TEDxWomen 2011
Jane Fonda: Life's third act
Jane Fonda: El tercer acte de la vida
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En aquesta generació, la nostra esperança de vida ha crescut més de 30 anys; i aquests anys no són només una nota a peu de pàgina o una patologia. Al TEDxWomen, Jane Fonda es demana com hem d'afrontar aquesta nova fase de la nostra vida.
Jane Fonda - Actor and activist
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist. Full bio
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
There have been many revolutions
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Hi ha hagut moltes revolucions
00:17
over the last century,
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el segle passat
00:19
but perhaps none as significant
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però potser cap tan significativa
00:21
as the longevity revolution.
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com la durada de l'esperança de vida.
00:24
We are living on average today
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Avui dia, vivim una mitjana
00:26
34 years longer than our great-grandparents did.
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de 34 anys més que els nostres besavis.
00:29
Think about that.
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Penseu-hi.
00:31
That's an entire second adult lifetime
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Correspon a una segona vida com adult
00:34
that's been added to our lifespan.
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que s'afegeix a la nostra existència.
00:36
And yet, for the most part,
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I això no obstant, en general,
00:38
our culture has not come to terms with what this means.
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la nostra cultura no ha acceptat el que això significa.
00:41
We're still living with the old paradigm
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Vivim encara amb l'antic paradigma
00:44
of age as an arch.
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de l'edat com un arc.
00:46
That's the metaphor, the old metaphor.
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Aquesta és la metàfora, l'antiga metàfora.
00:48
You're born, you peak at midlife
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Neixem, toquem sostre als 40
00:50
and decline into decrepitude.
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i comencem a deteriorar-nos.
00:52
(Laughter)
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(Riuen)
00:54
Age as pathology.
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L'edat com una patologia.
00:56
But many people today --
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Però avui dia,
00:58
philosophers, artists, doctors, scientists --
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filòsofs, artistes, metges, científics,
01:01
are taking a new look at what I call the third act,
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donen una nova visió del que anomeno el tercer acte,
01:04
the last three decades of life.
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les tres últimes dècades de la vida.
01:07
They realize that this is actually a developmental stage of life
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Han descobert que en realitat és una etapa de desenvolupament de la vida
01:12
with its own significance --
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amb el seu propi significat,
01:14
as different from midlife
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tan diferent dels 40
01:17
as adolescence is from childhood.
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com ho és l'adolescència de la infantesa.
01:20
And they are asking -- we should all be asking --
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I s'estan demanant, com hauríem de fer tots,
01:23
how do we use this time?
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què en fem d'aquest període?
01:26
How do we live it successfully?
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Com li'n podem treure profit?
01:28
What is the appropriate new metaphor
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Quina és la nova metàfora apropiada
01:30
for aging?
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de l'envelliment?
01:32
I've spent the last year researching and writing about this subject.
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L'any passat vaig investigar i escriure sobre això.
01:35
And I have come to find
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I, finalment, vaig trobar
01:37
that a more appropriate metaphor for aging
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que una metàfora de l'envelliment més apropiada
01:41
is a staircase --
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és una escala,
01:43
the upward ascension of the human spirit,
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l'ascensió de l'esperit humà
01:47
bringing us into wisdom, wholeness
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ens porta cap a la saviesa, la integritat
01:49
and authenticity.
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i l'autenticitat.
01:51
Age not at all as pathology;
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L'edat no és en absolut una patologia;
01:53
age as potential.
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l'edat és un potencial.
01:55
And guess what?
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I sabeu què?
01:57
This potential is not for the lucky few.
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Aquest potencial no és per a alguns afortunats.
01:59
It turns out,
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Sembla ser que,
02:01
most people over 50
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la majoria de gent de més de 50 anys
02:03
feel better, are less stressed,
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se senten millor, menys estressats,
02:05
are less hostile, less anxious.
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menys hostils, menys ansiosos
02:07
We tend to see commonalities
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Tendim a veure els punts en comú
02:09
more than differences.
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més que les diferències.
02:11
Some of the studies even say
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Alguns dels estudis fins i tot afirmen
02:13
we're happier.
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que sóm més feliços.
02:15
This is not what I expected, trust me.
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Això no és el que m'esperava, creieu-me.
02:17
I come from a long line of depressives.
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Vinc d'una generació de depressius.
02:20
As I was approaching my late 40s,
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Com que m'acostava als 50,
02:22
when I would wake up in the morning
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quan em llevava al matí
02:24
my first six thoughts would all be negative.
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els meus primers sis pensaments eren tots negatius.
02:26
And I got scared.
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I vaig tenir por.
02:28
I thought, oh my gosh.
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Vaig pensar: "Déu meu!
02:30
I'm going to become a crotchety old lady.
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Em convertiré en una dona gran rondinaire".
02:32
But now that I am actually smack-dab in the middle of my own third act,
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Però ara que em trobo en realitat just en el centre del meu tercer acte,
02:36
I realize I've never been happier.
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M'adono que mai no he estat tan feliç.
02:39
I have such a powerful feeling of well-being.
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Tinc una gran sensació de benestar.
02:44
And I've discovered
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I he descobert
02:46
that when you're inside oldness,
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que quan ets vell,
02:48
as opposed to looking at it from the outside,
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a diferència del que es veu des de fora,
02:50
fear subsides.
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la por desapareix.
02:52
You realize, you're still yourself --
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T'adones que encara ets tu,
02:54
maybe even more so.
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i potser encara més.
02:56
Picasso once said, "It takes a long time to become young."
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Picasso va dir: "Cal molt de temps per a esdevenir jove".
03:00
(Laughter)
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(Riuen)
03:02
I don't want to romanticize aging.
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No vull idealitzar l'envelliment.
03:04
Obviously, there's no guarantee
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Òbviament, no hi ha cap garantia
03:06
that it can be a time of fruition and growth.
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que sigui un període de fruïció i de creixement.
03:08
Some of it is a matter of luck.
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En part és qüestió de sort.
03:10
Some of it, obviously, is genetic.
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En part, evidentment, és una qüestió de genètica.
03:13
One third of it, in fact, is genetic.
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De fet, una tercera part és per la genètica.
03:15
And there isn't much we can do about that.
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No hi podem fer gran cosa.
03:18
But that means that two-thirds
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Però això significa que els dos terços
03:20
of how well we do in the third act,
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del nostre èxit en el tercer acte,
03:22
we can do something about.
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depenen de nosaltres mateixos.
03:25
We're going to discuss what we can do
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Parlarem del que podem fer
03:28
to make these added years really successful
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perquè aquests anys de més siguin tot un èxit
03:31
and use them to make a difference.
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i fer-los servir per a marcar la diferència.
03:34
Now let me say something about the staircase,
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Permeteu-me dir una cosa sobre l'escala,
03:36
which may seem like an odd metaphor for seniors
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que pot semblar una estranya metàfora per a la gent gran,
03:40
given the fact that many seniors are challenged by stairs.
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ja que per a molts d'ells les escales són un problema.
03:43
(Laughter)
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(Riuen)
03:45
Myself included.
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També per a mi.
03:48
As you may know,
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Com deveu saber,
03:50
the entire world operates on a universal law:
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tot el món funciona segons una llei universal:
03:53
entropy, the second law of thermodynamics.
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l'entropia, la segona llei de la termodinàmica.
03:57
Entropy means that everything in the world, everything,
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L'entropia significa que tot en el món, tot,
04:00
is in a state of decline and decay,
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està en estat de deterioració i decadència,
04:02
the arch.
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l'arc.
04:04
There's only one exception to this universal law,
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Només hi ha una excepció en aquesta llei universal,
04:07
and that is the human spirit,
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l'esperit humà,
04:09
which can continue to evolve upwards --
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que pot continuar evolucionant,
04:12
the staircase --
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l'escala,
04:14
bringing us into wholeness,
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portant-nos cap a la integritat,
04:16
authenticity and wisdom.
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l'autenticitat i la saviesa.
04:19
And here's an example of what I mean.
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I ara un exemple del que vull dir.
04:21
This upward ascension
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Aquesta ascensió
04:23
can happen even in the face of extreme physical challenges.
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pot ocórrer fins i tot davant de reptes físics extrems.
04:27
About three years ago,
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Fa uns tres anys,
04:29
I read an article in the New York Times.
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vaig llegir un article en el New York Times.
04:31
It was about a man named Neil Selinger --
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Tractava d'un home que es deia Neil Selinger,
04:33
57 years old, a retired lawyer --
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un advocat jubilat de 57 anys,
04:36
who had joined the writers group at Sarah Lawrence
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que es va adherir al grup d'escriptors de la universitat Sarah Lawrence
04:39
where he found his writer's voice.
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on va trobar la seva vena d'escriptor.
04:42
Two years later,
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Dos anys més tard,
04:44
he was diagnosed with ALS, commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
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li van diagnosticar esclerosi lateral amiotròfica o malaltia de Lou Gehrig.
04:47
It's a terrible disease. It's fatal.
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És una malaltia terrible. És mortal.
04:50
It wastes the body, but the mind remains intact.
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Danya el cos, però la ment roman intacta.
04:54
In this article, Mr. Selinger wrote the following
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A l'article, el Sr. Selinger va escriure el següent
04:57
to describe what was happening to him.
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per a descriure què li estava passant.
05:00
And I quote,
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I cito,
05:03
"As my muscles weakened,
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"Mentre que els muscles s'afeblien,
05:05
my writing became stronger.
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la meva escriptura s'enfortia.
05:08
As I slowly lost my speech,
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Mentre que a poc a poc perdia la paraula,
05:11
I gained my voice.
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guanyava la meva veu.
05:14
As I diminished, I grew.
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Mentre disminuïa, creixia.
05:16
As I lost so much,
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Mentre perdia tantes coses,
05:18
I finally started to find myself."
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vaig començar a trobar-me a mi mateix".
05:22
Neil Selinger, to me,
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Neil Selinger, per a mi,
05:24
is the embodiment of mounting the staircase
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representa la pujada per l'escala
05:27
in his third act.
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en el seu tercer acte.
05:30
Now we're all born with spirit, all of us,
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Ara tots neixem amb l'esperit, tots nosaltres,
05:32
but sometimes it gets tamped down
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però a vegades decau
05:35
beneath the challenges of life,
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pels reptes de la vida,
05:37
violence, abuse, neglect.
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la violència, el maltractament, la negligència.
05:40
Perhaps our parents suffered from depression.
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Potser els nostres pares van patir de depressió.
05:42
Perhaps they weren't able to love us
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Potser no van ser capaços d'estimar-nos
05:44
beyond how we performed in the world.
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més enllà dels nostres actes.
05:48
Perhaps we still suffer
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Potser encara patim
05:50
from a psychic pain, a wound.
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d'un mal físic, una ferida.
05:52
Perhaps we feel that many of our relationships have not had closure.
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Potser sentim que moltes de les nostres relacions no han acabat.
05:56
And so we can feel unfinished.
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I per tant podem sentir-nos incomplets.
06:00
Perhaps the task of the third act
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Potser la tasca del tercer acte
06:03
is to finish up the task of finishing ourselves.
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és acabar de completar-nos.
06:08
For me, it began as I was approaching my third act,
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Per a mi, va començar mentre que m'acostava al tercer acte,
06:12
my 60th birthday.
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el meu 60è aniversari.
06:14
How was I supposed to live it?
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Com se suposava que havia de viure?
06:16
What was I supposed to accomplish in this final act?
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Què se suposava que havia d'aconseguir en aquest últim acte?
06:19
And I realized that, in order to know where I was going,
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I em vaig adonar que, per tal de saber cap a on anava,
06:23
I had to know where I'd been.
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havia de saber on havia estat.
06:25
And so I went back
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Així que vaig tornar enrere
06:27
and I studied my first two acts,
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i vaig estudiar els meus dos primers actes,
06:29
trying to see who I was then,
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intentant esbrinar qui era jo aleshores,
06:32
who I really was --
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qui era jo realment;
06:34
not who my parents or other people told me I was,
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i no el que els meus pares o els altres deien que era,
06:37
or treated me like I was.
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ni tampoc per com em tractaven.
06:39
But who was I? Who were my parents --
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Però qui era jo? Qui van ser els meus pares;
06:41
not as parents, but as people?
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no com a pares, sinó com a persones?
06:44
Who were my grandparents?
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Qui van ser els meus avis?
06:46
How did they treat my parents?
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Com van tractar als meus pares?
06:48
These kinds of things.
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Aquests tipus de coses.
06:51
I discovered a couple of years later
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Vaig descobrir un parell d'anys més tard
06:54
that this process that I had gone through
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que aquest procés que vaig viure
06:57
is called by psychologists
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és conegut pels psicòlegs com
06:59
"doing a life review."
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"fer un balanç de la vida".
07:01
And they say it can give new significance
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I afirmen que aquest procés pot donar un nou significat,
07:03
and clarity and meaning
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claredat i sentit
07:05
to a person's life.
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a la vida d'una persona.
07:07
You may discover, as I did,
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Podreu descobrir, com he fet jo,
07:10
that a lot of things that you used to think were your fault,
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que moltes coses que pensàveu que era culpa vostra,
07:13
a lot of things you used to think about yourself,
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moltes coses que pensàveu de vosaltres,
07:16
really had nothing to do with you.
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en realitat no tenien res a veure amb vosaltres.
07:19
It wasn't your fault; you're just fine.
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No era culpa vostra.
07:22
And you're able to go back
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I teniu l'oportunitat de tornar enrere
07:24
and forgive them
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i de perdonar-los
07:26
and forgive yourself.
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i de perdonar-vos a vosaltres.
07:28
You're able to free yourself
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Teniu l'oportunitat d'alliberar-vos
07:31
from your past.
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del vostre passat.
07:33
You can work to change
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Podeu treballar per a canviar
07:35
your relationship to your past.
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la vostra relació amb el passat.
07:37
Now while I was writing about this,
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Mentre escrivia sobre això,
07:39
I came upon a book called "Man's Search for Meaning"
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vaig llegir un llegir un llibre titulat: "L'home a la recerca del sentit"
07:42
by Viktor Frankl.
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de Viktor Frankl.
07:44
Viktor Frankl was a German psychiatrist
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Viktor Frankl era un psiquiatra alemany
07:47
who'd spent five years in a Nazi concentration camp.
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que va estar cinc anys en un camp de concentració.
07:50
And he wrote that, while he was in the camp,
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I va escriure que, mentre era al camp,
07:53
he could tell, should they ever be released,
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si els haguessin alliberat, hauria pogut diferenciar,
07:57
which of the people would be okay
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les persones que haurien estat bé
07:59
and which would not.
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de les que no.
08:01
And he wrote this:
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I va escriure:
08:06
"Everything you have in life can be taken from you
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"Et poden treure tot allò que tens a la vida
08:09
except one thing,
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menys una cosa,
08:11
your freedom to choose
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la llibertat d'escollir
08:13
how you will respond
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com actuaràs
08:15
to the situation.
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davant de la situació.
08:17
This is what determines
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Això és el que determina
08:19
the quality of the life we've lived --
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la qualitat de la vida que hem viscut;
08:21
not whether we've been rich or poor,
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no si hem estat rics o pobres,
08:23
famous or unknown,
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famosos o desconeguts,
08:25
healthy or suffering.
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sans o malalts.
08:27
What determines our quality of life
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El que determina la nostra qualitat de vida
08:30
is how we relate to these realities,
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és la nostra relació amb aquestes realitats,
08:33
what kind of meaning we assign them,
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quin sentit els donem,
08:35
what kind of attitude we cling to about them,
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quina actitud adoptem davant d'elles,
08:38
what state of mind we allow them to trigger."
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quin estat d'ànims els permetem activar".
08:42
Perhaps the central purpose of the third act
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Potser la intenció principal del tercer acte
08:45
is to go back and to try, if appropriate,
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és anar enrere i intentar, si cal,
08:49
to change our relationship
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canviar la nostra relació
08:51
to the past.
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amb el passat.
08:53
It turns out that cognitive research shows
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Sembla ser que aquesta recerca cognitiva mostra,
08:56
when we are able to do this,
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quan som capaços de fer-ho,
08:58
it manifests neurologically --
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es manifesta neurològicament,
09:01
neural pathways are created in the brain.
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per vies nervioses creades en el cervell.
09:04
You see, if you have, over time,
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Amb el temps, veureu que si heu reaccionat
09:06
reacted negatively to past events and people,
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negativament als fets i a les persones del passat,
09:09
neural pathways are laid down
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s'estableixen unes vies nervioses
09:12
by chemical and electrical signals that are sent through the brain.
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mitjançant senyals químiques i elèctriques que s'envien del cervell.
09:15
And over time, these neural pathways become hardwired,
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Amb el temps, aquestes vies nervioses es fixen,
09:18
they become the norm --
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i esdevenen la norma,
09:20
even if it's bad for us
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encara que sigui dolent per a nosaltres
09:22
because it causes us stress and anxiety.
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perquè ens causa estrès i ansietat.
09:25
If however,
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No obstant això,
09:27
we can go back and alter our relationship,
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si tornem enrere i canviem la nostra relació,
09:31
re-vision our relationship
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reconsiderem la nostra relació,
09:33
to past people and events,
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amb els fets i amb les persones del passat,
09:35
neural pathways can change.
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les vies nervioses poden canviar.
09:37
And if we can maintain
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I si podem mantenir
09:39
the more positive feelings about the past,
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els sentiments del passat més positius,
09:42
that becomes the new norm.
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això esdevé la nova norma.
09:44
It's like resetting a thermostat.
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És com reiniciar un termòstat.
09:47
It's not having experiences
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El que ens fa savis
09:50
that make us wise,
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no és tenir experiències,
09:53
it's reflecting on the experiences that we've had
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és reflexionar les experiències que hem tingut
09:57
that makes us wise --
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el que ens fa savis;
09:59
and that helps us become whole,
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i el que ens ajuda a estar complets,
10:01
brings wisdom and authenticity.
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ens dóna saviesa i autenticitat.
10:03
It helps us become what we might have been.
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Això ens ajuda a convertir-nos en el que hauríem pogut estar.
10:07
Women start off whole, don't we?
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Nosaltres, les dones, ja ens sentim completes, o no?
10:09
I mean, as girls, we start off feisty -- "Yeah, who says?"
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Vull dir, de nenes, ja som lluitadores; "Sí, qui ho diu?"
10:12
We have agency.
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Tenim la capacitat d'actuar.
10:14
We are the subjects of our own lives.
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Som els subjectes de les nostres vides.
10:16
But very often,
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Però molt sovint,
10:18
many, if not most of us, when we hit puberty,
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moltes, si no la majoria, quan som a la pubertat,
10:21
we start worrying about fitting in and being popular.
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ens comencem a preocupar per a integrar-nos i ser populars.
10:24
And we become the subjects and objects of other people's lives.
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I ens esdevenim els subjectes i els objectes de la vida dels altres.
10:28
But now, in our third acts,
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Però ara, en el nostre tercer acte de vida,
10:31
it may be possible
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podria ser possible
10:33
for us to circle back to where we started
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tornar al lloc on vam començar
10:36
and know it for the first time.
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i ser-ne conscients per primera vegada.
10:38
And if we can do that,
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I si podem fer això,
10:41
it will not just be for ourselves.
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no només serà per a nosaltres mateixos.
10:44
Older women
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Les dones grans
10:46
are the largest demographic in the world.
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representen el grup demogràfic més ampli del món.
10:48
If we can go back and redefine ourselves
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Si podem tornar enrere i redefinir-nos
10:51
and become whole,
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i completar-nos,
10:53
this will create a cultural shift in the world,
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això crearà un moviment cultural al món,
10:58
and it will give an example to younger generations
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i donarà un exemple a les generacions més joves
11:01
so that they can reconceive their own lifespan.
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perquè puguin replantejar-se el seu període de vida.
11:04
Thank you very much.
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Moltes gràcies.
11:06
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Fonda - Actor and activistJane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist.
Why you should listen
Jane Fonda is an actor, author, producer and activist supporting environmental issues, peace and female empowerment. She founded the Georgia Campaign for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, and established the Jane Fonda Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health at Emory. She cofounded the Women’s Media Center, and sits on the board of V-Day, a global effort to stop violence against women and girls.
Fonda's remarkable screen and stage career includes two Best Actress Oscars, an Emmy, a Tony Award nomination and an Honorary Palme d’Or from the Cannes Film Festival. Offstage, she revolutionized the fitness industry in the 1980s with Jane Fonda’s Workout — the all-time top-grossing home video. She has written a best-selling memoir, My Life So Far, and Prime Time, a comprehensive guide to living life to the fullest.
Jane Fonda | Speaker | TED.com