TEDxWomen 2011
Jane Fonda: Life's third act
珍·芳達: 生命的第三幕
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
2,712,903 views
在這個世代中，我們的平均壽命多增加了30年 -- 這些額外的30年不只是生命中的一段註腳或病理學上的現象。珍·芳達於TEDxWomen談論到，可以如何思索這生命中的新階段。
Jane Fonda - Actor and activist
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist. Full bio
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
There have been many revolutions
0
0
2000
上一世紀中發生了
00:17
over the last century,
1
2000
2000
許多革命性的事情，
00:19
but perhaps none as significant
2
4000
2000
但或許沒有"長壽革命"
00:21
as the longevity revolution.
3
6000
3000
要來的意義非凡。
00:24
We are living on average today
4
9000
2000
我們現今的平均壽命
00:26
34 years longer than our great-grandparents did.
5
11000
3000
比我們的曾祖父母多34年。
00:29
Think about that.
6
14000
2000
想想看。
00:31
That's an entire second adult lifetime
7
16000
3000
這是我們壽命中增加的
00:34
that's been added to our lifespan.
8
19000
2000
第二段成人期。
00:36
And yet, for the most part,
9
21000
2000
然而,重點來了，
00:38
our culture has not come to terms with what this means.
10
23000
3000
我們的文化卻尚未意識到它所代表的涵意。
00:41
We're still living with the old paradigm
11
26000
3000
我們仍然照著舊式生命拱形曲線
00:44
of age as an arch.
12
29000
2000
而生活著。
00:46
That's the metaphor, the old metaphor.
13
31000
2000
這是比喻，舊的比喻。
00:48
You're born, you peak at midlife
14
33000
2000
我們出生，在中年進入高峰
00:50
and decline into decrepitude.
15
35000
2000
然後曲線下降到衰老期。
00:52
(Laughter)
16
37000
2000
♪笑聲♪
00:54
Age as pathology.
17
39000
2000
老化是跟著病理學曲線而行的。
00:56
But many people today --
18
41000
2000
但現今有許多人﹣
00:58
philosophers, artists, doctors, scientists --
19
43000
3000
哲學家、藝術家、醫生、科學家﹣
01:01
are taking a new look at what I call the third act,
20
46000
3000
對我所謂的”生命的第三幕“，也就是
01:04
the last three decades of life.
21
49000
3000
生命中最後的30年有了新的看法。
01:07
They realize that this is actually a developmental stage of life
22
52000
5000
他們認為它事實上是別具意義的
01:12
with its own significance --
23
57000
2000
一段人生發展階段 --
01:14
as different from midlife
24
59000
3000
從中年時期到後30年的發展，
01:17
as adolescence is from childhood.
25
62000
3000
就有如從兒童時期到青少年時期般的不同。
01:20
And they are asking -- we should all be asking --
26
65000
3000
他們因而提出了疑問﹣我們應該也要想想﹣
01:23
how do we use this time?
27
68000
3000
要如何運用這時光？
01:26
How do we live it successfully?
28
71000
2000
該如何活的有意義呢？
01:28
What is the appropriate new metaphor
29
73000
2000
”老化“一詞應重新定義
01:30
for aging?
30
75000
2000
為何呢？
01:32
I've spent the last year researching and writing about this subject.
31
77000
3000
去年我一直在研究及撰寫這個議題。
01:35
And I have come to find
32
80000
2000
我找到較適合代替
01:37
that a more appropriate metaphor for aging
33
82000
4000
”老化“的新比喻﹣
01:41
is a staircase --
34
86000
2000
就是爬樓梯﹣
01:43
the upward ascension of the human spirit,
35
88000
4000
那象徵人類精神的提昇，
01:47
bringing us into wisdom, wholeness
36
92000
2000
也就是帶領我們朝向智慧、完整
01:49
and authenticity.
37
94000
2000
及真實的精神提昇。
01:51
Age not at all as pathology;
38
96000
2000
老化不是病理學的名詞，
01:53
age as potential.
39
98000
2000
老化是具潛質的。
01:55
And guess what?
40
100000
2000
你們知道嗎？
01:57
This potential is not for the lucky few.
41
102000
2000
這樣的潛質不是少數人才有。
01:59
It turns out,
42
104000
2000
我發現，
02:01
most people over 50
43
106000
2000
大部分年過50的人
02:03
feel better, are less stressed,
44
108000
2000
自我感覺較良好、較少有壓力感
02:05
are less hostile, less anxious.
45
110000
2000
、較友善、比較沒有焦慮感。
02:07
We tend to see commonalities
46
112000
2000
面對事情的態度
02:09
more than differences.
47
114000
2000
大多見怪不怪。
02:11
Some of the studies even say
48
116000
2000
有些研究甚至指出
02:13
we're happier.
49
118000
2000
我們是比較快樂的。
02:15
This is not what I expected, trust me.
50
120000
2000
相信我，這樣的結論跟我原先預期的不同。
02:17
I come from a long line of depressives.
51
122000
3000
我曾經焦慮了好長一段時間。
02:20
As I was approaching my late 40s,
52
125000
2000
在我快50歲的時候
02:22
when I would wake up in the morning
53
127000
2000
早上醒來腦中浮現的
02:24
my first six thoughts would all be negative.
54
129000
2000
前六個想法都是負面的。
02:26
And I got scared.
55
131000
2000
我因而感到恐懼。
02:28
I thought, oh my gosh.
56
133000
2000
我想著＂天啊，
02:30
I'm going to become a crotchety old lady.
57
135000
2000
我快變成思想怪異的老女人了。
02:32
But now that I am actually smack-dab in the middle of my own third act,
58
137000
4000
現在我正處於生命的第三章，
02:36
I realize I've never been happier.
59
141000
3000
我卻快樂的不得了。
02:39
I have such a powerful feeling of well-being.
60
144000
4000
我感到非常的安穩。
02:44
And I've discovered
61
149000
2000
而我發現，
02:46
that when you're inside oldness,
62
151000
2000
當我們的內在，相對於從外表來看
02:48
as opposed to looking at it from the outside,
63
153000
2000
也相對”陳年"了，
02:50
fear subsides.
64
155000
2000
恐懼感也會跟著消失。
02:52
You realize, you're still yourself --
65
157000
2000
最後會發現，你還是你﹣
02:54
maybe even more so.
66
159000
2000
也可能因而更了解自己。
02:56
Picasso once said, "It takes a long time to become young."
67
161000
4000
畢卡索曾說＂經歷歲月後才能變年輕＂。
03:00
(Laughter)
68
165000
2000
♪笑聲♪
03:02
I don't want to romanticize aging.
69
167000
2000
我不是要將衰老浪漫化。
03:04
Obviously, there's no guarantee
70
169000
2000
當然，
03:06
that it can be a time of fruition and growth.
71
171000
2000
要開花結果可不是必然的。
03:08
Some of it is a matter of luck.
72
173000
2000
有些是因為幸運。
03:10
Some of it, obviously, is genetic.
73
175000
3000
有些很明顯的是因為遺傳。
03:13
One third of it, in fact, is genetic.
74
178000
2000
事實上三分之一的原因是遺傳。
03:15
And there isn't much we can do about that.
75
180000
3000
我們可以控制的因素不多。
03:18
But that means that two-thirds
76
183000
2000
但生命尾章三分之二
03:20
of how well we do in the third act,
77
185000
2000
的部分確是我們
03:22
we can do something about.
78
187000
3000
可以好好掌控的。
03:25
We're going to discuss what we can do
79
190000
3000
接下來我們將會討論
03:28
to make these added years really successful
80
193000
3000
要如何善用這些來年
03:31
and use them to make a difference.
81
196000
3000
來造就不凡。
03:34
Now let me say something about the staircase,
82
199000
2000
讓我來說說“爬樓梯”這件事，
03:36
which may seem like an odd metaphor for seniors
83
201000
4000
這個比喻對於上樓梯有困難的長者
03:40
given the fact that many seniors are challenged by stairs.
84
205000
3000
或許是個奇怪的比喻。
03:43
(Laughter)
85
208000
2000
♪笑♪
03:45
Myself included.
86
210000
3000
我自己也是。
03:48
As you may know,
87
213000
2000
大家都知道
03:50
the entire world operates on a universal law:
88
215000
3000
世界都是以不變的定律來運作：
03:53
entropy, the second law of thermodynamics.
89
218000
4000
熵，熱力學第二定律。
03:57
Entropy means that everything in the world, everything,
90
222000
3000
熵的意思是，世界上所有物質
04:00
is in a state of decline and decay,
91
225000
2000
都以下降、衰退的狀態呈現，
04:02
the arch.
92
227000
2000
那就是生命曲線。
04:04
There's only one exception to this universal law,
93
229000
3000
只有一件事是是例外﹣
04:07
and that is the human spirit,
94
232000
2000
人類的精神，
04:09
which can continue to evolve upwards --
95
234000
3000
可以持續的向上昇華﹣﹣
04:12
the staircase --
96
237000
2000
就如同階梯﹣﹣
04:14
bringing us into wholeness,
97
239000
2000
帶領我們趨向完整、
04:16
authenticity and wisdom.
98
241000
3000
真實及智慧的階梯。
04:19
And here's an example of what I mean.
99
244000
2000
舉個例子來說明我的比喻。
04:21
This upward ascension
100
246000
2000
在面臨極度肢體障礙時，
04:23
can happen even in the face of extreme physical challenges.
101
248000
4000
精神仍就可以向上昇華。
04:27
About three years ago,
102
252000
2000
三年前
04:29
I read an article in the New York Times.
103
254000
2000
我從紐約時代上讀到一篇文章。
04:31
It was about a man named Neil Selinger --
104
256000
2000
那是關於一位名為尼爾 施林格--
04:33
57 years old, a retired lawyer --
105
258000
3000
57歲的退休律師的故事--
04:36
who had joined the writers group at Sarah Lawrence
106
261000
3000
他在加入莎拉勞倫斯學院的寫作班中
04:39
where he found his writer's voice.
107
264000
3000
發現自己的寫作天分。
04:42
Two years later,
108
267000
2000
二年後
04:44
he was diagnosed with ALS, commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
109
269000
3000
他被診斷出肌萎縮性側索硬化症（盧伽雷氏病）。
04:47
It's a terrible disease. It's fatal.
110
272000
3000
那是個很恐怖且致命性的疾病。
04:50
It wastes the body, but the mind remains intact.
111
275000
4000
疾病衰弱他的身體，但沒有侵犯到他的心智。
04:54
In this article, Mr. Selinger wrote the following
112
279000
3000
在那篇文章中，施林格先生將
04:57
to describe what was happening to him.
113
282000
3000
他患病的歴程做了描述。
05:00
And I quote,
114
285000
3000
我在此引述他的一段話：
05:03
"As my muscles weakened,
115
288000
2000
「肌肉雖然漸行衰弱，
05:05
my writing became stronger.
116
290000
3000
但我文風漸行強健。
05:08
As I slowly lost my speech,
117
293000
3000
說話能力雖然漸漸尚矢，
05:11
I gained my voice.
118
296000
3000
但我表達因而變得敏銳。
05:14
As I diminished, I grew.
119
299000
2000
雖然身形憔悴，但我心靈得以依舊成長。
05:16
As I lost so much,
120
301000
2000
因為喪失太多，
05:18
I finally started to find myself."
121
303000
4000
我終究開啟自我心靈的探索。」
05:22
Neil Selinger, to me,
122
307000
2000
對我來說，尼爾 施林格
05:24
is the embodiment of mounting the staircase
123
309000
3000
是在其生命的第三幕登上階梯的
05:27
in his third act.
124
312000
3000
具體代表。
05:30
Now we're all born with spirit, all of us,
125
315000
2000
靈性是與生俱來的,
05:32
but sometimes it gets tamped down
126
317000
3000
但有時我們的心靈
05:35
beneath the challenges of life,
127
320000
2000
會因生活上遭遇的困境
05:37
violence, abuse, neglect.
128
322000
3000
、暴力、傷害、疏忽而受打壓。
05:40
Perhaps our parents suffered from depression.
129
325000
2000
也許是我們抑鬱寡歡的父母親影響了我們。
05:42
Perhaps they weren't able to love us
130
327000
2000
也許是他們論功行賞的主義作祟
05:44
beyond how we performed in the world.
131
329000
4000
而不能愛我們。
05:48
Perhaps we still suffer
132
333000
2000
也許我們仍遭受於
05:50
from a psychic pain, a wound.
133
335000
2000
心靈痛苦、創傷。
05:52
Perhaps we feel that many of our relationships have not had closure.
134
337000
4000
或許我們覺得多數我們與他人的關係並未結束。
05:56
And so we can feel unfinished.
135
341000
4000
我們因而感到還有希望。
06:00
Perhaps the task of the third act
136
345000
3000
或許生命的第三幕的任務是
06:03
is to finish up the task of finishing ourselves.
137
348000
5000
去完成我們未完成的任務。
06:08
For me, it began as I was approaching my third act,
138
353000
4000
對我而言，我是在邁入生命的第三幕、
06:12
my 60th birthday.
139
357000
2000
60歲生日時才開始想這個問題。
06:14
How was I supposed to live it?
140
359000
2000
我要怎麼渡過這第三幕呢？
06:16
What was I supposed to accomplish in this final act?
141
361000
3000
我應該完成什麼任務呢？
06:19
And I realized that, in order to know where I was going,
142
364000
4000
我領悟到，為了知道要走的方向，
06:23
I had to know where I'd been.
143
368000
2000
我必需了解曾經走過的歲月。
06:25
And so I went back
144
370000
2000
所以我回想
06:27
and I studied my first two acts,
145
372000
2000
60歲之前的我
06:29
trying to see who I was then,
146
374000
3000
是個什麼樣的人呢?
06:32
who I really was --
147
377000
2000
我以前到底是什麼樣的人--
06:34
not who my parents or other people told me I was,
148
379000
3000
不是在父母或他人眼中的我、
06:37
or treated me like I was.
149
382000
2000
或是被討好那一面的我。
06:39
But who was I? Who were my parents --
150
384000
2000
而是我自己到底是誰？我的父母親是誰-
06:41
not as parents, but as people?
151
386000
3000
除了父母的身分之外，他們還是什麼樣的人？
06:44
Who were my grandparents?
152
389000
2000
我的祖父母又是什麼樣的人呢？
06:46
How did they treat my parents?
153
391000
2000
他們是如何養育我父母的呢？
06:48
These kinds of things.
154
393000
3000
我想的是這些事情。
06:51
I discovered a couple of years later
155
396000
3000
幾年後我才知道，
06:54
that this process that I had gone through
156
399000
3000
原來我用的方法是
06:57
is called by psychologists
157
402000
2000
心理學家稱之為
06:59
"doing a life review."
158
404000
2000
＂回顧人生＂法。
07:01
And they say it can give new significance
159
406000
2000
他們說用這個方法
07:03
and clarity and meaning
160
408000
2000
可以使人對人生
07:05
to a person's life.
161
410000
2000
產生新定義、清晰其思慮。
07:07
You may discover, as I did,
162
412000
3000
你們會跟我一樣發現，
07:10
that a lot of things that you used to think were your fault,
163
415000
3000
你以前認為是自己的錯、
07:13
a lot of things you used to think about yourself,
164
418000
3000
是自己造成的結果的很多事情，
07:16
really had nothing to do with you.
165
421000
3000
其實都不是自己的問題。
07:19
It wasn't your fault; you're just fine.
166
424000
3000
那不是你的錯，跟你沒關係。
07:22
And you're able to go back
167
427000
2000
因此，回頭來你能夠去
07:24
and forgive them
168
429000
2000
原諒別人
07:26
and forgive yourself.
169
431000
2000
及自己。
07:28
You're able to free yourself
170
433000
3000
你能夠走出
07:31
from your past.
171
436000
2000
過去的陰霾。
07:33
You can work to change
172
438000
2000
得以改變過去
07:35
your relationship to your past.
173
440000
2000
對自己造成的影響。
07:37
Now while I was writing about this,
174
442000
2000
當我在為這個議題下筆時，
07:39
I came upon a book called "Man's Search for Meaning"
175
444000
3000
我想到了一本由弗蘭克博士寫的
07:42
by Viktor Frankl.
176
447000
2000
＂活出意義來＂這本書。
07:44
Viktor Frankl was a German psychiatrist
177
449000
3000
弗蘭克博士是一位德國的心理學家，
07:47
who'd spent five years in a Nazi concentration camp.
178
452000
3000
他曾在納粹集中營渡過5年的時間。
07:50
And he wrote that, while he was in the camp,
179
455000
3000
他在集中營時寫道，
07:53
he could tell, should they ever be released,
180
458000
4000
假使有天這些人被放了出去，他可以分辨得出來，
07:57
which of the people would be okay
181
462000
2000
誰心理可以調適正常，
07:59
and which would not.
182
464000
2000
而誰熬不過去。
08:01
And he wrote this:
183
466000
5000
他寫道：
08:06
"Everything you have in life can be taken from you
184
471000
3000
「我們生命中所擁有的都可以被奪去，
08:09
except one thing,
185
474000
2000
唯有一件事是搶不走的，
08:11
your freedom to choose
186
476000
2000
那就是你可以自由決定
08:13
how you will respond
187
478000
2000
以什麼樣的心態去
08:15
to the situation.
188
480000
2000
面對遭遇。
08:17
This is what determines
189
482000
2000
心態是生活品質
08:19
the quality of the life we've lived --
190
484000
2000
好壞的關鍵--
08:21
not whether we've been rich or poor,
191
486000
2000
不論是富有或貧窮、
08:23
famous or unknown,
192
488000
2000
名人或平凡人、
08:25
healthy or suffering.
193
490000
2000
健康或因病而痛苦的。
08:27
What determines our quality of life
194
492000
3000
決定我們生活品質的
08:30
is how we relate to these realities,
195
495000
3000
是我們如何看待事情、
08:33
what kind of meaning we assign them,
196
498000
2000
我們賦予該事件什麼樣的意義、
08:35
what kind of attitude we cling to about them,
197
500000
3000
我們對該事件抱持什麼樣的態度、
08:38
what state of mind we allow them to trigger."
198
503000
4000
我們讓該事件誘發什麼樣的情緒。」
08:42
Perhaps the central purpose of the third act
199
507000
3000
也許生命尾章的中心目的
08:45
is to go back and to try, if appropriate,
200
510000
4000
是回到過去，如果適當的話，
08:49
to change our relationship
201
514000
2000
並嘗試改變自己與過往
08:51
to the past.
202
516000
2000
的關係。
08:53
It turns out that cognitive research shows
203
518000
3000
認知研究發現
08:56
when we are able to do this,
204
521000
2000
當我們這麼做的時候，
08:58
it manifests neurologically --
205
523000
3000
大腦中的神經活動會特別顯著 -
09:01
neural pathways are created in the brain.
206
526000
3000
也就是說神經傳導路徑會在大腦生成。
09:04
You see, if you have, over time,
207
529000
2000
所以如果你一直對過往的
09:06
reacted negatively to past events and people,
208
531000
3000
人事物是抱持著負面的態度，
09:09
neural pathways are laid down
209
534000
3000
由大腦傳遞出的化學及電子訊息鋪設而成的
09:12
by chemical and electrical signals that are sent through the brain.
210
537000
3000
神經傳導路徑
09:15
And over time, these neural pathways become hardwired,
211
540000
3000
長久下來就會變成固定的模式。
09:18
they become the norm --
212
543000
2000
形成標準路徑--
09:20
even if it's bad for us
213
545000
2000
儘管它造成緊張跟焦慮
09:22
because it causes us stress and anxiety.
214
547000
3000
對我們有害
09:25
If however,
215
550000
2000
然而如果
09:27
we can go back and alter our relationship,
216
552000
4000
我們回顧並改變
09:31
re-vision our relationship
217
556000
2000
我們對過往
09:33
to past people and events,
218
558000
2000
人事物的觀感，
09:35
neural pathways can change.
219
560000
2000
神經傳導的路徑就會改變。
09:37
And if we can maintain
220
562000
2000
如果我們能持續的
09:39
the more positive feelings about the past,
221
564000
3000
對過去抱持越正面的觀感，
09:42
that becomes the new norm.
222
567000
2000
那麼神經傳導的路徑就會形成新的的模式。
09:44
It's like resetting a thermostat.
223
569000
3000
就好像重設恆溫器一樣。
09:47
It's not having experiences
224
572000
3000
經驗並不會
09:50
that make us wise,
225
575000
3000
使我們變聰明，
09:53
it's reflecting on the experiences that we've had
226
578000
4000
如何看待經驗
09:57
that makes us wise --
227
582000
2000
才是智慧--
09:59
and that helps us become whole,
228
584000
2000
它讓我們變得健全完整、
10:01
brings wisdom and authenticity.
229
586000
2000
有智慧並回歸自我。
10:03
It helps us become what we might have been.
230
588000
4000
藉此讓我們回歸到初衷。
10:07
Women start off whole, don't we?
231
592000
2000
我們女性的本性善良,不是嗎?
10:09
I mean, as girls, we start off feisty -- "Yeah, who says?"
232
594000
3000
我的意思是, 在我們還是小女孩時,我們都很活潑--＂哼，誰說的?＂
10:12
We have agency.
233
597000
2000
我們果敢。
10:14
We are the subjects of our own lives.
234
599000
2000
我們是自己生命中的主角。
10:16
But very often,
235
601000
2000
然而往往
10:18
many, if not most of us, when we hit puberty,
236
603000
3000
很多人在青春期時，
10:21
we start worrying about fitting in and being popular.
237
606000
3000
就開始擔心融入群體及是否受歡迎的問題。
10:24
And we become the subjects and objects of other people's lives.
238
609000
4000
於是我們變成了為別人而活。
10:28
But now, in our third acts,
239
613000
3000
但現在，在我們的生命的第三幕裡，
10:31
it may be possible
240
616000
2000
我們也許可以
10:33
for us to circle back to where we started
241
618000
3000
繞回到起點
10:36
and know it for the first time.
242
621000
2000
重新認識。
10:38
And if we can do that,
243
623000
3000
如果我們做得到，
10:41
it will not just be for ourselves.
244
626000
3000
受益的不只是我們。
10:44
Older women
245
629000
2000
高齡婦女的
10:46
are the largest demographic in the world.
246
631000
2000
人口數是世界上最多的。
10:48
If we can go back and redefine ourselves
247
633000
3000
倘若我們能回顧並重新定義自己
10:51
and become whole,
248
636000
2000
成為健全的人士，
10:53
this will create a cultural shift in the world,
249
638000
5000
那麼就能夠創造出文化變遷，
10:58
and it will give an example to younger generations
250
643000
3000
那將會為年輕一代樹立新典範，
11:01
so that they can reconceive their own lifespan.
251
646000
3000
新一代得以重新定義其生命的長度。
11:04
Thank you very much.
252
649000
2000
感謝各位的聆聽。
11:06
(Applause)
253
651000
7000
♪掌聲♪
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Fonda - Actor and activistJane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist.
Why you should listen
Jane Fonda is an actor, author, producer and activist supporting environmental issues, peace and female empowerment. She founded the Georgia Campaign for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, and established the Jane Fonda Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health at Emory. She cofounded the Women’s Media Center, and sits on the board of V-Day, a global effort to stop violence against women and girls.
Fonda's remarkable screen and stage career includes two Best Actress Oscars, an Emmy, a Tony Award nomination and an Honorary Palme d’Or from the Cannes Film Festival. Offstage, she revolutionized the fitness industry in the 1980s with Jane Fonda’s Workout — the all-time top-grossing home video. She has written a best-selling memoir, My Life So Far, and Prime Time, a comprehensive guide to living life to the fullest.
Jane Fonda | Speaker | TED.com