TEDGlobal 2014
Alison Killing: There’s a better way to die, and architecture can help
अलीसन किलिंग: मरणाचा चांगला मार्ग त्यासाठी वास्तू विशारदाची मदत
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
1,316,847 views
अलीसन किलिंग थोडक्यात, प्रेरणादायकरित्या सांगतात ते पहातात अशा इमारती ज्यात मृत्यू होतात... दवाखाने ,स्मशानभूमी ,घर आपल्या मृत्यूचे मार्ग बदलत आहेत... आणि मृत्युच्या वास्तूही बदलत आहेत आपल्या शहरातील सुप्त जागा व आपले आयुष्य या बाबत रंजकतेने सांगतात.
Alison Killing - Architect
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment. Full bio
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'd like to tell you a story
about death and architecture.
about death and architecture.
0
810
4031
मला कथा सांगायची आहे. ती आहे
मृत्यू व वास्तुविशारदाची.
मृत्यू व वास्तुविशारदाची.
00:16
A hundred years ago, we tended to die
of infectious diseases like pneumonia,
of infectious diseases like pneumonia,
1
4841
4630
शंभर वर्षापु्रवी आपला मृत्यू होत असे
न्यूमोनिनीया सारख्या संसर्गजन्य रोगाने.
न्यूमोनिनीया सारख्या संसर्गजन्य रोगाने.
00:21
that, if they took hold,
would take us away quite quickly.
would take us away quite quickly.
2
9471
3297
या रोगाने ग्रासल्यावर, शांतपणे
मृत्युस सामोरे जावे लागे.
मृत्युस सामोरे जावे लागे.
00:24
We tended to die at home,
in our own beds, looked after by family,
in our own beds, looked after by family,
3
12768
3734
आपल्या घरात आपला मृत्यू होई
अंथरुणात, कुटुंबाने काळजी घेऊनही
अंथरुणात, कुटुंबाने काळजी घेऊनही
00:28
although that was the default option
4
16502
1792
त्यावेळी हाच एकमेव पर्याय होता
00:30
because a lot of people
lacked access to medical care.
lacked access to medical care.
5
18294
2590
खूपजणांना वैद्यकीय सेवा
मिळत नसे.
मिळत नसे.
00:33
And then in the 20th century
a lot of things changed.
a lot of things changed.
6
21614
2779
पण विसाव्या शतकात याबाबत
खूपच बदल झाला.
खूपच बदल झाला.
00:36
We developed new medicines like penicillin
7
24393
2097
पेनिसिलीनचा शोध लागला.
00:38
so we could treat
those infectious diseases.
those infectious diseases.
8
26490
2485
त्यामुळे संसर्ग रोगावर इलाज उपलब्ध झाला
00:40
New medical technologies
like x-ray machines were invented.
like x-ray machines were invented.
9
28975
3274
वैदकीय क्षेत्रात
क्ष किरणांचा शोध लागला.
क्ष किरणांचा शोध लागला.
00:44
And because they were
so big and expensive,
so big and expensive,
10
32249
2252
पण ते खूप मोठे व महाग होते
00:46
we needed large, centralized
buildings to keep them in,
buildings to keep them in,
11
34501
3018
त्यासाठी मध्यवर्ती ठिकाणी मोठ्या
इमारती लागायच्या
इमारती लागायच्या
00:49
and they became our modern hospitals.
12
37519
2299
ते त्यावेळचे आधुनिक दवाखाने होते
00:51
After the Second World War,
13
39818
1423
दुसऱ्या महायुद्धानंतर
00:53
a lot of countries set up
universal healthcare systems
universal healthcare systems
14
41241
2640
अनेक देशांनी जागतिर
आरोग्यकेंद्रे उभारली
आरोग्यकेंद्रे उभारली
00:55
so that everyone who needed
treatment could get it.
treatment could get it.
15
43881
2647
जेणेकरून गरजुपैकी
प्रत्येकास उपचार मिळावा .
प्रत्येकास उपचार मिळावा .
00:58
The result was that lifespans extended
from about 45 at the start of the century
from about 45 at the start of the century
16
46528
4249
परिणामतः शतकाच्या आरंभी आयुर्मर्यादा
45 हून अधिक झाली
45 हून अधिक झाली
01:02
to almost double that today.
17
50777
2183
आज ती दुप्पट म्हणजे 90 झाली
01:04
The 20th century was this time of huge
optimism about what science could offer,
optimism about what science could offer,
18
52960
4098
विसाव्या शतकाने मोठी आशा निर्माण केली
विज्ञानाच्या कार्याबाबत
विज्ञानाच्या कार्याबाबत
01:09
but with all of the focus on life,
death was forgotten,
death was forgotten,
19
57058
3727
जीवनावर दिल्या गेलेल्या लक्षाने
मृत्यूचा विसर पडला.
मृत्यूचा विसर पडला.
01:12
even as our approach to death
changed dramatically.
changed dramatically.
20
60785
2405
मरणाकडे पहाण्याचा आपला दृष्टीकोन
नाटकीयरित्या बदलला
नाटकीयरित्या बदलला
01:15
Now, I'm an architect,
21
63580
1203
मी वास्तुविशारद आहे.
01:16
and for the past year and a half
I've been looking at these changes
I've been looking at these changes
22
64783
3242
दीड वर्षापासून होणारे बदल मी पहातोय .
01:20
and at what they mean for architecture
related to death and dying.
related to death and dying.
23
68025
3154
वास्तुविशारदासाठी काय अर्थ आहे
मृत्यू व जीवनाचा .
मृत्यू व जीवनाचा .
01:23
We now tend to die
of cancer and heart disease,
of cancer and heart disease,
24
71179
3233
आज आपण बळी पडतो
कर्करोग व हार्ट अँटक यांना.
कर्करोग व हार्ट अँटक यांना.
01:26
and what that means is that many of us
will have a long period of chronic illness
will have a long period of chronic illness
25
74412
3996
त्याचा अर्थ आपणापैकी अनेकांना
दीर्घकाळ जुनाट आजाराने ग्रासले जाते.
दीर्घकाळ जुनाट आजाराने ग्रासले जाते.
01:30
at the end of our lives.
26
78408
1974
आयुष्याच्या शेवटी .
01:32
During that period,
27
80382
1113
त्याकाळात,
01:33
we'll likely spend a lot of time
in hospitals and hospices and care homes.
in hospitals and hospices and care homes.
28
81495
5063
आपण वेळ घालवितो
दवाखान्यात, आरोग्यकेंद्रात
दवाखान्यात, आरोग्यकेंद्रात
01:38
Now, we've all been in a modern hospital.
29
86558
2206
आपण आधुनिक दवाखान्यात जातो .
01:40
You know those fluorescent lights
and the endless corridors
and the endless corridors
30
88764
3390
न संपणारे व्हरांडे झगमगणारे दिवे
01:44
and those rows of uncomfortable chairs.
31
92154
3018
असुविधाजनक खुर्च्यांच्या रांगा
01:47
Hospital architecture
has earned its bad reputation.
has earned its bad reputation.
32
95172
3762
दवाखान्याच्या वास्तु बांधणीची
बरीच बदनामी झालेली आहे .
बरीच बदनामी झालेली आहे .
01:50
But the surprising thing is,
it wasn't always like this.
it wasn't always like this.
33
98934
3157
पण आश्चर्याची गोष्ट आहे
पूर्वी असे नव्हते .
पूर्वी असे नव्हते .
01:54
This is L'Ospedale degli Innocenti,
built in 1419 by Brunelleschi,
built in 1419 by Brunelleschi,
34
102091
4334
हे पहा लोस्पिटलि देजील इंनोचेन्ति,
बृनेलेस्की,ने १४१९ मध्ये बांधलेले.
बृनेलेस्की,ने १४१९ मध्ये बांधलेले.
01:58
who was one of the most famous
and influential architects of his time.
and influential architects of his time.
35
106425
3747
तो त्याकाळी एक प्.रसिद्ध व प्रभावशाली
वास्तुविशारद होता
वास्तुविशारद होता
02:02
And when I look at this building
and then think about hospitals today,
and then think about hospitals today,
36
110172
3343
या दवाखान्याकडे मी जेव्हा पाहते
आणि आजच्या दवाखान्यांचा विचार करते
आणि आजच्या दवाखान्यांचा विचार करते
02:05
what amazes me is
this building's ambition.
this building's ambition.
37
113515
3088
तेव्हा मला नवल वाटते
02:08
It's just a really great building.
38
116603
1649
या इमारतीच्या यशाचे.
02:10
It has these courtyards in the middle
39
118252
1834
मध्यभागी असलेल्या या अंगणामुळे
02:12
so that all of the rooms
have daylight and fresh air,
have daylight and fresh air,
40
120086
2533
सर्व खोल्यांना दिवसाचा
प्रकाश व हवा मिळे .
प्रकाश व हवा मिळे .
02:14
and the rooms are big
and they have high ceilings,
and they have high ceilings,
41
122619
2413
खोल्या मोठ्या होत्या
त्यांची छते उंच होत्या .
त्यांची छते उंच होत्या .
02:17
so they just feel
more comfortable to be in.
more comfortable to be in.
42
125032
2484
आत असणाऱ्यांना आरामशीर वाटे .
02:19
And it's also beautiful.
43
127516
1765
ते सुंदरही होते
02:21
Somehow, we've forgotten
that that's even possible for a hospital.
that that's even possible for a hospital.
44
129281
3831
हे आपण विसरलो
पण असा दवाखाना असू शकतो
पण असा दवाखाना असू शकतो
02:25
Now, if we want better buildings
for dying, then we have to talk about it,
for dying, then we have to talk about it,
45
133112
4023
जर चांगल्या इमारती हव्या असतील
मृत्यूसाठी तर त्याचा विचार केले पाहिजे.
मृत्यूसाठी तर त्याचा विचार केले पाहिजे.
02:29
but because we find the subject
of death uncomfortable,
of death uncomfortable,
46
137135
2571
पण मृत्यूचा विचार आपल्याला
अस्वस्थ करणारा असतो .
अस्वस्थ करणारा असतो .
02:31
we don't talk about it,
47
139706
1440
त्याबद्दल आपण बोलत नाही .
02:33
and we don't question how we
as a society approach death.
as a society approach death.
48
141146
3312
आपण प्रश्नही विचारत नाही
समाजाच्या मृत्यूविषयी दृष्टिकोनाबाबत .
समाजाच्या मृत्यूविषयी दृष्टिकोनाबाबत .
02:36
One of the things that surprised me
most in my research, though,
most in my research, though,
49
144458
3174
माझ्या शोधतील एका गोष्टीने मी चकित झाले,
02:39
is how changeable attitudes actually are.
50
147632
2685
बदलत्या दृष्टीकोनाने
02:42
This is the first crematorium in the U.K.,
51
150317
2392
ब्रिटन मधील ही स्मशानभूमी आहे .
02:44
which was built in Woking in the 1870s.
52
152709
2809
१८७० मध्ये बांधलेली .
02:47
And when this was first built,
there were protests in the local village.
there were protests in the local village.
53
155518
3407
बांधकामाच्या सुरवातीस
तेथील ग्रामस्थांनी विरोध केला .
तेथील ग्रामस्थांनी विरोध केला .
दह्नास सामाजिक मान्यता नव्हती
९९.8 टक्के लोकांना दफन करीत.
९९.8 टक्के लोकांना दफन करीत.
02:50
Cremation wasn't socially acceptable,
and 99.8 percent of people got buried.
and 99.8 percent of people got buried.
54
158925
4883
02:55
And yet, only a hundred years later,
three quarters of us get cremated.
three quarters of us get cremated.
55
163808
3776
शंभर वर्षानंतर आपल्यापैकी
तीनचतुर्थौश लोकांना धन केले जाते
तीनचतुर्थौश लोकांना धन केले जाते
02:59
People are actually really open
to changing things
to changing things
56
167584
2527
लोक मोकळेपणी बदल स्वीकारतांना दिसतात .
03:02
if they're given the chance
to talk about them.
to talk about them.
57
170111
2401
तुम्ही त्यांना बोलण्याची संधी दिल्यास
03:04
So this conversation
about death and architecture
about death and architecture
58
172512
3323
वास्तू बांधणी व मृत्यू बाबतही चर्चा आहे
03:07
was what I wanted to start
when I did my first exhibition on it
when I did my first exhibition on it
59
175835
3159
मी सुरवात करते मी मांडलेल्या
पहिल्या प्रदर्शनाने
पहिल्या प्रदर्शनाने
03:10
in Venice in June,
which was called "Death in Venice."
which was called "Death in Venice."
60
178994
3226
जे व्हेनिस मध्ये झाले
ज्यास व्हेनिसमधील मृत्यू नाव पडले .
ज्यास व्हेनिसमधील मृत्यू नाव पडले .
03:14
It was designed to be quite playful
61
182220
3274
फार खेळकर रित्या ते सादर झाले .
03:17
so that people would
literally engage with it.
literally engage with it.
62
185494
2198
लोक त्याशी अक्षरशः समरस झाले .
03:19
This is one of our exhibits,
which is an interactive map of London
which is an interactive map of London
63
187692
3255
आणि हे प्रदर्शन आहे
लंडन शहरातील
लंडन शहरातील
03:22
that shows just how much
of the real estate in the city
of the real estate in the city
64
190947
2675
जे शहरातील किती जमीन
दिली आहे .
दिली आहे .
03:25
is given over to death and dying,
65
193622
1879
मृत्यू झालेल्यांसाठी
03:27
and as you wave your hand across the map,
66
195501
2369
या नकाश्वरून जर तुम्ही हात फिरविल्यावर
03:29
the name of that piece of real estate,
the building or cemetery, is revealed.
the building or cemetery, is revealed.
67
197870
4829
किती जमीनदिली आहे
स्मशानभूमीसाठी
स्मशानभूमीसाठी
03:34
Another of our exhibits
was a series of postcards
was a series of postcards
68
202699
2508
दुसरे आमचे प्रदर्शन आहे
पोस्टकार्ड बाबत
पोस्टकार्ड बाबत
03:37
that people could take away with them.
69
205207
1997
जे लोक टाकून देत
03:39
And they showed people's homes
and hospitals
and hospitals
70
207204
2461
ज्यावर त्यांचा घरचा व दवाखान्याचा
पत्ता असे .
पत्ता असे .
03:41
and cemeteries and mortuaries,
71
209665
2415
त्यावर स्मशानभूमी व प्रेतागाराची नोंद असे
03:44
and they tell the story
of the different spaces
of the different spaces
72
212080
2461
त्या वेगवेगळे ठिकाण दर्शवित असत
03:46
that we pass through
on either side of death.
on either side of death.
73
214541
2833
मृत्यू पलीकडे जातांनानही
कोठून आलो टो मार्ग दाखवीत असे
कोठून आलो टो मार्ग दाखवीत असे
03:49
We wanted to show
that where we die
that where we die
74
217374
2345
आपल्याला सांगायचे असते कोठे
आपण मरण पावलो
आपण मरण पावलो
03:51
is a key part of how we die.
75
219719
3251
हेच मर्म आहे आपला मृत्यू कसा झाला यास्तव
03:54
Now, the strangest thing was the way
that visitors reacted to the exhibition,
that visitors reacted to the exhibition,
76
222970
4783
यातील शक्तिशाली बाब होती
प्रेक्षकांची प्रदार्षानाबाबतची प्रतिक्रिया
प्रेक्षकांची प्रदार्षानाबाबतची प्रतिक्रिया
03:59
especially the audio-visual works.
77
227753
2368
विशेषतः दृक्श्राव्य मध्यमातून
04:02
We had people dancing
and running and jumping
and running and jumping
78
230121
3692
आम्हाला नाचतांना पळतांना
आणि उड्या मारतांना लोक दिसले
आणि उड्या मारतांना लोक दिसले
04:05
as they tried to activate
the exhibits in different ways,
the exhibits in different ways,
79
233813
2995
ते सक्रीय करीत होते प्रदर्शनास
वेगवेगळ्या रीतीने
वेगवेगळ्या रीतीने
04:08
and at a certain point
they would kind of stop
they would kind of stop
80
236808
2444
एका विशिष्ट स्थळीत थांबित
04:11
and remember that they were in
an exhibition about death,
an exhibition about death,
81
239252
2734
लक्षात घ्या ते होते
मृत्यूसंबंधी प्रदर्शनात
मृत्यूसंबंधी प्रदर्शनात
04:13
and that maybe that's not
how you're supposed to act.
how you're supposed to act.
82
241986
2624
तुम्ही विचार ही केला नसेल
आशा प्रतिक्रियेचा
आशा प्रतिक्रियेचा
04:16
But actually, I would question
whether there is one way
whether there is one way
83
244610
2647
पण मी प्रश्न करते
एक मार्ग आहे काय
एक मार्ग आहे काय
04:19
that you're supposed to act around death,
84
247257
2275
मृत्यूसंबंधी तुमच्या प्रतिक्रियेसाठी आ
04:21
and if there's not, I'd ask you to think
about what you think a good death is,
about what you think a good death is,
85
249532
4551
आणि जर नसेल तर मी विचारते
तुम्हास काय वाटते चांगले मरण कसे असावे
तुम्हास काय वाटते चांगले मरण कसे असावे
04:26
and what you think that architecture
that supports a good death might be like,
that supports a good death might be like,
86
254083
3669
आणि त्यासाठी वास्तुस्थापत्य विषयी पूरक
पूरक बाबी चांगल्या मृत्यूसाठी
पूरक बाबी चांगल्या मृत्यूसाठी
04:29
and mightn't it be a little less like this
and a little more like this?
and a little more like this?
87
257752
4728
आणि त्या कमीही नको वा
जास्तही नको
जास्तही नको
04:34
Thank you.
88
262480
2214
आभारी आहे
04:36
(Applause)
89
264694
2020
(टाळ्या)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alison Killing - ArchitectAn architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment.
Why you should listen
Alison Killing is an architect and urban designer working to engage people with their built environment, via design of buildings and urban strategies, film making, exhibitions and events. She explores the relationship between death and modern architecture, looking at how cities are rebuilt after disaster.
Recent projects include Death in the City (and its first iteration, Death in Venice, which was shown as an independent event during the opening week of the Venice Architecture Biennale), a touring exhibition about death and modern architecture; work with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on better rebuilding after disaster and how to integrate relevant urban design tools into humanitarian response; and a study of financial models for arts and community projects temporarily using vacant buildings to help these projects become self-sustaining.
Alison Killing | Speaker | TED.com