TED2011
Daniel Tammet: Different ways of knowing
Daniel Tammet: Različiti načini poznavanja
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Daniel Tammet ima lingvističku, numeričku i vizualnu sinesteziju -- što znači da su njegove percepcije riječi, brojeva i boja povezane zajedno u novi način doživljavanja i razumijevanja svijeta. Autor "Rođen na plavi dan", Tammet dijeli svoju umjetnost i strast za jezicima u ovom letimičnom pogledu na njegov prekrasan um.
Daniel Tammet - Linguist, educator
Daniel Tammet is the author of "Born on a Blue Day," about his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome. He runs the language-learning site Optimnem, and his new book is "Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind." Full bio
Daniel Tammet is the author of "Born on a Blue Day," about his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome. He runs the language-learning site Optimnem, and his new book is "Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm a savant,
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Ja sam naučnik,
00:17
or more precisely,
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ili preciznije,
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a high-functioning
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visoko funkcionalan
00:21
autistic savant.
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autističan naučnik.
00:23
It's a rare condition.
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To je rijetka pojava.
00:25
And rarer still when accompanied,
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A još rjeđa ukoliko joj slijedi,
00:28
as in my case,
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kao u mom slučaju,
00:30
by self-awareness
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samospoznaja
00:32
and a mastery of language.
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i svladavanje jezika.
00:35
Very often when I meet someone
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Vrlo često kada upoznam nekoga
00:38
and they learn this about me,
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a oni saznaju te stvari o meni,
00:40
there's a certain kind of awkwardness.
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postoji određena doza nelagode.
00:43
I can see it in their eyes.
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Mogu im to vidjeti u očima.
00:46
They want to ask me something.
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Žele me pitati nešto.
00:49
And in the end, quite often,
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I na kraju, prilično često,
00:51
the urge is stronger than they are
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nagon je snažniji od njih samih
00:54
and they blurt it out:
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i izbrbljaju se:
00:56
"If I give you my date of birth,
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"Ukoliko vam dam svoj datum rođenja,
00:58
can you tell me what day of the week I was born on?"
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možete li mi reći koji dan u tjednu sam se rodio?"
01:00
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:03
Or they mention cube roots
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Ili spomenu korijene
01:06
or ask me to recite a long number or long text.
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ili me zamole da im izrecitiram vrlo dugačak broj ili dugačak tekst.
01:10
I hope you'll forgive me
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Nadam se kako ćete mi oprostiti
01:12
if I don't perform
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ukoliko ne izvodim
01:15
a kind of one-man savant show for you today.
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danas neku vrstu predstave uobičajenu za naučnika.
01:19
I'm going to talk instead
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Umjesto toga pričati ću
01:22
about something
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o nečemu
01:24
far more interesting
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puno zanimljivijem
01:26
than dates of birth or cube roots --
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od datuma rođenja ili korijena --
01:29
a little deeper
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malo dubljem
01:31
and a lot closer, to my mind, than work.
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i malo bliže mom umu, nego poslu.
01:34
I want to talk to you briefly
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Želim vam ukratko pričati
01:36
about perception.
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o percepciji.
01:39
When he was writing the plays and the short stories
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Kada je pisao drame i kratke priče
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that would make his name,
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koje će ga učiniti poznatim,
01:44
Anton Chekhov kept a notebook
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Anton Čehov je imao bilježnicu
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in which he noted down
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u koju je bilježio
01:49
his observations
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svoja opažanja
01:51
of the world around him --
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o svijetu oko sebe --
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little details
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male detalje
01:55
that other people seem to miss.
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koji su drugim ljudima promakli.
01:58
Every time I read Chekhov
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Svaki put kada čitam Čehova
02:01
and his unique vision of human life,
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i njegovu jedinstvenu viziju ljudskog života,
02:05
I'm reminded of why I too
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sjetim se zašto sam i ja
02:07
became a writer.
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postao pisac.
02:09
In my books,
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U svojim knjigama
02:11
I explore the nature of perception
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istražujem prirodu percepcije
02:13
and how different kinds of perceiving
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i kako različite vrste doživljavanja
02:16
create different kinds of knowing
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stvaraju različite vrste poznavanja
02:18
and understanding.
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i shvaćanja.
02:23
Here are three questions
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Ovdje su tri pitanja
02:25
drawn from my work.
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koja mogu izvući iz mog posla.
02:27
Rather than try to figure them out,
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Umjesto da ih pokušate dokučiti,
02:29
I'm going to ask you to consider for a moment
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zamoliti ću vas na trenutak da uzmete u obzir
02:32
the intuitions
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intuicije
02:34
and the gut instincts
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i osnovne instinkte
02:36
that are going through your head and your heart
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koji prolaze kroz vašu glavu i vaše srce
02:38
as you look at them.
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kada ih gledate.
02:41
For example, the calculation:
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Na primjer, računanje.
02:44
can you feel where on the number line
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Možete li osjetiti gdje će na brojčanoj crti
02:46
the solution is likely to fall?
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rješenje vrlo vjerojatno pasti?
02:49
Or look at the foreign word and the sounds:
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Ili pogledajte stranu riječ i zvukove.
02:52
can you get a sense of the range of meanings
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Možete li dobiti osjećaj za raspon značenja
02:54
that it's pointing you towards?
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prema kojima vas nahodi?
02:57
And in terms of the line of poetry,
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A u terminima stiha poezije,
03:00
why does the poet use the word hare
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zašto pjesnik upotrebljava riječ zec
03:02
rather than rabbit?
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umjesto riječi kunić?
03:06
I'm asking you to do this
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Zamolio sam vas da napravite to
03:08
because I believe our personal perceptions, you see,
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jer vjerujem kako su naše osobne percepcije, vidite,
03:12
are at the heart
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u srži
03:14
of how we acquire knowledge.
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onoga kako prikupljamo znanje.
03:16
Aesthetic judgments,
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Estetske procjene,
03:18
rather than abstract reasoning,
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umjesto apstraktnog rasuđivanja,
03:21
guide and shape the process
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vode i oblikuju proces
03:23
by which we all come to know
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u kojem svi dolazimo do znanja
03:26
what we know.
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kojeg posjedujemo.
03:28
I'm an extreme example of this.
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Ja sam ekstreman primjer toga.
03:31
My worlds of words and numbers
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Moji svjetovi riječi i brojeva
03:34
blur with color, emotion
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se prepleću s bojama, osjećajima
03:36
and personality.
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i osobnosti.
03:38
As Juan said,
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Kako je Juan rekao,
03:40
it's the condition that scientists call synesthesia,
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to je stanje koje znanstvenici nazivaju sinestezija,
03:43
an unusual cross-talk
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neobična kros-poveznica
03:45
between the senses.
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između osjetila.
03:51
Here are the numbers one to 12
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Ovdje su brojevi jedan do 12
03:53
as I see them --
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kako ih ja vidim --
03:55
every number with its own shape and character.
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svaki broj sa svojim oblikom i znakom.
03:59
One is a flash of white light.
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Jedan je bljesak bijelog svjetla.
04:01
Six is a tiny and very sad black hole.
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Šest je mala i vrlo tužna crna rupa.
04:06
The sketches are in black and white here,
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Skice su ovdje crno na bijelo,
04:09
but in my mind they have colors.
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ali u mom umu one imaju boju.
04:11
Three is green.
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Tri je zeleno.
04:13
Four is blue.
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Četiri je plavo.
04:15
Five is yellow.
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Pet je žuto.
04:20
I paint as well.
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Isto tako i slikam.
04:22
And here is one of my paintings.
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A ovdje je jedna od mojih slika.
04:25
It's a multiplication of two prime numbers.
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To je množenje dva prosta broja.
04:29
Three-dimensional shapes
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Trodimenzionalni oblici
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and the space they create in the middle
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i prostor koji stvaraju u sredini
04:34
creates a new shape,
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stvara novi oblik,
04:36
the answer to the sum.
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odgovor na iznos.
04:39
What about bigger numbers?
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A što je s većim brojevima?
04:41
Well you can't get much bigger than Pi,
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Pa, ne možete ići puno više nego što je Pi,
04:45
the mathematical constant.
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matematička konstanta.
04:47
It's an infinite number --
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To je beskonačan broj --
04:49
literally goes on forever.
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doslovno ide u beskonačnost.
04:51
In this painting that I made
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Na ovoj slici koju sam naslikao
04:53
of the first 20 decimals of Pi,
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a koja prikazuje prvih 20 decimala broja Pi,
04:57
I take the colors
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uzmem boje
04:59
and the emotions and the textures
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i osjećaje i teksture
05:02
and I pull them all together
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i povučem ih sve zajedno
05:04
into a kind of rolling numerical landscape.
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u neku vrstu koturajućeg numeričkog krajolika.
05:09
But it's not only numbers that I see in colors.
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Ali ne vidim samo brojeve u bojama.
05:12
Words too, for me,
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Riječi isto tako, za mene,
05:14
have colors and emotions
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imaju boje i osjećaje
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and textures.
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i teksture.
05:18
And this is an opening phrase
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A ovo je početna fraza
05:20
from the novel "Lolita."
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iz romana "Lolita".
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And Nabokov was himself synesthetic.
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A Nabokov je isto bio sinestetičar.
05:26
And you can see here
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A ovdje možete vidjeti
05:28
how my perception of the sound L
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kako moja percepcija zvuka L
05:31
helps the alliteration
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pomaže aliteraciji
05:33
to jump right out.
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da iskoči van.
05:36
Another example:
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Drugi primjer:
05:38
a little bit more mathematical.
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malo više matematički.
05:40
And I wonder if some of you will notice
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I pitam se hoće li neki od vas primjetiti
05:42
the construction of the sentence
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konstrukciju rečenice
05:44
from "The Great Gatsby."
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iz "Velikog Gatsbya".
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There is a procession of syllables --
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Tamo se nalazi povorka slogova --
05:51
wheat, one;
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pšenica, jedan;
05:53
prairies, two;
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prerije, dva;
05:55
lost Swede towns, three --
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izgubljeni švedski grad, tri --
05:58
one, two, three.
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jedan, dva, tri.
06:00
And this effect is very pleasant on the mind,
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I taj učinak jako povoljno djeluje na um
06:04
and it helps the sentence
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i pomaže da rečenica
06:06
to feel right.
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ispadne dobro.
06:09
Let's go back to the questions
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Vratimo se na pitanja
06:11
I posed you a moment ago.
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koja sam vam postavio maloprije.
06:14
64 multiplied by 75.
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64 pomnoženo sa 75.
06:17
If some of you play chess,
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Ukoliko neki od vas igraju šah,
06:20
you'll know that 64
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znati ćete kako je 64
06:22
is a square number,
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kvadratni broj
06:25
and that's why chessboards,
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i zato šahovske ploče,
06:27
eight by eight,
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osam puta osam,
06:29
have 64 squares.
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imaju 64 kvadrata.
06:32
So that gives us a form
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Dakle, to nam daje formu
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that we can picture, that we can perceive.
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koju možemo naslikati, koju možemo doživjeti.
06:37
What about 75?
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A što je sa 75?
06:40
Well if 100,
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Pa ako 100,
06:42
if we think of 100 as being like a square,
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ukoliko zamislimo 100 kao da je kvadrat,
06:45
75 would look like this.
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75 bi izgledao ovako.
06:48
So what we need to do now
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Dakle, ono što trebamo učiniti sada
06:50
is put those two pictures
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je staviti te dvije slike
06:52
together in our mind --
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zajedno u našim mislima --
06:54
something like this.
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nešto poput ovoga.
06:57
64 becomes 6,400.
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64 postaje 6.400.
07:01
And in the right-hand corner,
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A u desnom kutu,
07:05
you don't have to calculate anything.
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ne morate ništa računati.
07:07
Four across, four up and down --
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Četiri poprijeko, četiri gore i dolje --
07:09
it's 16.
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to je 16.
07:12
So what the sum is actually asking you to do
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Dakle, ono što vas zbroj traži da učinite
07:14
is 16,
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je 16,
07:16
16, 16.
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16, 16.
07:19
That's a lot easier
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To je puno lakše
07:21
than the way that the school taught you to do math, I'm sure.
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nego što vas je škola učila matematici. Siguran sam.
07:24
It's 16, 16, 16, 48,
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To je 16, 16, 16, 48,
07:26
4,800 --
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4.800 --
07:28
4,800,
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4.000,
07:30
the answer to the sum.
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odgovor na zbroj.
07:33
Easy when you know how.
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Lako je kada znate kako.
07:35
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:38
The second question was an Icelandic word.
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Drugo pitanje je bila islandska riječ.
07:41
I'm assuming there are not many people here
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Pretpostavljam kako ovdje nema puno ljudi
07:44
who speak Icelandic.
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koji pričaju islandski.
07:46
So let me narrow the choices down to two.
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Dakle, dopustite mi da suzim izbore na dva.
07:51
Hnugginn:
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Hnugginn:
07:53
is it a happy word,
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je li to sretna riječ,
07:55
or a sad word?
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ili tužna riječ?
07:57
What do you say?
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Što kažete?
08:00
Okay.
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U redu.
08:02
Some people say it's happy.
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Neki ljudi kažu kako je sretna.
08:04
Most people, a majority of people,
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Većina ljudi,
08:06
say sad.
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kaže tužna.
08:08
And it actually means sad.
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A zapravo i znači tužno.
08:12
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:15
Why do, statistically,
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Zašto, statistički,
08:18
a majority of people
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većina ljudi
08:20
say that a word is sad, in this case,
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kaže kako je riječ tužna, u ovom slučaju,
08:22
heavy in other cases?
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teška u drugim slučajevima?
08:25
In my theory, language evolves in such a way
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Prema mojoj teoriji, jezik se razvija na takav način
08:28
that sounds match,
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da se zvukovi poklapaju,
08:30
correspond with, the subjective,
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korespondiraju sa subjektivnim,
08:33
with the personal,
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s osobnim
08:35
intuitive experience
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intuitivnim iskustvom
08:37
of the listener.
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slušatelja.
08:40
Let's have a look at the third question.
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Pogledajmo treće pitanje.
08:44
It's a line from a poem by John Keats.
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To je stih iz pjesme Johna Keatsa.
08:47
Words, like numbers,
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Riječi, poput brojeva,
08:50
express fundamental relationships
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izražavaju osnovne veze
08:53
between objects
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između objekata
08:55
and events and forces
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i događaja i sila
08:57
that constitute our world.
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koje sačinjavaju naš svijet.
08:59
It stands to reason that we, existing in this world,
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Dolazimo do logičnog zaključka kako bi mi, postojeći u ovom svijetu,
09:02
should in the course of our lives
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trebali tijekom naših života
09:04
absorb intuitively those relationships.
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intuitivno apsorbirati te veze.
09:07
And poets, like other artists,
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A pjesnici, poput ostalih umjetnika,
09:10
play with those intuitive understandings.
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se igraju s tim intuitivnim shvaćanjima.
09:13
In the case of hare,
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U slučaju zeca,
09:16
it's an ambiguous sound in English.
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to je dvosmislen zvuk u engleskom jeziku.
09:18
It can also mean the fibers that grow from a head.
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On može ujedno značiti i vlakna koja rastu iz glave.
09:21
And if we think of that --
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I ako pomislimo na to --
09:23
let me put the picture up --
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dopustite da prikažem sliku --
09:25
the fibers represent vulnerability.
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vlakna predstavljaju ranjivost.
09:29
They yield to the slightest movement
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Ona popuste na najmanja kretanja
09:32
or motion or emotion.
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ili pokret ili osjećaj.
09:35
So what you have is an atmosphere
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Dakle, ono što imate je atmosfera
09:39
of vulnerability and tension.
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ranjivosti i tenzije.
09:41
The hare itself, the animal --
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Zec sam po sebi, životinja --
09:43
not a cat, not a dog, a hare --
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ne mačka, ne pas, zec --
09:46
why a hare?
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zašto zec?
09:48
Because think of the picture --
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Jer razmislite o slici,
09:50
not the word, the picture.
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ne riječi, slici.
09:52
The overlong ears,
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Predugačke uši,
09:54
the overlarge feet,
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predugačka stopala,
09:56
helps us to picture, to feel intuitively,
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nam pomažu da zamislimo, da intuitivno osjetimo,
09:59
what it means to limp
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što to znači šepati
10:02
and to tremble.
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i drhtati.
10:05
So in these few minutes,
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Dakle, u tih nekoliko minuta,
10:07
I hope I've been able to share
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nadam se kako sam uspio podijeliti
10:09
a little bit of my vision of things
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malo svoju viziju stvari
10:12
and to show you
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i pokazati vam
10:15
that words can have colors and emotions,
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kako riječi mogu imati boje i osjećaje,
10:18
numbers, shapes and personalities.
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brojeve, oblike i osobnosti.
10:21
The world is richer,
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Svijet je bogatiji,
10:23
vaster
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prostraniji
10:25
than it too often seems to be.
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nego što se činio.
10:28
I hope that I've given you the desire
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Nadam se kako sam vam usadio želju
10:31
to learn to see the world with new eyes.
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da naučite gledati svijet novim očima.
10:34
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:36
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Tammet - Linguist, educatorDaniel Tammet is the author of "Born on a Blue Day," about his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome. He runs the language-learning site Optimnem, and his new book is "Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind."
Why you should listen
Daniel Tammet is a writer, linguist and educator. He is the creator of Optimnem, a website that has provided language learning instruction to thousands around the globe. His 2006 memoir Born on a Blue Day describes his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome; his new book, Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind, is a personal and scientific exploration of how the brain works and the differences and similarities between savant and non-savant minds.
Tammet set a European record on March 14, 2004, when he recited the mathematical constant pi (3.141...) to 22,514 decimal places from memory in a time of 5 hours, 9 minutes.
Daniel Tammet | Speaker | TED.com