
that you remedy inequality,
औषधि फेला पार्नुहुनेछ
of well-being within society,
समाजलाई केही न केही दिन सक्नुहुनेछ
the most powerful and the richest
अनि अत्यधिक धनी पनि छ
what's the point?
भने के अर्थ भयो र ?
consideration for others,
ध्यान दिनुहुन्छ भने पनि
that planet that we have
होइन नि !
have three planets to continue that way.
हामीले तीन वटा ग्रह बनाउन पनि त सक्दैनौं
it's not just a novel ideal,
अद्भूत आदर्श जवाफ मात्र नभएर
पनि हुन सक्छ त ?
अस्तित्व छ कि छैन ?
यतिविधि स्वर्थी भइसक्यौं ?
we were irredeemably selfish.
हदैसम्मको स्वार्थी छैं भन्ने सोच्दछन्
गरेजस्तो छलछाम मात्रै गरिरहेका छौं त?
like Hobbes, have said so.
ब्वाँसो हुन पुग्यो कि ?
than working together, is there?
छैन, छ र ?
the struggle for life,
social Darwinism.
सामजिक डार्विनवाद
though competition exists, of course --
प्रतिस्पर्धा बढी हुन्छ । अवश्यमेव,
to go to increased levels of complexity.
सहकार्य बढी रचनात्मक हुनुपर्छ ।
and we should even go further.
उच्चतातिरै अघि बढ्नुपर्छ
the quality of human relationships.
सम्बन्धको आचरण हुन्छ
including income, everything.
१० विधामा सर्वेक्षण गराएको थियो
that's the main thing for my happiness,
भने मेरो खुशीको मुख्य कुरा नै
that if we go deep within,
पुग्ने विचार हो भने
स्वार्थी हुनेछौं
that's ever shown that.
देखाइएको छैन
spent a whole life
in very complex situations.
मान्छेहरूलाई परीक्षण गरेर विताए
and some people more than others.
अवश्य स्वार्थी छौं, अनि केही मानिस
no matter what,
छन् । उनले सिद्धान्ततः
no matter what.
कहीँ न कहीँ परोपकारको भावना रहेको छ ।
deeply wounded, great suffering,
आपतमा परेको कसैलाई देख्यौं भने
out of empathic distress --
प्रेमले सहायता गर्न थालिन्छ
than to keep on looking at that person.
बस्न हाम्रो मन मान्दैन
he said, clearly people can be altruistic.
गरे पनि मान्छेमा कतै न कतै परोपकारको
हो यो नै असली समाचार हो
at the banality of goodness.
भलाइलाई साधारण दृष्टिकोणबाट हेर्नुपर्दछ
going to say, "That's so nice.
यसो भनिहाल्दैनौं कि
was thinking about altruism."
परोपकारिताको बारेमा सोचिरहेको थियो
we would speak of that for months.
भए हामी महीनौं यसको चर्चा गर्ने थियौं
that doesn't attract your attention,
त हो तर यसले तपाईको ध्यान आकर्षण गर्दैन
जब मैले उनीहरूलाई
projects in the Himalayas
मानवीय परियोजनाहरू चलाइरहेको छु
you work for the warm glow.
सहायता गरेर आफू आनन्द लिने पो रहेछौ
You just feel good."
when he jumped in front of the train,
रेलको लिकबाट उफ्रेको व्यक्तिले
so good when this is over?"
आनन्द हुन्थे भन्ठान्यो होला
you interviewed him, he said,
प्रश्न गर्दा उसले भन्यो
I had to jump, of course."
मैले जसरी पनि उफ्रिनु नै थियो ।”
It's neither selfish nor altruistic.
स्फूर्त व्यवहार, न स्वार्थी न त परोपकारी
not going to think for half an hour,
घण्टासम्म सोच्ने समय रहन्न
but it's obvious, it's immediate.
यो स्वचालित क्रिया हो ।
like Pastor André Trocmé and his wife,
कि पास्चर आन्द्रे ट्रोच्मे र उनकी श्रीमती
of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in France.
गाउँका सारा वासिन्दा
they saved 3,500 Jews,
३५०० यहुदीहरूको ज्यान बचाए
brought them to Switzerland,
स्वीजरल्याण्डसम्म पुर्याए
of their lives and those of their family.
परिवारको ज्यानको खतरा समेत मोलेर
and find the cause of happiness.
कारण पहिल्याऊन् ।” भन्ने कामना
or cognitive resonance that tells you,
प्रतिध्वनि वा संज्ञानात्मक प्रतिध्वनि हो
this person suffers.
छ उ दुःखी छ भनेर देखाउछ
confronted with suffering,
सामना गरिरहनुपरेको छ भने
तनावग्रस्त अवस्था छ भने
of loving-kindness.
दया र प्रेमपूर्वकको अनुकम्पा आवश्यकता पर्छ
Institute of Leipzig,
इन्स्टिच्युटमा तानिया सिङ्गरसग
empathy and loving-kindness are different.
सँगको नेटवर्क फरक फरक हुन्छ"
प्रयोग गरेर देखायौ
from maternal care, parental love,
अनि पिताको प्यारबाट यी कुराहरू पायौं
we need two things:
चाहना गर्छौ भने दुई कुराको जरुरत हुन्छ
of contemplative study said yes, it is.
चिन्तनशील अध्ययनले सम्भव छ भन्छ
with neuroscience and epigenetics
वर्ष लामो सहकार्यले पनि सम्भव छ भन्छ
when you train in altruism.
हाम्रो मस्तिष्क संरचनामा परिवर्तन हुन्छ
MRI यन्त्रमा बिताएँ
after two and a half hours.
पछिको यो पहिलो भेटघाट हो
in many scientific papers.
पत्रिकाहरूमा प्रकाशित भइरहेका छन्
that there is structural change
के स्पष्ट पार्छन् भने
when you train the altruistic love.
मस्तिष्कमा परिवर्तन हुँदै जाँदो रहेछ”
रहेको अवस्था हो
you see all the activity,
सबैले यी क्रियाकलाप हेरिरहन सक्नुहुन्छ
nothing happened,
केही असर देखिएन
of meditation? No, you don't.
ध्यानको आवश्यकता पर्छ ? होइन, त्यति पर्दैन
of caring, mindfulness meditation
हप्तासम्म गराइएको चित्तशान्तिको अभ्यासले
in the brain compared to a control group.
गर्न सक्षम भएको देखाएको छ
for four weeks.
४ हप्तासम्म
Richard Davidson did that in Madison.
प्रयोग शिशु छात्रछात्राहरूमा पनि गरे
kindness, cooperation, mindful breathing.
स्नेह, दया, मिलजुल, सचेत भएर श्वासप्रश्वास
"Oh, they're just preschoolers."
शिशु नै पो छन् र
that's the blue line.
सामाजिक व्यवहार देखाउँछ
scientific test, the stickers test.
पालो आउँछ, स्टीकरको परीक्षण
who is their best friend in the class,
उनीहरूका सबभन्दा मिल्ने साथी को हुन्
an unknown child, and the sick child,
हुन् र रोगी को को हुन् भनेर जान्नु अघि
स्टीकर बाँड्न लगाइयो
they give most of it to their best friend.
आफ्ना मन परेका साथीलाई नै ती स्टिकर दिए ।
20 minutes three times a week.
तीन पटक ध्यान गराए पछि
no more discrimination:
best friend and the least favorite child.
बराबरी बाँडिदिए
in all the schools in the world.
स्कुलमा गर्नुपर्छ ।
he told Richard Davidson,
रिचार्ड डेभिड्सनलाई भन्नुभयो
the U.N., the whole world."
संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघ सम्म पुर्याऊ”
gene to be in the human race?
वंशानुगत रूपमा नै आउञ्जेलसम्म पर्खने त ?
too much for the environment.
पर्यावरणको लागि ज्यादै धेरै समय भयो
the evolution of culture.
विकासवाद पनि त छ नि !
change faster than genes.
द्रुतगतिमा परिवर्तन हुन्छ भन्ने देखाएकाछन्
has dramatically changed over the years.
प्रवृत्तिमानाटकीय परिवर्तन भएको छ
change mutually fashion each other,
परिवर्तन एक आपसमा फेसन नै बन्छन्
a more altruistic society.
परोपकारी समाज बनाउछौं
a year in our projects.
१००,००० रोगीको उपचार गर्छौ
four percent overhead.
हाम्रो ४ प्रतिशत व्यय भारमा काम हुन्छ
your stuff works in practice,
कार्यक्रम व्यवहारमा
रूपमा ठीक होला र ?
to better serve others.
सक्ने आन्तरिक साधनहरूको खोजी गर्न
what can we do?
के गर्न सकौंला ?
instead of competitive learning,
सट्टामा सहकारितामूलक सिकाइ सिकाउने,
within corporations --
तहमा निःशर्त सहयोग बढाउने ।
between corporations, but not within.
त हुन सक्छ तर भित्री रूपमा होइन
I love this term.
'दीगो सद्भाव’ म यो शब्द असाध्यै मन पराउँछु
we will reduce inequality.
घटाउँदै लाने भनेको हो
not quantitatively.
वृद्धितर्फ हामी लागिरहन्छौं ।
with poverty in the midst of plenty,
बीचमा रहेको गरीबीलाई सम्बोधन गर्न सक्दैन
of the common goods
सम्बोधन गर्न सक्दैन
should be compassionate,
हुनुपर्छ भन्नुहोला
that looks bad.
गरेनन् भन्नुहोला यो अलि नराम्रो देखिनेछ
global responsibility.
विश्वव्यापी उत्तरदायित्वको आवश्यकता छ
to the other 1.6 million species.
परोपकारी भावनाको विस्तार गर्नु आवश्यक छ
are co-citizens in this world.
यो संसारको सह–नागरिक हुन् ।
गर्ने हिम्मत चाहिएको छ
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matthieu Ricard - Monk, author, photographerSometimes called the "happiest man in the world," Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhist monk, author and photographer.
Why you should listen
After training in biochemistry at the Institute Pasteur, Matthieu Ricard left science behind to move to the Himalayas and become a Buddhist monk -- and to pursue happiness, both at a basic human level and as a subject of inquiry. Achieving happiness, he has come to believe, requires the same kind of effort and mind training that any other serious pursuit involves.
His deep and scientifically tinged reflections on happiness and Buddhism have turned into several books, including The Quantum and the Lotus: A Journey to the Frontiers Where Science and Buddhism Meet. At the same time, he also makes sensitive and jaw-droppingly gorgeous photographs of his beloved Tibet and the spiritual hermitage where he lives and works on humanitarian projects.
His latest book on happiness is Happiness: A Guide to Developing Life's Most Important Skill; his latest book of photographs is Tibet: An Inner Journey.
Matthieu Ricard | Speaker | TED.com