TED2008
Dean Ornish: Your genes are not your fate
基因并非不可改变——奥尼士主任如是说
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奥尼士主任与我们分享了他的新研究成果。这项研究显示，健康的生活习惯能够影响到人的基因。比如说，当一个人生活得更健康、吃得更好、勤锻炼身体、付出更多的爱的时候，他的脑细胞数目会增加。
Dean Ornish - Physician, author
Dean Ornish is a clinical professor at UCSF and founder of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute. He's a leading expert on fighting illness -- particularly heart disease with dietary and lifestyle changes. Full bio
Dean Ornish is a clinical professor at UCSF and founder of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute. He's a leading expert on fighting illness -- particularly heart disease with dietary and lifestyle changes. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
One way to change our genes is to make new ones,
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改变基因的一个方法是创造出新的基因，
00:14
as Craig Venter has so elegantly shown.
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就像克雷格.文特尔的优美结论所展示的那样；
00:16
Another is to change our lifestyles.
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而还有一个方法则是改进我们的生活习惯。
00:19
And what we're learning is how powerful and dynamic these changes can be,
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事实上我们发现，后者所涉及的改动能够较快地带来巨大的成效，
00:23
that you don't have to wait very long to see the benefits.
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使得我们不用望断秋水般等待这些措施见效。
00:26
When you eat healthier, manage stress, exercise and love more,
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当你的饮食更加健康，懂得处理与释放压力，坚持锻炼，并且付出爱心的时候，
00:31
your brain actually gets more blood flow and more oxygen.
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你的大脑会得到更多的供血与供氧。
00:33
But more than that, your brain gets measurably bigger.
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不仅如此，你的大脑在体积上也会有所增长。
00:36
Things that were thought impossible just a few years ago
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几年以前我们还以为这种增长是无法测量出来的，
00:38
can actually be measured now.
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但如今我们已经可以做了。
00:40
This was figured out by Robin Williams
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这都要归功于罗宾.威廉姆斯的工作，
00:43
a few years before the rest of us.
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他走在了我们其他人前面。
00:45
Now, there's some things that you can do
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事实上，有不少事情...
00:47
to make your brain grow new brain cells.
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...都可以促进新脑细胞的诞生。
00:50
Some of my favorite things, like chocolate and tea, blueberries,
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我个人比较偏好的有吃巧克力、喝茶、吃蓝莓...
00:52
alcohol in moderation, stress management
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...适量饮酒，自我调节心理压力...
00:56
and cannabinoids found in marijuana.
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...以及大麻类物质。
00:58
I'm just the messenger.
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当然啦，我只是这么说(意为并无鼓励人们使用大麻的意图)。
01:01
(Laughter)
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(笑)
01:04
What were we just talking about?
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我们前面说到哪儿了来着？
01:07
(Laughter)
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(笑)
01:09
And other things that can make it worse,
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然而有些事情做了呢只会适得其反，
01:11
that can cause you to lose brain cells.
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使你的脑细胞数量减少。
01:13
The usual suspects, like saturated fat and sugar,
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比较普遍的罪魁祸首有饱和脂肪、糖类...
01:16
nicotine, opiates, cocaine, too much alcohol and chronic stress.
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...尼古丁、鸦片类物质、可卡因、酗酒以及长期压力过大。
01:20
Your skin gets more blood flow when you change your lifestyle,
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当你改进你的生活习惯的时候，皮肤的供血会更加充足，
01:23
so you age less quickly. Your skin doesn't wrinkle as much.
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这可以起到延缓衰老的效果，因为皮肤不那么容易起皱纹了。
01:26
Your heart gets more blood flow.
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你的心脏供血量也会增大，
01:28
We've shown that you can actually reverse heart disease.
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我们的研究指出，这甚至可以阻止心脏病的发作。
01:30
That these clogged arteries that you see on the upper left,
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大家可以看到，幻灯片左上角显示的是被阻塞了的动脉，
01:33
after only a year become measurably less clogged.
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而经过一年的健康生活以后，动脉的阻塞程度明显降低。
01:35
And the cardiac PET scan shown on the lower left,
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我们再来看左下角这张心脏的断层显像，
01:37
the blue means no blood flow.
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蓝色部分表示没有血液流通。
01:39
A year later -- orange and white is maximum blood flow.
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同样也是一年以后，我们看到大块的橙色与白色，它们正表示最大的血流量。
01:42
We've shown you may be able to stop and reverse the progression
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我们的研究还表明，[通过采取健康的生活策略]我们有可能阻止甚至逆转...
01:45
of early prostate cancer and, by extension, breast cancer,
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,,,早期的前列腺癌，推而广之，也包括乳腺癌。
01:47
simply by making these changes.
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而我们要做的就是改变不良的生活习惯。
01:49
We've found that tumor growth in vitro was inhibited
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通过进行肿瘤生长的体外试管实验我们发现，
01:52
70 percent in the group that made these changes,
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实验组中的肿瘤生长被抑制了百分之七十，
01:54
whereas only nine percent in the comparison group.
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而在对照组中这个比例却只有百分之九。
01:57
These differences were highly significant.
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这是一个非常显著的差异。
01:59
Even your sexual organs get more blood flow,
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人们的性器官也会得到更多的血液，
02:01
so you increase sexual potency.
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从而提高性能力。
02:03
One of the most effective anti-smoking ads was done
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在所有的禁烟广告中，最有效的一个...
02:05
by the Department of Health Services,
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...是健康服务部所拍摄的。
02:07
showing that nicotine, which constricts your arteries,
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这则广告上说，尼古丁不仅会由于紧缩动脉...
02:09
can cause a heart attack or a stroke,
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...而导致心脏病或中风，
02:11
but it also causes impotence.
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它还会导致性无能。
02:13
Half of guys who smoke are impotent.
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男性吸烟者中有一半是性无能者，
02:15
How sexy is that?
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事情变得不那么性感了吧？
02:16
Now we're also about to publish a study --
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最近我们还在准备发表一项调查研究，
02:18
the first study showing you can change gene expression in men with prostate cancer.
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它显示罹患前列腺癌的男性有能力改变他们的基因表达。
02:21
This is what's called a heat map --
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这张幻灯片就是我们所说的“热图”，
02:23
and the different colors -- and along the side, on the right, are different genes.
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它用不同的颜色[代表不同的属性]。右边的图显示的是变化了的基因。
02:26
And we found that over 500 genes were favorably changed --
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我们发现500多个基因发生了良性变异，
02:29
in effect, turning on the good genes, the disease-preventing genes,
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我们可以把这理解为那些好的、能够预防疾病的基因被激活，
02:32
turning off the disease-promoting genes.
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而会导致疾病的基因则失效了。
02:36
And so these findings I think are really very powerful,
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我认为这些发现会有非常巨大的影响，
02:39
giving many people new hope and new choices.
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它能带给很多人新的希望和新的选择。
02:41
And companies like Navigenics and DNA Direct and 23andMe,
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那些为客户提供个人基因档案的公司，
02:46
that are giving you your genetic profiles,
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诸如“基因导航(Navigenics)”、“DNA直通车(DNA Direct)”和“染色体与我(23andMe)”，
02:49
are giving some people a sense of, "Gosh, well, what can I do about it?"
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常给客户造成“天哪，那我该怎么办呢？”的感觉(因为客户有基因缺陷不可改变的错觉)。
02:52
Well, our genes are not our fate, and if we make these changes --
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但事实上，我们的基因并不是一切的终结。如果我们做出积极的改变，
02:55
they're a predisposition -- but if we make bigger changes
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那么即使我们有更易患病的倾向，
02:57
than we might have made otherwise,
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只要我们比普通人作出更大的积极改变，
02:59
we can actually change how our genes are expressed.
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我们依然可以改变我们的基因的外化表达。
03:02
Thank you.
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谢谢
03:03
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dean Ornish - Physician, authorDean Ornish is a clinical professor at UCSF and founder of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute. He's a leading expert on fighting illness -- particularly heart disease with dietary and lifestyle changes.
Why you should listen
Dr. Dean Ornish wants you to live longer, and have more fun while you're at it. He's one of the leading voices in the medical community promoting a balanced, holistic approach to health, and proving that it works. The author of Eat More, Weigh Less and several other best-selling books, Ornish is best known for his lifestyle-based approach to fighting heart disease.
His research at the Preventive Medicine Research Institute (the nonprofit he founded) clinically demonstrated that cardiovascular illnesses -- and, most recently prostate cancer -- can be treated and even reversed through diet and exercise. These findings (once thought to be physiologically implausible) have been widely chronicled in the US media, including Newsweek, for which Ornish writes a column. The fifty-something physician, who's received many honors and awards, was chosen by LIFE Magazine as one of the most influential members of his generation. Among his many pursuits, Ornish is now working with food corporations to help stop America's obesity pandemic from spreading around the globe.
Dean Ornish | Speaker | TED.com