TED2012
Terry Moore: Why is 'x' the unknown?
Teri Mur (Terry Moore): Zašto je "X" nepoznata?
Filmed:
Readability: 5.1
3,872,013 views
Zbog čega je "x" simbol za nepoznatu? U ovom kratkom i zabavnom govoru, Teri Mur daje iznenađujući odgovor.
Terry Moore - Thinker
Terry Moore is the director of the Radius Foundation, a forum for exploring and gaining insight from different worldviews. Full bio
Terry Moore is the director of the Radius Foundation, a forum for exploring and gaining insight from different worldviews. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I have the answer to a question that we've all asked.
0
611
3601
Imam odgovor na pitanje koje smo svi postavljali.
00:20
The question is,
1
4212
1117
Pitanje je:
00:21
Why is it that the letter X
2
5329
2284
zašto je slovo X
00:23
represents the unknown?
3
7613
1998
odabrano da predstavlja nepoznatu?
00:25
Now I know we learned that in math class,
4
9611
2967
Znam da smo svi mi učili to na časovima matematike,
00:28
but now it's everywhere in the culture --
5
12578
1751
ali sada je njegova upotreba proširena u celoj kulturi -
00:30
The X prize, the X-Files,
6
14329
2801
X Nagrada, Dosije-X
00:33
Project X, TEDx.
7
17130
3923
Projekat X, TEDx.
00:36
Where'd that come from?
8
21053
1995
Odakle je to poteklo?
00:38
About six years ago
9
23048
1218
Pre oko šest godina
00:40
I decided that I would learn Arabic,
10
24266
2716
odlučio sam da naučim arapski,
00:42
which turns out to be a supremely logical language.
11
26982
3952
koji se ispostavio da je krajnje logičan jezik.
00:46
To write a word or a phrase
12
30934
2317
Napisati reč ili frazu
00:49
or a sentence in Arabic
13
33251
1681
ili rečenicu na arapskom
00:50
is like crafting an equation,
14
34932
2233
je kao kreiranje jednačine,
00:53
because every part is extremely precise
15
37165
2366
zato što je svaki deo izuzetno precizan
00:55
and carries a lot of information.
16
39531
2852
i nosi dosta informacija.
00:58
That's one of the reasons
17
42383
1350
To je jedan od razloga
00:59
so much of what we've come to think of
18
43733
1515
zašto su toliko toga što smatramo
01:01
as Western science and mathematics and engineering
19
45248
3819
"zapadnom" naukom, matematikom i inženjerstvom,
01:04
was really worked out in the first few centuries of the Common Era
20
49067
3322
zapravo u prvim vekovima nove ere
01:08
by the Persians and the Arabs and the Turks.
21
52389
3316
smislili Persijanci, Arapi i Turci.
01:11
This includes the little system in Arabic
22
55705
2317
Pod ovim se podrazumeva i mali sistem u arapskom
01:13
called al-jebra.
23
58022
1716
poznat po nazivu "al-gebr".
01:15
And al-jebr roughly translates to
24
59738
3168
A "al-gebr" se grubo prevodi kao
01:18
"the system for reconciling disparate parts."
25
62906
3699
"sistem za usaglašavanje različitih delova".
01:22
Al-jebr finally came into English as algebra.
26
66605
4050
"Al-gebr" je na kraju došao u ostale jezike pod nazivom "algebra".
01:26
One example among many.
27
70655
2167
Jedan primer od mnogih.
01:28
The Arabic texts containing this mathematical wisdom
28
72822
3966
Arapski tekstovi koji sadrže ovu matematičku mudrost
01:32
finally made their way to Europe --
29
76788
1783
su konačno pronašli svoj put do Evrope -
01:34
which is to say Spain --
30
78571
1286
to jest, Španije -
01:35
in the 11th and 12th centuries.
31
79857
2465
u XI i XII veku.
01:38
And when they arrived
32
82322
1150
Kada su stigli
01:39
there was tremendous interest
33
83472
1883
postojalo je veliko interesovanje
01:41
in translating this wisdom
34
85355
1734
za prevođenje ove mudrosti
01:42
into a European language.
35
87089
1649
u evropske jezike.
01:44
But there were problems.
36
88738
2018
Ali bilo je problema.
01:46
One problem
37
90756
1717
Jedan problem
01:48
is there are some sounds in Arabic
38
92473
2633
je što postoje neki zvuci u arapskom jeziku
01:51
that just don't make it through a European voice box
39
95106
2999
koji se jednostavno ne mogu predstaviti evropskim ekvivalentnim zvukom
01:54
without lots of practice.
40
98105
2267
bez dosta vežbanja.
01:56
Trust me on that one.
41
100372
1734
Verujte mi na reč.
01:58
Also, those very sounds
42
102106
2217
Takođe, isti ti zvukovi
02:00
tend not to be represented
43
104323
1914
se najčešće ne mogu
02:02
by the characters that are available in European languages.
44
106237
3588
predstaviti karakterima koji su dostupni u evropskim jezicima.
02:05
Here's one of the culprits.
45
109825
1814
Evo jednog primera.
02:07
This is the letter SHeen,
46
111639
1884
Ovo je slovo "Šiin",
02:09
and it makes the sound we think of as SH -- "sh."
47
113523
3599
i ono proizvodi zvuk koji mi zovemo "Š".
02:13
It's also the very first letter
48
117122
2602
To je takođe prvo slovo
02:15
of the word shalan,
49
119724
2432
reči "šei-on",
02:18
which means "something"
50
122156
1794
što znači "nešto"
02:19
just like the the English word "something" --
51
123950
1848
kao što u srpskom reč "nešto" znači -
02:21
some undefined, unknown thing.
52
125798
3286
nešto nedefinisano, nepoznata stvar.
02:24
Now in Arabic,
53
129084
1165
U arapskom,
02:26
we can make this definite
54
130249
1201
mi ovo možemo da napravimo u nešto određeno
02:27
by adding the definite article "al."
55
131450
2148
dodavanjem člana "al".
02:29
So this is al-shalan --
56
133598
2602
Tako da ovo postaje "al-šaion" -
02:32
the unknown thing.
57
136200
1650
neka određena, ali nepoznata stvar.
02:33
And this is a word that appears throughout early mathematics,
58
137850
3303
I ovo je reč koja se pojavljuje kroz celu ranu matematiku,
02:37
such as this 10th century derivation of proofs.
59
141153
7200
kao što je ovo korenovanje iz X veka.
02:44
The problem for the Medieval Spanish scholars
60
148353
2510
Problem za srednjevekovne španske učenjake,
02:46
who were tasked with translating this material
61
150863
2568
koji su dobili zadatak da prevedu ovaj materijal
02:49
is that the letter SHeen and the word shalan
62
153431
4482
je taj da slovo "Šiin" i reč "šeion"
02:53
can't be rendered into Spanish
63
157913
1950
ne može da se prevede na španski
02:55
because Spanish doesn't have that SH,
64
159863
2586
zato što španski nema to slovo "Š",
02:58
that "sh" sound.
65
162449
1297
taj "š" zvuk.
02:59
So by convention,
66
163746
1582
Tako, po konvenciji,
03:01
they created a rule in which
67
165328
1666
napravili su pravilo u kome
03:02
they borrowed the CK sound, "ck" sound,
68
166994
4218
su pozajmili CK zvuk, "K" zvuk,
03:07
from the classical Greek
69
171212
1748
iz klasičnog grčkog
03:08
in the form of the letter Kai.
70
172960
2681
u formi slova Kai.
03:11
Later when this material was translated
71
175641
2719
Kasnije, kada je ovaj materijal preveden
03:14
into a common European language,
72
178360
2348
u standardne evropske jezike,
03:16
which is to say Latin,
73
180708
2050
što će reći, latinski,
03:18
they simply replaced the Greek Kai
74
182758
2033
jednostavno su zamenili grčko "Kai"
03:20
with the Latin X.
75
184791
2350
sa latinskim X.
03:23
And once that happened,
76
187141
1269
Jednom kada se to desilo,
03:24
once this material was in Latin,
77
188410
2465
kada je ovaj materijal bio na latinskom,
03:26
it formed the basis for mathematics textbooks
78
190875
3583
formirao je osnovu za matematičke udžbenike
03:30
for almost 600 years.
79
194458
2083
skoro 600 godina.
03:32
But now we have the answer to our question.
80
196541
2018
Sada mi imamo odgovor na naše pitanje.
03:34
Why is it that X is the unknown?
81
198559
2781
Zašto je baš X nepoznata?
03:37
X is the unknown
82
201340
1823
X je nepoznata
03:39
because you can't say "sh" in Spanish.
83
203163
3782
zato što ne možete da kažete "Š" na španskom.
03:42
(Laughter)
84
206945
2384
(smeh)
03:45
And I thought that was worth sharing.
85
209329
2317
I smatrao sam da ova informacija zaslužuje da je podelim sa vama.
03:47
(Applause)
86
211646
3117
(aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Terry Moore - ThinkerTerry Moore is the director of the Radius Foundation, a forum for exploring and gaining insight from different worldviews.
Why you should listen
Terry Moore directs the Radius Foundation in New York, which, as its website says, "seeks new ways of exploring and understanding dissimilar conceptual systems or paradigms -- scientific, religious, philosophical, and aesthetic -- with the aim to find a world view of more complete insight and innovation. The Radius Foundation is a forum for different views."
The foundation has published several works that examine the intersection of religion and metaphysics with science and social action.
Terry Moore | Speaker | TED.com