TED2008
Dean Ornish: Your genes are not your fate
Dean Ornish 說你的基因不等於你的命運
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Dean Ornish 與我們分享最新的研究成果，顯示採取健康生活作息可以在基因層面上影響一個人。他舉例說，例如：當你作息正常，飲食均衡，運動與保持喜樂，這些行為會使你的腦細胞增加。
Dean Ornish - Physician, author
Dean Ornish is a clinical professor at UCSF and founder of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute. He's a leading expert on fighting illness -- particularly heart disease with dietary and lifestyle changes. Full bio
Dean Ornish is a clinical professor at UCSF and founder of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute. He's a leading expert on fighting illness -- particularly heart disease with dietary and lifestyle changes. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
One way to change our genes is to make new ones,
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改變我們基因的方法之一，是製造新的基因，
00:14
as Craig Venter has so elegantly shown.
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如同克萊格•凡特之前優雅的演說一般。
00:16
Another is to change our lifestyles.
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另一個方法是，改變我們的生活作息。
00:19
And what we're learning is how powerful and dynamic these changes can be,
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我們所學到的是，這些改變可以非常迅速與有效，
00:23
that you don't have to wait very long to see the benefits.
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你不需要等待太久，就能察覺它的效益。
00:26
When you eat healthier, manage stress, exercise and love more,
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當你吃得更健康，有效紓解壓力，運動與保持喜樂，
00:31
your brain actually gets more blood flow and more oxygen.
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你腦部血液循環會增加，因而獲得更多氧氣。
00:33
But more than that, your brain gets measurably bigger.
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除此之外，你的腦容積會明顯地變大。
00:36
Things that were thought impossible just a few years ago
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幾年前被認為不可能的事，
00:38
can actually be measured now.
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而現在能被測知了。
00:40
This was figured out by Robin Williams
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這一點羅賓•威廉斯
00:43
a few years before the rest of us.
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比我們還要更早幾年知道。（電影：窈窕奶爸）
00:45
Now, there's some things that you can do
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因此，你可以做一些事情來
00:47
to make your brain grow new brain cells.
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促使你的腦增生新的腦細胞。
00:50
Some of my favorite things, like chocolate and tea, blueberries,
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一些我最喜愛的事物，像是巧克力、茶、藍莓、
00:52
alcohol in moderation, stress management
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適度的飲酒，良好的情緒管理
00:56
and cannabinoids found in marijuana.
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還有大麻中的大麻醇。
00:58
I'm just the messenger.
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我只是傳遞訊息而已。
01:01
(Laughter)
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（全場大笑）
01:04
What were we just talking about?
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我們剛剛談到哪裡？
01:07
(Laughter)
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（全場大笑）
01:09
And other things that can make it worse,
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其他這些事情可以使情形惡化，
01:11
that can cause you to lose brain cells.
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它們可以讓你失去腦細胞。
01:13
The usual suspects, like saturated fat and sugar,
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它們是我們常聽到的，像是：飽和脂肪與糖類、
01:16
nicotine, opiates, cocaine, too much alcohol and chronic stress.
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尼古丁、嗎啡、古柯鹼、過量飲酒與慢性的壓力。
01:20
Your skin gets more blood flow when you change your lifestyle,
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當你改變生活作息的同時，皮膚的血液循環也會增加，
01:23
so you age less quickly. Your skin doesn't wrinkle as much.
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因此可以減緩老化，減少皺紋產生。
01:26
Your heart gets more blood flow.
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你的心臟獲得更多的血液供給。
01:28
We've shown that you can actually reverse heart disease.
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我們已經證明，你可以逆轉心臟疾病的生成。
01:30
That these clogged arteries that you see on the upper left,
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你們在左上圖所看到的這些動脈阻塞，
01:33
after only a year become measurably less clogged.
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在短短的一年後變得暢通許多。
01:35
And the cardiac PET scan shown on the lower left,
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而在左下圖是心血管正子掃描結果，
01:37
the blue means no blood flow.
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藍色意味著沒有血液流過。
01:39
A year later -- orange and white is maximum blood flow.
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一年後 — 橘色和白色表示血液循環非常暢通。
01:42
We've shown you may be able to stop and reverse the progression
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我們已經證明，你可以停止或是反轉
01:45
of early prostate cancer and, by extension, breast cancer,
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早期攝護腺癌(另譯:前列腺癌)的發生，推測乳癌也適用，
01:47
simply by making these changes.
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只要做出這些改變。
01:49
We've found that tumor growth in vitro was inhibited
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當病人作出這些改變，
01:52
70 percent in the group that made these changes,
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他們的癌細胞在試管培養實驗發現生長力降低了 70%,
01:54
whereas only nine percent in the comparison group.
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而對照組只降低了 9%。
01:57
These differences were highly significant.
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這些差異非常的顯著。
01:59
Even your sexual organs get more blood flow,
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甚至你性器官的血液循環也會增加，
02:01
so you increase sexual potency.
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所以你的性能力會跟著增加。
02:03
One of the most effective anti-smoking ads was done
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衛生局製作出了最有效的
02:05
by the Department of Health Services,
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反菸害廣告之一，
02:07
showing that nicotine, which constricts your arteries,
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告訴人們，尼古丁會使動脈收縮，
02:09
can cause a heart attack or a stroke,
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導致心臟病發作或是中風，
02:11
but it also causes impotence.
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同時也會引發性無能。
02:13
Half of guys who smoke are impotent.
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半數吸煙的男士有性功能障礙。
02:15
How sexy is that?
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這樣能多性感？
02:16
Now we're also about to publish a study --
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我們也即將發表一則研究 —
02:18
the first study showing you can change gene expression in men with prostate cancer.
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這個研究顯示，你可以改變攝護腺癌男士的基因表現。
02:21
This is what's called a heat map --
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這是我們稱之為基因熱圖的資料。
02:23
and the different colors -- and along the side, on the right, are different genes.
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這些不同的顏色，在投影片右邊你可以看到，表示不同的基因。
02:26
And we found that over 500 genes were favorably changed --
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我們發現，超過五百個基因呈現好轉趨勢，
02:29
in effect, turning on the good genes, the disease-preventing genes,
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開啟好的基因，能防止疾病的基因，
02:32
turning off the disease-promoting genes.
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關閉會促使疾病產生的基因。
02:36
And so these findings I think are really very powerful,
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我認為，這些發現是非常有用的。
02:39
giving many people new hope and new choices.
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能為許多人帶來新的希望與選擇。
02:41
And companies like Navigenics and DNA Direct and 23andMe,
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而那些像是 Navigenix, DNA Direct 和 23andMe 等
02:46
that are giving you your genetic profiles,
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提供你個人基因資訊的公司，
02:49
are giving some people a sense of, "Gosh, well, what can I do about it?"
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會為某些人帶來命定論的感覺，「老天，我能怎麼辦？」
02:52
Well, our genes are not our fate, and if we make these changes --
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這麼嘛，我們的基因不能決定我們的命運，只要我們能做改變 —
02:55
they're a predisposition -- but if we make bigger changes
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它們是你的體質傾向，但如果我們做出更大的改變，
02:57
than we might have made otherwise,
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我們可以改變它的方向，
02:59
we can actually change how our genes are expressed.
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我們可以改變我的的基因如何表現。
03:02
Thank you.
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謝謝大家。
03:03
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dean Ornish - Physician, authorDean Ornish is a clinical professor at UCSF and founder of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute. He's a leading expert on fighting illness -- particularly heart disease with dietary and lifestyle changes.
Why you should listen
Dr. Dean Ornish wants you to live longer, and have more fun while you're at it. He's one of the leading voices in the medical community promoting a balanced, holistic approach to health, and proving that it works. The author of Eat More, Weigh Less and several other best-selling books, Ornish is best known for his lifestyle-based approach to fighting heart disease.
His research at the Preventive Medicine Research Institute (the nonprofit he founded) clinically demonstrated that cardiovascular illnesses -- and, most recently prostate cancer -- can be treated and even reversed through diet and exercise. These findings (once thought to be physiologically implausible) have been widely chronicled in the US media, including Newsweek, for which Ornish writes a column. The fifty-something physician, who's received many honors and awards, was chosen by LIFE Magazine as one of the most influential members of his generation. Among his many pursuits, Ornish is now working with food corporations to help stop America's obesity pandemic from spreading around the globe.
Dean Ornish | Speaker | TED.com