TED2008
Dean Ornish: Your genes are not your fate
Dean Ornish afirma que els gens no defineixen el nostre destí
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Dean Ornish presenta una nova investigació en què demostra que l'adquisició d'hàbits d'un estil de vida sa pot tenir un efecte en els nostres gens. Per exemple, afirma que quan es viu de manera sana, es menja bé, es fa exercici i s'estima més, el nombre de neurones augmenta.
Dean Ornish - Physician, author
Dean Ornish is a clinical professor at UCSF and founder of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute. He's a leading expert on fighting illness -- particularly heart disease with dietary and lifestyle changes. Full bio
Dean Ornish is a clinical professor at UCSF and founder of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute. He's a leading expert on fighting illness -- particularly heart disease with dietary and lifestyle changes. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
One way to change our genes is to make new ones,
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Una manera de canviar els nostres gens és fer-ne de nous,
00:14
as Craig Venter has so elegantly shown.
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tal com ha demostrat de manera molt elegant en Craig Venter.
00:16
Another is to change our lifestyles.
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Una altra és canviar el nostre estil de vida.
00:19
And what we're learning is how powerful and dynamic these changes can be,
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El que estem aprenent ara és que aquests canvis poden ser tan poderosos i dinàmics
00:23
that you don't have to wait very long to see the benefits.
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que no cal esperar gaire per veure'n els beneficis.
00:26
When you eat healthier, manage stress, exercise and love more,
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Quan mengen de forma més sana, controlem l'estrès, fem exercici i estimem més,
00:31
your brain actually gets more blood flow and more oxygen.
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el nostre cervell rep més flux sanguini i més oxigen.
00:33
But more than that, your brain gets measurably bigger.
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Però a més a més, el cervell s'engrandeix de manera perceptible.
00:36
Things that were thought impossible just a few years ago
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Coses fa només uns anys ens semblaven impossibles
00:38
can actually be measured now.
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ara es poden mesurar.
00:40
This was figured out by Robin Williams
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Això ho va descobrir en Robin Williams
00:43
a few years before the rest of us.
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uns anys abans que la resta de nosaltres.
00:45
Now, there's some things that you can do
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Bé, es poden fer unes quantes coses
00:47
to make your brain grow new brain cells.
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perquè el cervell generi noves neurones.
00:50
Some of my favorite things, like chocolate and tea, blueberries,
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Algunes de les meves coses preferides, com la xocolata i el te, els nabius,
00:52
alcohol in moderation, stress management
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l'alcohol amb moderació, el control de l'estrès
00:56
and cannabinoids found in marijuana.
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i els cannabinoides que es troben a la marihuana.
00:58
I'm just the messenger.
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Jo només sóc el missatger.
01:01
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
01:04
What were we just talking about?
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Què estava dient?
01:07
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
01:09
And other things that can make it worse,
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I també hi ha coses que poden empitjorar-ho,
01:11
that can cause you to lose brain cells.
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que poden conduir a la pèrdua de neurones.
01:13
The usual suspects, like saturated fat and sugar,
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Els sospitosos habituals, com ara el greix saturat i el sucre,
01:16
nicotine, opiates, cocaine, too much alcohol and chronic stress.
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la nicotina, els opiacis, la cocaïna, l'alcohol en grans quantitats i l'estrès crònic.
01:20
Your skin gets more blood flow when you change your lifestyle,
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La pell rep més flux sanguini quan es canvia l'estil de vida,
01:23
so you age less quickly. Your skin doesn't wrinkle as much.
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així que envellim més lentament i la pell no s'arruga tant.
01:26
Your heart gets more blood flow.
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El cor rep més flux sanguini.
01:28
We've shown that you can actually reverse heart disease.
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Hem demostrat que és possible invertir les malalties cardíaques.
01:30
That these clogged arteries that you see on the upper left,
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Aquestes artèries obstruïdes que es veuen a dalt a l'esquerra
01:33
after only a year become measurably less clogged.
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després d'un any estaven visiblement menys obstruïdes.
01:35
And the cardiac PET scan shown on the lower left,
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I a l'ecografia cardíaca PET, a baix a l'esquerra,
01:37
the blue means no blood flow.
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el color blau indica que no hi ha flux sanguini.
01:39
A year later -- orange and white is maximum blood flow.
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Un any després, el taronja i el blanc mostren el flux sanguini màxim.
01:42
We've shown you may be able to stop and reverse the progression
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Hem demostrat que és possible aturar i invertir la progressió
01:45
of early prostate cancer and, by extension, breast cancer,
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del càncer de pròstata en estats inicials i, per extensió, del càncer de pit
01:47
simply by making these changes.
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pel simple fet d'introduir aquests canvis.
01:49
We've found that tumor growth in vitro was inhibited
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Hem descobert que el creixement in vitro del tumor s'inhibia
01:52
70 percent in the group that made these changes,
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un 70 per cent en el grup que feia aquests canvis,
01:54
whereas only nine percent in the comparison group.
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mentre que només passava en el 9 per cent del casos del grup de control.
01:57
These differences were highly significant.
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Aquestes diferències són molt significatives.
01:59
Even your sexual organs get more blood flow,
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Fins i tot els òrgans sexuals reben més flux sanguini,
02:01
so you increase sexual potency.
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amb la qual cosa augmenta la potència sexual.
02:03
One of the most effective anti-smoking ads was done
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Un dels anuncis més eficaços per deixar de fumar el va fer
02:05
by the Department of Health Services,
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el Departament de Serveis Sanitaris,
02:07
showing that nicotine, which constricts your arteries,
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i mostrava que la nicotina, que encongeix les artèries,
02:09
can cause a heart attack or a stroke,
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pot provocar un atac cardíac o un vessament cerebral,
02:11
but it also causes impotence.
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també provoca impotència.
02:13
Half of guys who smoke are impotent.
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La meitat del homes que fumen són impotents.
02:15
How sexy is that?
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Molt atractiu, no trobeu?
02:16
Now we're also about to publish a study --
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Estem a punt de publicar un estudi -
02:18
the first study showing you can change gene expression in men with prostate cancer.
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un estudi que demostra que és possible canviar l'expressió genètica en homes amb càncer de pròstata.
02:21
This is what's called a heat map --
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És el que s'anomena un mapa de calor
02:23
and the different colors -- and along the side, on the right, are different genes.
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amb colors diferents, i al costat dret hi ha els diferents gens.
02:26
And we found that over 500 genes were favorably changed --
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I vam descobrir que més de 500 gens van canviar favorablement,
02:29
in effect, turning on the good genes, the disease-preventing genes,
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de fet es van convertit en gens bons, en gens que prevenen malalties
02:32
turning off the disease-promoting genes.
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inactivant així els gens que les afavoreixen.
02:36
And so these findings I think are really very powerful,
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Penso que aquests descobriments són molt poderosos
02:39
giving many people new hope and new choices.
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ja que donen noves esperances i opcions a moltes persones.
02:41
And companies like Navigenics and DNA Direct and 23andMe,
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I empreses com Navigeniz, DNA Direct i 23andMe,
02:46
that are giving you your genetic profiles,
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que ofereixen els perfils genètics dels individus,
02:49
are giving some people a sense of, "Gosh, well, what can I do about it?"
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donen a algunes persones una sensació de "Bé, no puc fer-hi res, oi?"
02:52
Well, our genes are not our fate, and if we make these changes --
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En fi, els gens no són el nostre destí; si realitzem aquests canvis,
02:55
they're a predisposition -- but if we make bigger changes
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seran una predisposició; però si fem canvis més grans
02:57
than we might have made otherwise,
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dels que hauríem fet
02:59
we can actually change how our genes are expressed.
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podem canviar realment com s'expressen els nostres gens.
03:02
Thank you.
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Gràcies.
03:03
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dean Ornish - Physician, authorDean Ornish is a clinical professor at UCSF and founder of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute. He's a leading expert on fighting illness -- particularly heart disease with dietary and lifestyle changes.
Why you should listen
Dr. Dean Ornish wants you to live longer, and have more fun while you're at it. He's one of the leading voices in the medical community promoting a balanced, holistic approach to health, and proving that it works. The author of Eat More, Weigh Less and several other best-selling books, Ornish is best known for his lifestyle-based approach to fighting heart disease.
His research at the Preventive Medicine Research Institute (the nonprofit he founded) clinically demonstrated that cardiovascular illnesses -- and, most recently prostate cancer -- can be treated and even reversed through diet and exercise. These findings (once thought to be physiologically implausible) have been widely chronicled in the US media, including Newsweek, for which Ornish writes a column. The fifty-something physician, who's received many honors and awards, was chosen by LIFE Magazine as one of the most influential members of his generation. Among his many pursuits, Ornish is now working with food corporations to help stop America's obesity pandemic from spreading around the globe.
Dean Ornish | Speaker | TED.com