TED2013
Sugata Mitra: Build a School in the Cloud
Sugata Mitra: Sagradite školu u oblaku
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Gostujuci u emisiji TED2013, Sugata Mitra smjelo je pozelio TED-ove nagrade vrijednu zelju: Pomozitr mi dizajnirati skolu u oblaku, laboratorij u Indiji, gdje djeca mogu istrazivati i uciti jedni od drugih -- Koristeci izvore i nadgledaje s oblaka. Poslusajte njegovu inspirativnu viziju za samoorganizirajuca okruzenja za ucenje (SOLE) i saznajte vise na tedprize.org
Sugata Mitra - Education researcher
Educational researcher Sugata Mitra is the winner of the 2013 TED Prize. His wish: Build a School in the Cloud, where children can explore and learn from one another. Full bio
Educational researcher Sugata Mitra is the winner of the 2013 TED Prize. His wish: Build a School in the Cloud, where children can explore and learn from one another. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
What is going to be the future of learning?
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Kakva je buducnost ucenja?
00:22
I do have a plan,
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Ja imam plan,
00:24
but in order for me to tell you what that plan is,
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ali kako bih vam objasnio kakav je plan,
00:27
I need to tell you a little story,
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moram vam ispricati malu pricu,
00:30
which kind of sets the stage.
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kako bih vam ga docarao.
00:33
I tried to look at
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Pokusao sam pronaci
00:35
where did the kind of learning we do in schools,
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koje je porijeklo danasnjeg skolovanja,
00:38
where did it come from?
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odakle je poteklo?
00:41
And you can look far back into the past,
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Mozemo se vratiti daleko u proslost,
00:43
but if you look at present-day schooling the way it is,
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ali ako pogledamo danasnje skolovanje kakvo jeste,
00:47
it's quite easy to figure out where it came from.
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lako je shvatiti odakle je poteklo.
00:51
It came from about 300 years ago,
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Stvoreno je prije tristotinjak godina,
00:55
and it came from the last
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od strane zadnjeg
00:57
and the biggest of the empires on this planet. ["The British Empire"]
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i najveceg carstva na svijetu. ["Britansko carstvo"]
01:00
Imagine trying to run the show,
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Zamislite pokusaj upravljanja predstavom,
01:02
trying to run the entire planet,
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pokusaj upravljanja planetom,
01:05
without computers, without telephones,
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bez kompjutera, bez telefona,
01:08
with data handwritten on pieces of paper,
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s podacima ispisanim rukom na papiru,
01:13
and traveling by ships.
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koji se prenose brodovima.
01:16
But the Victorians actually did it.
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Viktorijanci su u tome uspjeli.
01:18
What they did was amazing.
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Napravili su nesto cudesno.
01:21
They created a global computer
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Stvorili su globalni kompjuter
01:25
made up of people.
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sacinjen od ljudi.
01:28
It's still with us today.
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U upotrebi je i danas.
01:30
It's called the bureaucratic administrative machine.
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Zove se birokratska administrativna masina.
01:36
In order to have that machine running,
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Kako bi ta masina radila,
01:39
you need lots and lots of people.
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potrebno je mnogo ljudi.
01:42
They made another machine to produce those people:
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Stvorena je nova masina za proizvodnju tih ljudi:
01:46
the school.
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skola.
01:49
The schools would produce the people
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Skole proizvode ljude
01:52
who would then become parts of the
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koji onda postaju dio
01:56
bureaucratic administrative machine.
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birokratske administrativne masine.
01:59
They must be identical to each other.
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Ti ljudi moraju biti identicni.
02:04
They must know three things:
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Moraju znati tri stvari:
02:06
They must have good handwriting, because the data is handwritten;
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Moraju imati dobar rukopis zato sto se podaci ispisuju rucno;
02:09
they must be able to read;
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moraju znati citati;
02:11
and they must be able to do multiplication,
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moraju znati mnoziti,
02:13
division, addition and subtraction in their head.
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djeliti, zbrajati i oduzimati u glavi.
02:17
They must be so identical that you could pick one up from New Zealand
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Moraju biti u toj mjeri identicni da pojedinca mozete pokupiti s Novog Zelanda
02:21
and ship them to Canada
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i poslati ga u Kanadu
02:23
and he would be instantly functional.
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gdje ce automatski biti funkcionalan.
02:27
The Victorians were great engineers.
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Viktorijanci su bili sjajni inzinjeri.
02:30
They engineered a system that was so robust
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Stvorili su sistem tako izdrzljiv
02:33
that it's still with us today,
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da je i danas u upotrebi,
02:36
continuously producing identical people
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konstantno proizvodeci identicne ljude
02:40
for a machine that no longer exists.
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za masinu koja vise ne postoji.
02:45
The empire is gone,
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Carstvo je nestalo,
02:47
so what are we doing with that design
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sta onda radimo s dizajnom
02:50
that produces these identical people,
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koji proizvodi identicne ljude,
02:53
and what are we going to do next
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i sta cemo sljedece napraviti
02:56
if we ever are going to do anything else with it?
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ako cemo ga uopce i dalje koristiti?
03:00
["Schools as we know them are obsolete"]
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["Skole kakve poznajemo su zastarile"]
03:01
So that's a pretty strong comment there.
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To je prilicno jak komentar.
03:03
I said schools as we know them now, they're obsolete.
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Rekao sam da su skole kakve poznajemo zastarile.
03:07
I'm not saying they're broken.
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Ne kazem da su pokvarene.
03:09
It's quite fashionable to say that the education system's broken.
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Moderno je nazvati sistem obrazovanja pokvarenim.
03:12
It's not broken. It's wonderfully constructed.
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Nije pokvaren. Predivno je izgradjen.
03:15
It's just that we don't need it anymore. It's outdated.
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Samo sto nam vise ne treba. Zastario je.
03:22
What are the kind of jobs that we have today?
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Kakve vrste poslova imamo danas?
03:24
Well, the clerks are the computers.
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Pa, sluzbenici su racunala.
03:26
They're there in thousands in every office.
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Ima ih hiljade u svakom uredu.
03:29
And you have people who guide those computers
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I imate ljude koji navode kompjutere
03:32
to do their clerical jobs.
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da rade svoj sluzbenicki posao.
03:34
Those people don't need to be able to write beautifully by hand.
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Ti ljudi ne moraju imati lijep rukopis.
03:38
They don't need to be able to multiply numbers in their heads.
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Ne moraju biti sposobni za mnozenje napamet.
03:41
They do need to be able to read.
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Moraju znati citati.
03:43
In fact, they need to be able to read discerningly.
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Zapravo, moraju znati citati pronicljivo.
03:47
Well, that's today, but we don't even know
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To je danas, a mi ne znamo
03:50
what the jobs of the future are going to look like.
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kako ce izgledati poslovi buducnosti.
03:53
We know that people will work from wherever they want,
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Znamo da ce ljudi raditi odakle god zele,
03:55
whenever they want, in whatever way they want.
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kad god zele, te sta god zele da rade.
03:59
How is present-day schooling going to prepare them
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Kako ce ih danasnje skolovanje pripremiti
04:03
for that world?
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za taj svijet?
04:05
Well, I bumped into this whole thing completely by accident.
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Pa, naletio sam na sve ovo sasvim slucajno.
04:10
I used to teach people how to write computer programs
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Ucio sam ljude kako da programiraju
04:13
in New Delhi, 14 years ago.
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u Nju Delhiju, prije 14 godina.
04:15
And right next to where I used to work, there was a slum.
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Pored mog radnog mjesta bila je sirotinjska cetvrt.
04:19
And I used to think, how on Earth are those kids
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I mislio sam, kako li ce ta djeca
04:22
ever going to learn to write computer programs?
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ikad nauciti da programiraju?
04:24
Or should they not?
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Ili ne bi ni trebali?
04:27
At the same time, we also had lots of parents,
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U isto vrijeme, bilo je mnogo roditelja,
04:30
rich people, who had computers,
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bogatih ljudi, koji su imali kompjutere,
04:32
and who used to tell me, "You know, my son,
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i koji su mi govorili: "Znas, moj sin,
04:36
I think he's gifted,
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mislim da je nadaren
04:38
because he does wonderful things with computers.
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zato sto radi predivne stvari s kompjuterima.
04:41
And my daughter -- oh, surely she is extra-intelligent."
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A moja kcerka -- oh, ona je sigurno nadprosjecno inteligentna."
04:45
And so on. So I suddenly figured that,
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I tako dalje. Iznenada sam shvatio,
04:47
how come all the rich people are having
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kako to da bogati ljudi imaju
04:48
these extraordinarily gifted children?
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tu nadprosjecno nadarenu djecu?
04:51
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:53
What did the poor do wrong?
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Sta su siromasni cinili pogresno?
04:55
I made a hole in the boundary wall
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Napravio sam rupu u granicnom zidu
04:58
of the slum next to my office,
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siromasnog naselja do mog ureda
05:00
and stuck a computer inside it just to see what would happen
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i ubacio kompjuter unutra samo da vidim sta ce se dogoditi
05:03
if I gave a computer to children who never would have one,
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ako dam kompjuter djeci koja inace ne bi imala jedan,
05:06
didn't know any English, didn't know what the Internet was.
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koja nisu znala engleski, koja nisu znala sta je internet.
05:09
The children came running in.
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Djeca su dotrcala.
05:10
It was three feet off the ground, and they said, "What is this?"
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Bio je postavljen na oko metar visine i oni su pitali: "Sta je ovo?"
05:13
And I said, "Yeah, it's, I don't know."
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Ja sam rekao: "Da, jeste, ne znam."
05:16
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:18
They said, "Why have you put it there?"
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Rekli su: "Zasto ste ga stavili tu?"
05:20
I said, "Just like that."
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Rekao sam: "Tek tako."
05:22
And they said, "Can we touch it?"I said, "If you wish to."
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Rekli su: "Smijemo li dirati?" Rekao sam: "Ako zelite."
05:25
And I went away.
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I otisao sam.
05:27
About eight hours later,
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Oko osam sati kasnije,
05:29
we found them browsing and teaching each other how to browse.
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pronasli smo ih kako surfaju i uce jedni druge da pretrazuju.
05:32
So I said, "Well that's impossible, because --
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Rekao sam: "Pa ovo je nemoguce, jer --
05:34
How is it possible? They don't know anything."
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Kako je moguce? Oni nista ne znaju."
05:38
My colleagues said, "No, it's a simple solution.
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Moje kolege su rekle: "Ne, rjesenje je jednostavno.
05:41
One of your students must have been passing by,
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Jedan od tvojih studenata je prolazio
05:43
showed them how to use the mouse."
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i pokazao im kako da koriste mis."
05:45
So I said, "Yeah, that's possible."
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Rekao sam: "Da, to je moguce."
05:47
So I repeated the experiment. I went 300 miles out of Delhi
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Ponovio sam eksperiment. Otisao sam 500 km van Delhija
05:50
into a really remote village
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u veoma zabaceno selo
05:52
where the chances of a passing software development engineer
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gdje su sanse da tuda prodje inzinjer za razvoj softvera
05:56
was very little. (Laughter)
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bile jako male. (Smijeh)
06:00
I repeated the experiment there.
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Tamo sam ponovio eksperiment.
06:03
There was no place to stay, so I stuck my computer in,
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Nije bilo mjesta za odsjesti pa sam ubacio kompjuter,
06:05
I went away, came back after a couple of months,
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otisao, vratio se nakon nekoliko mjeseci
06:07
found kids playing games on it.
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i pronasao djecu kako igraju igrica na njemu.
06:09
When they saw me, they said,
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Kada su me ugledali, rekli su:
06:10
"We want a faster processor and a better mouse."
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"Hocemo brzi procesor i bolji mis."
06:13
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:17
So I said, "How on Earth do you know all this?"
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Rekao sam: "Kako znate sve ovo?"
06:20
And they said something very interesting to me.
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I rekli su mi nesto jako zanimljivo.
06:23
In an irritated voice, they said,
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Iziritiranim glasom su mi rekli:
06:24
"You've given us a machine that works only in English,
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"Dali ste nam masinu koja radi samo na engleskom,
06:27
so we had to teach ourselves English in order to use it." (Laughter)
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pa smo morali nauciti engleski kako bi je koristili." (Smijeh)
06:33
That's the first time, as a teacher,
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To je bio prvi put da sam kao ucitelj
06:35
that I had heard the word "teach ourselves" said so casually.
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cuo izraz "nauciti se" izrecen tako usputno.
06:40
Here's a short glimpse from those years.
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Ovo je kratak pregled tih godina.
06:44
That's the first day at the Hole in the Wall.
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Ovo je prvi dan "Rupe u zidu".
06:46
On your right is an eight-year-old.
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Desno je osmogodisnjak.
06:49
To his left is his student. She's six.
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Lijevo je njegova ucenica. Njoj je sest.
06:54
And he's teaching her how to browse.
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On je uci kako da surfa.
06:58
Then onto other parts of the country,
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U drugim djelovima zemlje
07:01
I repeated this over and over again,
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sam ovo ponovio vise puta,
07:03
getting exactly the same results that we were.
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i dobio upravo iste rezultate.
07:07
["Hole in the wall film - 1999"]
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[Film: Rupa u zidu - 1999]
07:11
An eight-year-old telling his elder sister what to do.
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Osmogodisnjak govori svojoj starijoj sestri sta da radi.
07:20
And finally a girl explaining in Marathi what it is,
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Konacno djevojcica objasnjava na jeziku marati sta je to
07:25
and said, "There's a processor inside."
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i kaze: "Unutra je procesor."
07:30
So I started publishing.
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Onda sam poceo objavljivati.
07:32
I published everywhere. I wrote down and measured everything,
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Svugdje sam objavljivao. Zapisivao sam i mjerio sve
07:35
and I said, in nine months, a group of children
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te rekao: U devet mjeseci, grupa djece
07:37
left alone with a computer in any language
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ostavljena sama s kompjuterom na bilo kojem jeziku
07:40
will reach the same standard as an office secretary in the West.
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ce doseci isti standard kao uredska sekretarica na Zapadu.
07:44
I'd seen it happen over and over and over again.
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Vidio sam kako se to dogadja opet i iznova.
07:49
But I was curious to know, what else would they do
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Ali zelio sam znati sta bi jos napravili
07:52
if they could do this much?
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ako su postigli ovoliko?
07:54
I started experimenting with other subjects,
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Poceo sam eksperimentisati s drugim oblastima,
07:56
among them, for example, pronunciation.
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medju kojima, na primjer, izgovor.
07:59
There's one community of children in southern India
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Postoji zajednica djece u juznoj Indiji
08:02
whose English pronunciation is really bad,
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ciji je izgovor engleskog veoma los,
08:05
and they needed good pronunciation because that would improve their jobs.
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a trebao im je dobar izgovor zbog boljeg zaposlenja.
08:08
I gave them a speech-to-text engine in a computer,
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Dao sam im govor-u-tekst program na kompjuteru,
08:12
and I said, "Keep talking into it until it types what you say."
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i rekao: "Govorite u njega dok ne napise sta govorite."
08:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:20
They did that, and watch a little bit of this.
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Ucinili su to i pogledajte malo ovo.
08:25
Computer: Nice to meet you.Child: Nice to meet you.
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Kompjuter: Drago mi je. Dijete: Drago mi je.
08:31
Sugata Mitra: The reason I ended with the face
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Sugata Mitra: Razlog sto zavrsavam s licem
08:33
of this young lady over there is because I suspect many of you know her.
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ove mlade dame je taj sto je mozda mnogi poznaju.
08:37
She has now joined a call center in Hyderabad
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Pridruzila se pozivnom centru u Hyderabadu
08:40
and may have tortured you about your credit card bills
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i mozda vas je mucila zbog racuna vasih kreditnih kartica
08:45
in a very clear English accent.
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na veoma jasnom engleskom naglasku.
08:50
So then people said, well, how far will it go?
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Onda su ljudi rekli: Pa, koliko daleko to seze?
08:54
Where does it stop?
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Gdje zavrsava?
08:56
I decided I would destroy my own argument
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Odlucio sam pobiti svoj argument
08:59
by creating an absurd proposition.
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apsurdnim prijedlogom.
09:02
I made a hypothesis, a ridiculous hypothesis.
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Postavio sam hipotezu, smijesnu hipotezu.
09:06
Tamil is a south Indian language, and I said,
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Tamil je jezik u juznoj Indiji i ja sam pitao
09:07
can Tamil-speaking children in a south Indian village
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moze li dijete koje govori jezikom Tamil u selu juzne Indije
09:10
learn the biotechnology of DNA replication in English
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nauciti biotehnologiju DNK replikacije na engleskom
09:14
from a streetside computer?
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od kompjutera kraj ulice?
09:16
And I said, I'll measure them. They'll get a zero.
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Rekao sam: "Ocijenit cu ih. Dobit ce nulu.
09:18
I'll spend a couple of months, I'll leave it for a couple of months,
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Provest cu nekoliko mjeseci, ostavit cu ih nekoliko mjeseci,
09:21
I'll go back, they'll get another zero.
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vratit cu se, dobit ce jos jednu nulu.
09:23
I'll go back to the lab and say, we need teachers.
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Vratit cu se nazad u laboratoriju i reci da nam trebaju ucitelji."
09:28
I found a village. It was called Kallikuppam in southern India.
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Pronasao sam selo. Zvalo se Kalikupam, u juznoj Indiji.
09:32
I put in Hole in the Wall computers there,
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Postavio sam tamo kompjutere Rupe u zidu,
09:34
downloaded all kinds of stuff from the Internet about DNA replication,
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preuzeo s interneta svakakav materijal o DNK replikaciji,
09:38
most of which I didn't understand.
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vecinu kojeg nisam razumio.
09:41
The children came rushing, said, "What's all this?"
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Djeca su dotrcala govoreci: "Sta je sve ovo?"
09:44
So I said, "It's very topical, very important. But it's all in English."
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Pa sam rekao: "Tematizirano je i jako vazno. Ali sve je na engleskom."
09:49
So they said, "How can we understand such big English words
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Oni su rekli: "Kako mozemo razumjeti tako vazne engleske rijeci
09:53
and diagrams and chemistry?"
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te dijagrame i kemiju?"
09:55
So by now, I had developed a new pedagogical method,
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Do tada sam razvio novu pedagosku metodu,
09:58
so I applied that. I said, "I haven't the foggiest idea."
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pa sam je primjenio. Rekao sam: "Nemam blage veze."
10:01
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:04
"And anyway, I am going away."
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"Kako god, ja odlazim."
10:07
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:11
So I left them for a couple of months.
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Ostavio sam ih nekoliko mjeseci.
10:15
They'd got a zero. I gave them a test.
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Dobili su nulu. Dao sam im test.
10:17
I came back after two months
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Vratio sam se za dva mjeseca,
10:18
and the children trooped in and said, "We've understood nothing."
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djeca su dosla i rekla: "Nista nismo razumjeli."
10:22
So I said, "Well, what did I expect?"
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Rekao sam: "Pa, sta sam ocekivao?"
10:24
So I said, "Okay, but how long did it take you
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Rekoh: "Dobro, ali koliko dugo vam je trebalo
10:28
before you decided that you can't understand anything?"
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prije nego ste odlucili da nista ne razumijete?"
10:31
So they said, "We haven't given up.
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Rekli su: "Nismo odustali.
10:33
We look at it every single day."
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Gledali smo u njih svaki dan."
10:35
So I said, "What? You don't understand these screens
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Rekoh: "Sta? Ne razumijete ove ekrane
10:37
and you keep staring at it for two months? What for?"
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pa ste svejedno buljili u njih mjesecima? Zasto?"
10:40
So a little girl who you see just now,
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Onda je djevojcica koju upravo vidite
10:42
she raised her hand, and she says to me in broken Tamil and English,
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podignula ruku i rekla mi na slabom tamilskom i engleskom:
10:45
she said, "Well, apart from the fact that
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"Pa, osim cinjenice da
10:47
improper replication of the DNA molecule causes disease,
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nepravilna replikacija DNK molekula uzrokuje bolesti,
10:50
we haven't understood anything else."
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nista drugo nismo razumjeli."
10:53
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Aplauz)
10:59
So I tested them.
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Onda sam ih testirao.
11:03
I got an educational impossibility, zero to 30 percent
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Dobio sam obrazovnu nemogucnost, od nula do trideset posto
11:06
in two months in the tropical heat
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u dva mjeseca na tropskoj vrucini
11:08
with a computer under the tree in a language they didn't know
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s kompjuterim pod drvetom na jeziku koji nisu znali,
11:12
doing something that's a decade ahead of their time.
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radili su nesto sto je dekadu ispred njihovog vremena.
11:15
Absurd. But I had to follow the Victorian norm.
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Apsurd. Ali morao sam slijediti viktorijansku normu.
11:20
Thirty percent is a fail.
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Trideset posto je neuspjeh.
11:24
How do I get them to pass? I have to get them 20 more marks.
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Kako da ucinim da poloze? Trebalo im je jos dvadeset posto.
11:27
I couldn't find a teacher. What I did find was a friend that they had,
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Nisam mogao pronaci ucitelja. Prvo sam pronasao njihovu prijateljicu,
11:31
a 22-year-old girl who was an accountant
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djevojku od 22 godine koja je bila racunovodja
11:34
and she played with them all the time.
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i koja se igrala s njima sve vrijeme.
11:36
So I asked this girl, "Can you help them?"
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Pitao sam je moze li mi pomoci.
11:38
So she says, "Absolutely not.
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Rekla je: "Apsolutno ne.
11:41
I didn't have science in school. I have no idea
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Nisam imala nauku u skoli. Nemam pojma
11:44
what they're doing under that tree all day long. I can't help you."
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sta su radili pod tim drvetom cijeli dan. Ne mogu vam pomoci."
11:48
I said, "I'll tell you what. Use the method of the grandmother."
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Rekoh: "Evo kako cemo. Koristi metodu 'bake'."
11:53
So she says, "What's that?"
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Ona me pitala sta je to.
11:54
I said, "Stand behind them.
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Rekao sam: "Stani iza njih.
11:56
Whenever they do anything, you just say,
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Kad god nesto naprave, ti samo reci:
11:57
'Well, wow, I mean, how did you do that?
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'Wow, mislim, kako ste to uradili?
12:00
What's the next page? Gosh, when I was your age, I could have never done that.'
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Koja je sljedeca stranica? Oh, kad sam ja bila vasih godina, nisam znala to raditi.'
12:03
You know what grannies do."
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Znas vec sta rade bake."
12:06
So she did that for two more months.
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To je radila naredna dva mjeseca.
12:08
The scores jumped to 50 percent.
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Rezultati su skocili na pedeset posto.
12:11
Kallikuppam had caught up
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Kalikupam je sustigao
12:13
with my control school in New Delhi,
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moju kontrolnu skolu u Nju Delhiju,
12:15
a rich private school with a trained biotechnology teacher.
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bogatu privatnu skolu s treniranim uciteljima biotehnologije.
12:19
When I saw that graph I knew there is a way to level the playing field.
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Kada sam vidio grafikon znao sam da postoji nacin da se teren izravna.
12:24
Here's Kallikuppam.
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Evo Kalikupam.
12:26
(Children speaking) Neurons ... communication.
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(Djeca govore) Neuroni ... komunikacija.
12:34
I got the camera angle wrong. That one is just amateur stuff,
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Pogrijesio sam ugao snimanja. To su amaterske stvari,
12:38
but what she was saying, as you could make out,
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ali ono sto je govorila, kao sto ste mogli razumjeti,
12:40
was about neurons, with her hands were like that,
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je bilo o neuronima, drzeci ruke ovako,
12:42
and she was saying neurons communicate.
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i govorila je da neuroni komuniciraju.
12:46
At 12.
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S 12 godina.
12:49
So what are jobs going to be like?
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Dakle kakvi ce biti poslovi?
12:53
Well, we know what they're like today.
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Znamo kakvi su danas.
12:55
What's learning going to be like? We know what it's like today,
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Kakvo ce biti ucenje? Znamo kakvo je danas,
12:57
children pouring over with their mobile phones on the one hand
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djeca su sve vise na mobilnim telefonima
13:00
and then reluctantly going to school to pick up their books with their other hand.
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i nevoljko odlaze u skolu gdje jos uvijek koriste knjige.
13:04
What will it be tomorrow?
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Kako ce biti sutra?
13:08
Could it be that we don't need to go to school at all?
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Da li je moguce da uopce necemo morati ici u skolu?
13:13
Could it be that, at the point in time when you need to know something,
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Da li je moguce da u trenutku kad je potrebno da znate nesto,
13:16
you can find out in two minutes?
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mozete to saznati u dvije minute?
13:20
Could it be -- a devastating question,
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Da li je moguce -- uzasavajuce pitanje,
13:24
a question that was framed for me by Nicholas Negroponte --
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pitanje koje mi je zaokruzio Nicholas Negroponte --
13:27
could it be that we are heading towards or maybe in
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da li je moguce da se krecemo ka
13:30
a future where knowing is obsolete?
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buducnosti u kojoj je znanje prevaziđeno?
13:33
But that's terrible. We are homo sapiens.
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Ali to je uzasno. Mi smo homo sapiensi.
13:36
Knowing, that's what distinguishes us from the apes.
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Znanje, to je ono po cemu se razlikujemo od majmuna.
13:39
But look at it this way.
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Ali gledajte to ovako.
13:41
It took nature 100 million years
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Prirodi je trebalo 100 miliona godina
13:44
to make the ape stand up
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da uspravi majmuna
13:46
and become Homo sapiens.
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koji ce postati Homo sapiens.
13:48
It took us only 10,000 to make knowing obsolete.
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A nama 10,000 da znanje ucinimo zastarjelim.
13:52
What an achievement that is.
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Kakvo dostignuce.
13:54
But we have to integrate that into our own future.
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To moramo integrirati u nasu buducnost.
13:58
Encouragement seems to be the key.
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Cini se da je kljuc u podsticanju.
14:01
If you look at Kuppam,
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Ako pogledate Kupam
14:02
if you look at all of the experiments that I did,
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i ako pogledate sve eksperimente koje sam izveo,
14:05
it was simply saying, "Wow," saluting learning.
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to jednostavno govori "wow, pozdrav ucenju".
14:12
There is evidence from neuroscience.
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Postoji dokaz u neurologiji.
14:15
The reptilian part of our brain, which sits in the center of our brain,
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Reptilski dio naseg mozga, koji se nalazi u samom centru,
14:18
when it's threatened, it shuts down everything else,
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gasi sve ostalo kada je ugrozen,
14:21
it shuts down the prefrontal cortex, the parts which learn,
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gasi prefrontalni corteks, dijelove koji su zaduzeni za ucenje,
14:25
it shuts all of that down.
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sve to ugasi.
14:28
Punishment and examinations are seen as threats.
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Kaznu i ispitivanje vidi kao prijetnje.
14:32
We take our children, we make them shut their brains down,
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Mi svoju djecu primoravamo da iskljucuju svoj mozak,
14:36
and then we say, "Perform."
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a onda kazemo: "Uradi."
14:38
Why did they create a system like that?
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Zasto su stvorili takav sistem?
14:42
Because it was needed.
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Zato sto je bio potreban.
14:43
There was an age in the Age of Empires
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Bilo je doba u vrijeme carstava
14:46
when you needed those people who can survive under threat.
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kada su vam trebali ljudi koji mogu prezivjeti pod prijetnjom.
14:50
When you're standing in a trench all alone,
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Kada se nadjete sasvim sami u rovu,
14:53
if you could have survived, you're okay, you've passed.
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ako prezivite, dobro ste, prosli ste.
14:57
If you didn't, you failed.
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2973
Ako ne prezivite, pali ste.
15:00
But the Age of Empires is gone.
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Ali vrijeme carstava je proslo.
15:02
What happens to creativity in our age?
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Sta se desava s kreativnosti u nase vrijeme?
15:06
We need to shift that balance back
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Trebamo vratiti ravnotezu
15:09
from threat to pleasure.
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s prijetnje na uzitak.
15:12
I came back to England looking for British grandmothers.
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Vratio sam se u Englesku trazeci britanske bake.
15:16
I put out notices in papers saying,
289
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3017
Dao sam oglas u kojem je pisalo:
15:19
if you are a British grandmother, if you have broadband and a web camera,
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"Ako ste britanska baka, ako imate broadband i web kameru,
15:23
can you give me one hour of your time per week for free?
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mozete li mi sedmicno ustupiti sat svog vremena besplatno?
15:26
I got 200 in the first two weeks.
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Javilo ih se 200 u prva dva tjedna.
15:28
I know more British grandmothers than anyone in the universe. (Laughter)
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Poznajem vise britanskih baka nego itko u svemiru. (Smijeh)
15:33
They're called the Granny Cloud.
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Zovu se "Granny Cloud".
15:37
The Granny Cloud sits on the Internet.
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"Granny Cloud" se nalazi na internetu.
15:38
If there's a child in trouble, we beam a Gran.
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Ako je dijete u nevolji, zovemo bakicu.
15:43
She goes on over Skype and she sorts things out.
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Ona odlazi na Skype i rjesava stvar.
15:46
I've seen them do it from a village called Diggles
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3619
Vidimo sam kako se to radi u selu zvanom Digles
15:50
in northwestern England,
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2045
u sjeverozapadnoj Engleskoj
15:52
deep inside a village in Tamil Nadu, India,
300
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i duboko u selima Tamil Nadua, Indija,
15:55
6,000 miles away.
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udaljenim 3,ooo km.
15:58
She does it with only one age-old gesture.
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Ona to cini jednim obicnim gestom:
16:01
"Shhh."
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1715
"Ššššš."
16:03
Okay?
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2725
OK?
16:06
Watch this.
305
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1536
Gledajte ovo.
16:07
Grandmother: You can't catch me. You say it.
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4256
Baka: Ne mozes me uhvatiti. Ponovite.
16:11
You can't catch me.
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3768
Ne mozes me uhvatiti.
16:15
Children: You can't catch me.
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2968
Djeca: Ne mozes me uhvatiti.
16:18
Grandmother: I'm the Gingerbread Man.Children: I'm the Gingerbread Man.
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5582
Baka: Ja sam 'Gingerbread Man'. Djeca: Ja sam 'Gingerbread Man'.
16:24
Grandmother: Well done! Very good.
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Baka: Svaka cast! Veoma dobro.
16:28
SM: So what's happening here?
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Sta se ovdje desava?
16:31
I think what we need to look at is
312
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1844
Ono sto trebamo uvidjeti,
16:33
we need to look at learning
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trebamo uvidjeti da je ucenje
16:35
as the product of educational self-organization.
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4588
proizvod obrazovne samoorganizacije.
16:40
If you allow the educational process to self-organize,
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Ako dozvolite edukacijskom procesu da se samoorganizuje,
16:42
then learning emerges.
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radja se ucenje.
16:45
It's not about making learning happen.
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Ne trebamo ciniti ucenje mogucim.
16:47
It's about letting it happen.
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Trebamo mu dozvoliti da se desi.
16:50
The teacher sets the process in motion
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Uciteljica pokrece proces,
16:53
and then she stands back in awe
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a onda zadivljena posmatra
16:56
and watches as learning happens.
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kako se ucenje desava.
16:58
I think that's what all this is pointing at.
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Mislim da sve na to ukazuje.
17:01
But how will we know? How will we come to know?
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2752
Ali kako cemo znati? Kako cemo doci do spoznaje?
17:04
Well, I intend to build
324
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Planirao sam izgraditi
17:05
these Self-Organized Learning Environments.
325
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3301
ova samoorganizirana okruzenja za ucenje.
17:09
They are basically broadband, collaboration
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3685
To je zapravo broadband, suradnja
17:12
and encouragement put together.
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2393
i podsticanje zajedno.
17:15
I've tried this in many, many schools.
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1706
Probao sam ovo u jako mnogo skola.
17:16
It's been tried all over the world, and teachers
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Isprobano je svuda u svijetu i ucitelji
17:19
sort of stand back and say, "It just happens by itself?"
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3626
pitaju: "Desava se samo od sebe?"
17:23
And I said, "Yeah, it happens by itself.""How did you know that?"
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3117
Kazem im: "Da, desava se samo. Kako ste znali?"
17:26
I said, "You won't believe the children who told me
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3493
"Necete vjerovati koja su mi djeca rekla
17:29
and where they're from."
333
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2928
i odakle su."
17:32
Here's a SOLE in action.
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2744
Ovo je SOLE (samoorganizirana okruzenja za ucenje) u akciji.
17:35
(Children talking)
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(Djeca razgovaraju)
17:41
This one is in England.
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Ovo je u Engleskoj.
17:47
He maintains law and order,
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3766
On odrzava zakon i red
17:51
because remember, there's no teacher around.
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8515
jer sjetite se, ucitelja nema.
18:01
Girl: The total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons -- SM: Australia
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3903
Djevojcica: Broj elektrona nije jednak broju protona --
SM: Australia
SM: Australia
18:05
Girl: -- giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.
340
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6735
Djevojcica: -- daje mu pozitivan ili negativan elektricni naboj.
18:12
The net charge on an ion is equal to the number of protons
341
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3584
Ukupan naboj na jonu jednak je broju protona
18:16
in the ion minus the number of electrons.
342
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3293
u jonu minus broj elektrona.
18:19
SM: A decade ahead of her time.
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3049
SM: Dekadu prije svog vremena.
18:22
So SOLEs, I think we need a curriculum of big questions.
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3603
Dakle, mislim da nam treba curriculum velikih pitanja.
18:26
You already heard about that. You know what that means.
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2206
Vec se culi za to. Znate sta to znaci.
18:28
There was a time when Stone Age men and women
346
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3401
Nekad davno, kada su pecinski ljudi
18:31
used to sit and look up at the sky and say,
347
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2104
sjedili i gledali u nebo te govorili:
18:33
"What are those twinkling lights?"
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2479
"Kakva su treperava svjetla?"
18:36
They built the first curriculum, but we've lost sight of those wondrous questions.
349
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4794
Izgradili su prvi curriculum ali mi smo zanemarili ta cudesna pitanja.
18:41
We've brought it down to the tangent of an angle.
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Sveli smo to na tangent ugla.
18:45
But that's not sexy enough.
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3708
Ali to nije dovoljno sexy.
18:48
The way you would put it to a nine-year-old is to say,
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To bi devetogodisnjaku ovako objasnili:
18:51
"If a meteorite was coming to hit the Earth,
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"Ako meteor juri prema Zemlji,
18:55
how would you figure out if it was going to or not?"
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kako ces dokuciti hoce li udariti ili ne?"
18:58
And if he says, "Well, what? how?"
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I ako kaze: "Sta? Kako?"
19:01
you say, "There's a magic word. It's called the tangent of an angle,"
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ti reci: "Postoji magicna rijec. Zove se tangent ugla."
19:04
and leave him alone. He'll figure it out.
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i ostavi ga samog. Sam ce shvatiti.
19:06
So here are a couple of images from SOLEs.
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Evo nekoliko slika iz SOLE-a.
19:11
I've tried incredible, incredible questions --
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Postavljao sam nevjerovatna, nevjerovatna pitanja --
19:16
"When did the world begin? How will it end?" —
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"Kada je nastao svijet? Kako ce zavrsiti?" --
19:21
to nine-year-olds.
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devetogodisnjacima.
19:23
This one is about what happens to the air we breathe.
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Ovo je o tome sta se desava zraku koji disemo.
19:26
This is done by children without the help of any teacher.
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Ovo su napravila djeca bez ikakve pomoci ucitelja.
19:31
The teacher only raises the question,
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Ucitelj samo postavlja pitanja,
19:33
and then stands back and admires the answer.
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a onda se odmakne i divi se odgovorima.
19:37
So what's my wish?
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Dakle, koja je moja zelja?
19:40
My wish is
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Moja zelja je
19:43
that we design the future of learning.
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da dizajniramo buducnost ucenja.
19:47
We don't want to be spare parts
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Ne zelimo biti rezervni dijelovi
19:49
for a great human computer, do we?
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za veliki ljudski kompjuter, zar ne?
19:51
So we need to design a future for learning.
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Zato moramo dizajnirati buducnost za ucenje.
19:55
And I've got to -- hang on,
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I moram -- trenutak,
19:57
I've got to get this wording exactly right,
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moram ovo pravilno izgovoriti,
19:59
because, you know, it's very important.
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jer je, znate, jako vazno.
20:02
My wish is to help design a future of learning
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Moja zelja je da pomognem buducnosti ucenja
20:04
by supporting children all over the world
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podrzavajuci djecu diljem svijeta
20:06
to tap into their wonder and their ability to work together.
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da dotaknu svoje cudo i sposobnost da rade zajedno.
20:10
Help me build this school.
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Pomozite mi da sagradim ovu skolu.
20:12
It will be called the School in the Cloud.
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Zvat ce se "School in the Cloud" (Skola u oblaku).
20:15
It will be a school where children go on these intellectual adventures
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Bit ce to skola gdje djeca dozive intelektualne avanture
20:20
driven by the big questions which their mediators put in.
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vodjena velikim pitanjima koja njihovi medijatori postavljaju.
20:24
The way I want to do this
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Nacin na koji ovo zelim napraviti
20:26
is to build a facility where I can study this.
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je gradnja ustanove gdje ovo mogu proucavati.
20:31
It's a facility which is practically unmanned.
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To je prakticno ustanova koja je obezljudjena.
20:33
There's only one granny
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Tu je samo jeda baka
20:35
who manages health and safety.
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koja se brine za zdravlje i sigurnost.
20:38
The rest of it's from the cloud.
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Ostatak je sa clouda (oblaka).
20:39
The lights are turned on and off by the cloud,
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Svjetla pali i gasi cloud.
20:41
etc., etc., everything's done from the cloud.
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itd., itd., sve cini cloud.
20:43
But I want you for another purpose.
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Potrebni ste mi za drugu svrhu.
20:46
You can do Self-Organized Learning Environments
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Mozete kreirati samoodrziva okruzenja za ucenje
20:49
at home, in the school, outside of school, in clubs.
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u kuci, u skoli, van skole, u klubovima.
20:54
It's very easy to do. There's a great document
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To je lako. Postoji sjajan dokument
20:56
produced by TED which tells you how to do it.
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koji je producirao TED koji objasnjava kako se to radi.
20:58
If you would please, please do it
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Ako zelite, molim vas uradite to
21:01
across all five continents
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diljem svih pet kontinenata
21:04
and send me the data,
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i posaljite mi podatke,
21:06
then I'll put it all together, move it into the School of Clouds,
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onda cu ih sve spojiti, premjestiti u School of Clouds,
21:10
and create the future of learning.
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i stvoriti buducnost ucenja.
21:13
That's my wish.
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To je moja zelja.
21:15
And just one last thing.
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I jos jedna stvar.
21:16
I'll take you to the top of the Himalayas.
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Vodim vas na vrh Himalaja.
21:19
At 12,000 feet, where the air is thin,
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Na oko 3,500 metara, gdje je zrak rijedak
21:22
I once built two Hole in the Wall computers,
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i tamo sam postavio kompjuter Rupe u zidu,
21:25
and the children flocked there.
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i djeca su se skupljala tamo.
21:26
And there was this little girl who was following me around.
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Bila je tu jedna djevojcica koja me slijedila okolo.
21:29
And I said to her, "You know, I want to give a computer to everybody, every child.
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Rekao sam joj: "Znas, zelim dati kompjuter svima, svakom djetetu.
21:34
I don't know, what should I do?"
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Ne znam sta treba da radim."
21:36
And I was trying to take a picture of her quietly.
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I tiho sam pokusao da je fotografisem.
21:40
She suddenly raised her hand like this, and said to me,
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Iznenada je ovako podigla ruku i rekla mi:
21:44
"Get on with it."
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"Sprovedi to."
21:46
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Aplauz)
21:58
I think it was good advice.
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Mislim da je to bio dobar savjet.
22:00
I'll follow her advice. I'll stop talking.
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Slijedit cu njen savjet. Prestat cu pricati.
22:02
Thank you. Thank you very much.
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Hvala. Puno vam hvala.
22:06
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
22:10
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala. Hvala. (Aplauz)
22:18
Thank you very much. Wow. (Applause)
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Hvala vam jako puno. Wow. (Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sugata Mitra - Education researcherEducational researcher Sugata Mitra is the winner of the 2013 TED Prize. His wish: Build a School in the Cloud, where children can explore and learn from one another.
Why you should listen
In 1999, Sugata Mitra and his colleagues dug a hole in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi, installed an Internet-connected PC and left it there, with a hidden camera filming the area. What they saw: kids from the slum playing with the computer and, in the process, learning how to use it -- then teaching each other. These famed “Hole in the Wall” experiments demonstrated that, in the absence of supervision and formal teaching, children can teach themselves and each other -- if they’re motivated by curiosity. Mitra, now a professor of educational technology at Newcastle University, called it "minimally invasive education."
Mitra thinks self-organized learning will shape the future of education. At TED2013, he made a bold TED Prize wish: Help me build a School in the Cloud where children can explore and learn on their own -- and teach one another -- using resouces from the worldwide cloud.
The School in the Cloud now includes seven physical locations -- five in India and two in the UK. At the same time, the School in the Cloud online platform lets students participate anywhere, with partner learning labs and programs in countries like Colombia, Pakistan and Greece. In 2016, Mitra held the first School in the Cloud conference in India. He shared that more than 16,000 SOLE sessions had taken place so far, with kids all around the world dipping their toes in this new education model.
Sugata Mitra | Speaker | TED.com