TED2011
Daniel Tammet: Different ways of knowing
Daniel Temmet: Cara-cara yang berbeza untuk mengetahui
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Daniel Tammet menghidap sinesthesia bahasa, angka, dan visual -- bererti tanggapan beliau terhadap perkataan, nombor, dan warna terjalin bersama membentuk satu kaedah baru untuk melihat dan memahami dunia ini. Sebagai penulis buku berjudul "Born on a Blue Day", Tammet berkongsi bersama kebolehan dan keghairahan beliau berbahasa, dalam bayangan sekilas keistimewaan mindanya.
Daniel Tammet - Linguist, educator
Daniel Tammet is the author of "Born on a Blue Day," about his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome. He runs the language-learning site Optimnem, and his new book is "Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind." Full bio
Daniel Tammet is the author of "Born on a Blue Day," about his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome. He runs the language-learning site Optimnem, and his new book is "Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm a savant,
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Saya seorang cendiakawan,
00:17
or more precisely,
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atau lebih tepat lagi,
00:19
a high-functioning
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seorang cendiakawan autistik
00:21
autistic savant.
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berfungsi tinggi.
00:23
It's a rare condition.
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Keadaan ini, amat jarang ditemui.
00:25
And rarer still when accompanied,
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Lebih luar biasa lagi, keadaan
00:28
as in my case,
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saya sendiri, yang
00:30
by self-awareness
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mempunyai kesedaran diri
00:32
and a mastery of language.
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dan kemahiran berbahasa.
00:35
Very often when I meet someone
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Lazimnya, apabila saya bertemu seseorang
00:38
and they learn this about me,
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dan mereka baru mengetahui keadaan saya,
00:40
there's a certain kind of awkwardness.
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mereka akan merasa canggung.
00:43
I can see it in their eyes.
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Dari cara mereka memandang saya, saya dapat
00:46
They want to ask me something.
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merasa mereka mahu bertanyakan sesuatu.
00:49
And in the end, quite often,
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Dan kebiasaannya, kerana
00:51
the urge is stronger than they are
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keinginan yang mendesak, mereka
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and they blurt it out:
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terus berkata: "Sekiranya saya berikan
00:56
"If I give you my date of birth,
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tarikh lahir saya, bolehkah
00:58
can you tell me what day of the week I was born on?"
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anda tahu hari apa saya dilahirkan?"
01:00
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
01:03
Or they mention cube roots
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Atau mereka bertanyakan "punca kuasa tiga", atau
01:06
or ask me to recite a long number or long text.
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meminta saya menghafal deretan angka atau teks
01:10
I hope you'll forgive me
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panjang. Maafkan saya sekiranya tidak
01:12
if I don't perform
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membuat pertunjukan kebolehan
01:15
a kind of one-man savant show for you today.
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cendiakawan saya, hari ini.
01:19
I'm going to talk instead
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Sebaliknya, saya akan berucap
01:22
about something
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mengenai sesuatu yang
01:24
far more interesting
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jauh lebih menarik daripada
01:26
than dates of birth or cube roots --
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tarikh lahir atau punca kuasa tiga --
01:29
a little deeper
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lebih bermakna dan lebih hampir, pada
01:31
and a lot closer, to my mind, than work.
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pendapat saya, dari kerja.
01:34
I want to talk to you briefly
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Saya ingin berbincang secara ringkas
01:36
about perception.
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tentang tanggapan.
01:39
When he was writing the plays and the short stories
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Semasa mengarang drama dan cerpen yang
01:42
that would make his name,
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membawa kepada kemasyuharan beliau,
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Anton Chekhov kept a notebook
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Anton Chekhov telah menyimpan sebuah buku nota
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in which he noted down
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di mana beliau mencatatkan
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his observations
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pemerhatiannya
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of the world around him --
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terhadap dunia persekitarannya --
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little details
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perincian-perincian kecil yang
01:55
that other people seem to miss.
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tidak disedari orang.
01:58
Every time I read Chekhov
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Setiap kali saya membaca karya-karya Checkhov
02:01
and his unique vision of human life,
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dan visi unik beliau tentang kehidupan
02:05
I'm reminded of why I too
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manusia, mengingatkan saya tentang
02:07
became a writer.
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tujuan saya menjadi penulis.
02:09
In my books,
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Dalam tulisan saya,
02:11
I explore the nature of perception
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saya menerokai sifat semula jadi tanggapan
02:13
and how different kinds of perceiving
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dan tanggapan yang berbeza
02:16
create different kinds of knowing
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mencipta kesedaran dan
02:18
and understanding.
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kefahaman yang berbeza.
02:23
Here are three questions
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Di sini terdapat tiga soalan
02:25
drawn from my work.
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yang dipetik daripada hasil kerja saya.
02:27
Rather than try to figure them out,
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Daripada menyelesaikannya,
02:29
I'm going to ask you to consider for a moment
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saya mahu anda
02:32
the intuitions
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menyelami gerak hati
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and the gut instincts
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dan naluri yang wujud
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that are going through your head and your heart
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di fikiran dan hati anda
02:38
as you look at them.
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apabila anda melihatnya.
02:41
For example, the calculation:
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Sebagai contoh, pengiraan ini:
02:44
can you feel where on the number line
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bolehkah anda meneka di mana terletaknya
02:46
the solution is likely to fall?
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jawapan di garis nombor ini?
02:49
Or look at the foreign word and the sounds:
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Ataupun melihat dan mendengar sebutan
02:52
can you get a sense of the range of meanings
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perkataan-perkataan asing ini: bolehkah
02:54
that it's pointing you towards?
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anda mengagak erti perkataan ini?
02:57
And in terms of the line of poetry,
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Dan dalam rangkap puisi ini,
03:00
why does the poet use the word hare
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mengapakah penyair ini menggunakan
03:02
rather than rabbit?
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"hare" dan bukan "rabbit"?
03:06
I'm asking you to do this
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Saya meminta anda berbuat demikian
03:08
because I believe our personal perceptions, you see,
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sebab saya percaya, pesepsi peribadi
03:12
are at the heart
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adalah inti cara kita
03:14
of how we acquire knowledge.
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peroleh pengetahuan.
03:16
Aesthetic judgments,
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Pertimbangan estetik, dan
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rather than abstract reasoning,
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bukannya pemikiran abstrak,
03:21
guide and shape the process
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yang membawa dan membentuk proses
03:23
by which we all come to know
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cara mana kita mengetahui
03:26
what we know.
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apa yang kita ketahui.
03:28
I'm an extreme example of this.
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Saya merupakan contoh ekstrim keadaan ini.
03:31
My worlds of words and numbers
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Dunia perkataan dan nombor saya
03:34
blur with color, emotion
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dikaburi warna, emosi
03:36
and personality.
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dan sahsiah diri.
03:38
As Juan said,
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Seperti kata Juan,
03:40
it's the condition that scientists call synesthesia,
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para saintis mengelar keadaan ini sinestesia,
03:43
an unusual cross-talk
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tutur silang luar biasa
03:45
between the senses.
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antara pancaindera.
03:51
Here are the numbers one to 12
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Ini adalah nombor satu hingga 12
03:53
as I see them --
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dari sudut pandangan saya -- setiap
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every number with its own shape and character.
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nombor mempunyai bentuk dan sifatnya tersendiri.
03:59
One is a flash of white light.
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Nombor satu, pancaran cahaya putih.
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Six is a tiny and very sad black hole.
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Nombor enam, sebuah lubang kecil, hitam dan pilu.
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The sketches are in black and white here,
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Walaupun dilakarkan dalam hitam dan putih, namun
04:09
but in my mind they have colors.
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di dalam fikiran saya, ianya berwarna-warni.
04:11
Three is green.
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Nombor tiga berwarna hijau.
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Four is blue.
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Nombor empat berwarna biru.
04:15
Five is yellow.
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Nombor lima berwarna kuning.
04:20
I paint as well.
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Saya juga melukis.
04:22
And here is one of my paintings.
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Dan ini, salah satu daripada lukisan saya.
04:25
It's a multiplication of two prime numbers.
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Ia adalah pendaraban dua nombor perdana.
04:29
Three-dimensional shapes
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Berbentuk tiga matra dan
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and the space they create in the middle
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tercipta satu bentuk baru di antara
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creates a new shape,
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angka-angka tersebut, jawapan
04:36
the answer to the sum.
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kepada kira-kira tersebut.
04:39
What about bigger numbers?
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Bagaimana pula dengan angka-angka besar?
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Well you can't get much bigger than Pi,
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Anda tidak akan dapat jawapan lebih besar
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the mathematical constant.
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dari "Pi", pemalar matematik.
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It's an infinite number --
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Ia adalah nombor ketakterhingga --
04:49
literally goes on forever.
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berterusan tanpa akhir.
04:51
In this painting that I made
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Dalam lukisan saya ini, dari
04:53
of the first 20 decimals of Pi,
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perpuluhan pertama hingga ke 20 "Pi",
04:57
I take the colors
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saya mengambil warna-warna,
04:59
and the emotions and the textures
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emosi-emosi dan tekstur-tekstur,
05:02
and I pull them all together
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gabungkan kesemuanya menjadi
05:04
into a kind of rolling numerical landscape.
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satu alunan lanskap berangka.
05:09
But it's not only numbers that I see in colors.
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Tetapi, pada saya, bukan sahaja nombor
05:12
Words too, for me,
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yang mempunyai warna. Perkataan
05:14
have colors and emotions
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juga mempunyai warna, emosi
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and textures.
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dan tekstur.
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And this is an opening phrase
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Dan ini ialah ungkapan pengenalan yang
05:20
from the novel "Lolita."
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dipetik dari novel bertajuk "Lolita".
05:22
And Nabokov was himself synesthetic.
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Nabokov sendiri seorang sinestesia.
05:26
And you can see here
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Dan anda boleh lihat di sini
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how my perception of the sound L
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bagaimana persepsi saya terhadap
05:31
helps the alliteration
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sebutan "L" membantu
05:33
to jump right out.
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menonjolkan aliterasinya.
05:36
Another example:
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Contoh yang lain pula:
05:38
a little bit more mathematical.
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lebih cenderung kepada matematik.
05:40
And I wonder if some of you will notice
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Adakah anda perasan,
05:42
the construction of the sentence
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struktur ayat yang dipetik
05:44
from "The Great Gatsby."
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daripada "The Great Gatsby"?.
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There is a procession of syllables --
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Terdapat perarakan suku kata --
05:51
wheat, one;
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pertama, "wheat";
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prairies, two;
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kedua, "prairies";
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lost Swede towns, three --
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ketiga, "lost Swede towns" --
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one, two, three.
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Pertama, kedua, ketiga.
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And this effect is very pleasant on the mind,
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Dan ini memberi kesan yang menyenangkan
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and it helps the sentence
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pada minda kita dan membantu
06:06
to feel right.
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meluahkan maksud ayat.
06:09
Let's go back to the questions
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Berbalik kepada soalan-soalan
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I posed you a moment ago.
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yang saya tanyakan sebelum ini.
06:14
64 multiplied by 75.
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64 darab 75.
06:17
If some of you play chess,
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Bagi anda yang bermain catur,
06:20
you'll know that 64
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anda pasti tahu bahawa 64
06:22
is a square number,
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ialah angka berkuasa dua,
06:25
and that's why chessboards,
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sebab itulah papan catur,
06:27
eight by eight,
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mempunyai, lapan darab lapan,
06:29
have 64 squares.
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64 petak.
06:32
So that gives us a form
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Itu memberi kita satu bentuk
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that we can picture, that we can perceive.
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yang boleh digambarkan dan dilihat.
06:37
What about 75?
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Bagaimana pula dengan angka 75?
06:40
Well if 100,
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Jika kita beranggapan
06:42
if we think of 100 as being like a square,
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100 seperti satu segi empat sama,
06:45
75 would look like this.
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75 akan kelihatan begini.
06:48
So what we need to do now
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Jadi apa yang perlu kita lakukan
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is put those two pictures
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ialah menggabungkan kedua-dua
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together in our mind --
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gambar ini di dalam
06:54
something like this.
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minda kita -- seperti ini.
06:57
64 becomes 6,400.
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64 menjadi 6,400.
07:01
And in the right-hand corner,
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Dan di sudut kanan, anda tidak
07:05
you don't have to calculate anything.
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perlu membuat sebarang kiraan.
07:07
Four across, four up and down --
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Empat melintang, empat ke atas dan
07:09
it's 16.
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ke bawah -- iaitu 16.
07:12
So what the sum is actually asking you to do
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Jadi yang anda perlu lakukan
07:14
is 16,
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ialah 16,
07:16
16, 16.
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16, 16.
07:19
That's a lot easier
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Cara ini lebih mudah berbanding
07:21
than the way that the school taught you to do math, I'm sure.
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kaedah yang diajar di sekolah-sekolah.
07:24
It's 16, 16, 16, 48,
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Jadi 16, 16, 16, 48,
07:26
4,800 --
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4,800 --
07:28
4,800,
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4,800,
07:30
the answer to the sum.
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itu jawapannya.
07:33
Easy when you know how.
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Mudah sahaja sekiranya anda tahu caranya.
07:35
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
07:38
The second question was an Icelandic word.
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Soalan kedua, satu perkataan dalam bahasa Iceland.
07:41
I'm assuming there are not many people here
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Saya beranggapan tidak ramai di sini
07:44
who speak Icelandic.
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yang fasih bertutur bahasa Iceland.
07:46
So let me narrow the choices down to two.
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Jadi, biar saya petik dua perkataan sahaja dari sini.
07:51
Hnugginn:
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Hnugginn:
07:53
is it a happy word,
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apakah ia menggambarkan kegembiraan
07:55
or a sad word?
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atau kesedihan?
07:57
What do you say?
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Apakah pendapat anda?
08:00
Okay.
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Baiklah.
08:02
Some people say it's happy.
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Sesetengah orang berpendapat ia menggambarkan
08:04
Most people, a majority of people,
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kegembiraan. Kebanyakannya, berpendapat
08:06
say sad.
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ia menggambarkan kesedihan.
08:08
And it actually means sad.
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Erti perkataan itu ialah sedih.
08:12
(Laughter)
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(Ketawa)
08:15
Why do, statistically,
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Mengapakah, mengikut statistik, kebanyakan
08:18
a majority of people
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orang beranggapan sesuatu perkataan
08:20
say that a word is sad, in this case,
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itu sedih, dalam kes ini, ataupun
08:22
heavy in other cases?
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berat, dalam kes yang lain?
08:25
In my theory, language evolves in such a way
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Dalam teori saya, bahasa berkembang dengan
08:28
that sounds match,
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cara di mana bunyi serupa
08:30
correspond with, the subjective,
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dengan subjektif,
08:33
with the personal,
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dengan pengalaman
08:35
intuitive experience
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peribadi, gerak hati
08:37
of the listener.
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pendengar.
08:40
Let's have a look at the third question.
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Seterusnya, soalan ketiga.
08:44
It's a line from a poem by John Keats.
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Ia dipetik daripada puisi karya John Keats.
08:47
Words, like numbers,
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Perkataan, seperti nombor,
08:50
express fundamental relationships
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menyatakan hubungan asas
08:53
between objects
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antara objek-objek dan
08:55
and events and forces
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peristiwa-peristiwa dan kuasa-kuasa
08:57
that constitute our world.
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yang membentuk dunia ini.
08:59
It stands to reason that we, existing in this world,
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Sewajarnyalah, kita menjiwai,
09:02
should in the course of our lives
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hubungan-hubungan itu,
09:04
absorb intuitively those relationships.
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dalam kehidupan kita di dunia ini.
09:07
And poets, like other artists,
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Penyair-penyair, seperti seniman-seniman lain,
09:10
play with those intuitive understandings.
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bermain dengan pemahaman intuisi ini.
09:13
In the case of hare,
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Bagi perkataan "hare", dalam bahasa Inggeris,
09:16
it's an ambiguous sound in English.
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suatu bunyi yang tidak jelas.
09:18
It can also mean the fibers that grow from a head.
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Ia boleh juga bermaksud rambut.
09:21
And if we think of that --
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Jika difikirkan --
09:23
let me put the picture up --
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biar saya huraikan -- serat-serat itu
09:25
the fibers represent vulnerability.
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melambangkan kerentanan.
09:29
They yield to the slightest movement
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Mereka memberi kepada sebarang pergerakan
09:32
or motion or emotion.
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atau emosi, walaupun sedikit.
09:35
So what you have is an atmosphere
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Jadi terbentuk satu suasana
09:39
of vulnerability and tension.
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kerentanan dan tertekan.
09:41
The hare itself, the animal --
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Arnab itu sendiri -- bukan
09:43
not a cat, not a dog, a hare --
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kucing atau anjing, tetapi arnab --
09:46
why a hare?
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mengapa arnab?
09:48
Because think of the picture --
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Cuba gambarkan,
09:50
not the word, the picture.
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bukan perkataannya, tetapi imej binatang itu.
09:52
The overlong ears,
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Telinganya yang panjang,
09:54
the overlarge feet,
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kakinya yang besar,
09:56
helps us to picture, to feel intuitively,
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membantu kita membayangkan,
09:59
what it means to limp
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secara intuitif, apa ertinya terkulai
10:02
and to tremble.
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dan ketakutan.
10:05
So in these few minutes,
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Jadi, dalam beberapa minit ini, saya berharap
10:07
I hope I've been able to share
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telah dapat berkongsi dengan anda
10:09
a little bit of my vision of things
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bagaimana saya melihat sesuatu benda
10:12
and to show you
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dan tunjukkan kepada anda bahawa
10:15
that words can have colors and emotions,
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perkataan juga, mempunyai warna dan emosi,
10:18
numbers, shapes and personalities.
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nombor, bentuk dan keperibadian.
10:21
The world is richer,
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Dunia ini lebih kaya
10:23
vaster
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dan lebih luas
10:25
than it too often seems to be.
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dari yang digambarkan.
10:28
I hope that I've given you the desire
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Saya berharap, saya telah mendorong anda
10:31
to learn to see the world with new eyes.
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untuk melihat dunia ini dari sudut yang baru.
10:34
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
10:36
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Tammet - Linguist, educatorDaniel Tammet is the author of "Born on a Blue Day," about his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome. He runs the language-learning site Optimnem, and his new book is "Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind."
Why you should listen
Daniel Tammet is a writer, linguist and educator. He is the creator of Optimnem, a website that has provided language learning instruction to thousands around the globe. His 2006 memoir Born on a Blue Day describes his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome; his new book, Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind, is a personal and scientific exploration of how the brain works and the differences and similarities between savant and non-savant minds.
Tammet set a European record on March 14, 2004, when he recited the mathematical constant pi (3.141...) to 22,514 decimal places from memory in a time of 5 hours, 9 minutes.
Daniel Tammet | Speaker | TED.com