ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.

Why you should listen

Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.

What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.

Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.

Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)

Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.

Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.


More profile about the speaker
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2010

Hans Rosling: The magic washing machine

Hans Rosling e a mágica máquina de lavar

Filmed:
2,973,428 views

Qual foi a maior invenção da revolução industrial? Hans Rosling defende o caso da máquina de lavar. Com novos gráficos com design da Gapminder, Rosling nos mostra a mágica que acontece quando o crescimento da economia e a eletricidade tornam um chato dia de lavagem em um dia de leitura intelectual.
- Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I was only four years old
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Eu tinha apenas 4 anos
00:17
when I saw my mother load a washing machine
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quando vi minha mãe colocando roupas em uma máquina de lavar
00:20
for the very first time in her life.
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pela primeira vez em sua vida.
00:23
That was a great day for my mother.
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Este foi um grande dia para minha mãe.
00:25
My mother and father had been saving money for years
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Minha mãe e meu pai juntaram dinheiro por anos
00:28
to be able to buy that machine,
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para poder comprar aquela máquina.
00:30
and the first day it was going to be used,
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E no primeiro dia em que seria usada,
00:32
even Grandma was invited
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até minha avó foi convidada
00:34
to see the machine.
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para ver a máquina.
00:36
And Grandma was even more excited.
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E vovó estava ainda mais animada.
00:39
Throughout her life
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Em toda sua vida
00:41
she had been heating water with firewood,
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ela esquentava água num fogão a lenha,
00:43
and she had hand washed laundry
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e ela tinha que lavar à mão a roupa suja
00:45
for seven children.
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de sete crianças.
00:47
And now she was going to watch
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E agora ela iria assistir
00:50
electricity do that work.
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a eletricidade fazer o trabalho.
00:53
My mother carefully opened the door,
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Minha mãe abriu a tampa com cuidado,
00:57
and she loaded the laundry
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e colocou a roupa suja
00:59
into the machine,
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dentro da máquina,
01:01
like this.
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assim.
01:03
And then, when she closed the door,
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E então, quando ela fechou a tampa,
01:05
Grandma said, "No, no, no, no.
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Vovó disse, "Não, não, não, não.
01:07
Let me, let me push the button."
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Deixe-me, deixe-me apertar o botão."
01:11
And Grandma pushed the button,
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E vovó apertou o botão,
01:13
and she said, "Oh, fantastic!
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e disse, "Oh, fantástico.
01:16
I want to see this! Give me a chair!
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Eu quero ver isso. Dê-me uma cadeira.
01:18
Give me a chair! I want to see it,"
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Dê-me uma cadeira. Eu quero ver."
01:20
and she sat down in front of the machine,
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E ela sentou-se em frente a máquina,
01:23
and she watched the entire washing program.
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e ela assistiu todo o processo de lavagem.
01:27
She was mesmerized.
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Ela estava hipnotizada.
01:29
To my grandmother,
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Para minha avó,
01:32
the washing machine was a miracle.
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a máquina de lavar era um milagre.
01:35
Today, in Sweden and other rich countries,
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Hoje, na Suécia e em outros países ricos,
01:38
people are using
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as pessoas estão usando
01:40
so many different machines.
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tantas máquinas diferentes.
01:42
Look, the homes are full of machines.
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Vejam, as casas estão cheias de máquinas;
01:44
I can't even name them all.
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Eu nem sei o nome de todas.
01:46
And they also, when they want to travel,
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E também, quando as pessoas querem viajar,
01:49
they use flying machines
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elas utilizam máquinas voadoras
01:52
that can take them to remote destinations.
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que podem levá-las a destinos remotos.
01:54
And yet, in the world, there are so many people
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E ainda, no mundo, existem tantas pessoas
01:56
who still heat the water on fire,
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que ainda esquentam água no fogo,
01:59
and they cook their food on fire.
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e elas cozinham sua comida no fogo.
02:02
Sometimes they don't even have enough food,
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Algumas vezes elas nem têm comida suficiente.
02:04
and they live below the poverty line.
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E elas vivem abaixo da linha de pobreza.
02:07
There are two billion fellow human beings
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Há 2 bilhões de seres humanos
02:10
who live on less than two dollars a day.
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que vivem com menos de 2 dólares por dia.
02:12
And the richest people over there --
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E as pessoas ricas --
02:14
there's one billion people --
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cerca de um bilhão de pessoas --
02:16
and they live above what I call the "air line,"
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e elas vivem acima do que eu chamo linha aérea,
02:20
because they spend more than $80 a day
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porque ela gastam cerca de 80 dólares por dia
02:23
on their consumption.
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em seu consumo.
02:25
But this is just one, two, three billion people,
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Mas isto é apenas um, dois, três bilhões de pessoas,
02:28
and obviously there are seven billion people in the world,
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e obviamente existe cerca de 7 bilhões de pessoas no mundo,
02:31
so there must be one, two, three, four billion people more
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então deve haver um, dois, três ou quatro bilhões de pessoas a mais,
02:34
who live in between the poverty and the air line.
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que vivem entre a linha de pobreza e a linha aérea.
02:37
They have electricity,
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Elas têm eletricidade,
02:40
but the question is, how many have washing machines?
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mas a questão é, quantas possuem máquinas de lavar?
02:43
I've done the scrutiny of market data,
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Fiz um exame minucioso dos dados de mercado,
02:46
and I've found that, indeed,
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e descobri que, na verdade,
02:48
the washing machine has penetrated below the air line,
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a máquina de lavar penetrou abaixo da linha aérea,
02:51
and today there's an additional one billion people out there
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e hoje existe um bilhão de pessoas a mais por aí
02:54
who live above the "wash line."
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que vivem abaixo da linha de lavagem.
02:57
(Laughter)
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(Risadas)
02:59
And they consume more than $40 per day.
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E elas consomem mais de 40 dólares por dia.
03:03
So two billion have access to washing machines.
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Então 2 bilhões têm acesso a máquinas de lavar.
03:06
And the remaining five billion,
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E os 5 bilhões restantes,
03:08
how do they wash?
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como elas lavam roupa?
03:10
Or, to be more precise,
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Ou, para ser mais preciso,
03:12
how do most of the women in the world wash?
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como a maioria das mulheres no mundo lava roupa?
03:15
Because it remains hard work for women to wash.
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Porque isto ainda é um trabalho duro para as mulheres.
03:19
They wash like this: by hand.
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Elas lavam assim: a mão.
03:22
It's a hard, time-consuming labor,
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É duro, trabalho que consome tempo,
03:26
which they have to do for hours every week.
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que elas devem fazer por horas toda semana.
03:29
And sometimes they also have to bring water from far away
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E às vezes elas também têm que carregar água de longe
03:32
to do the laundry at home,
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até a lavanderia em casa.
03:34
or they have to bring the laundry away to a stream far off.
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Ou elas têm que carregar a roupa suja até um riacho afastado.
03:38
And they want the washing machine.
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E elas querem a máquina de lavar.
03:41
They don't want to spend such a large part of their life
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Elas não querem passar parte tão grande de suas vidas
03:44
doing this hard work
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fazendo este trabalho duro
03:46
with so relatively low productivity.
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com relativamente baixa produtividade.
03:48
And there's nothing different in their wish
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E não há nada de diferente com o desejo delas
03:50
than it was for my grandma.
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e o da minha avó.
03:52
Look here, two generations ago in Sweden --
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Vejam aqui, 2 gerações atrás na Suécia --
03:55
picking water from the stream,
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buscando água de um riacho,
03:57
heating with firewood and washing like that.
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esquentando no fogo e lavando assim.
04:00
They want the washing machine in exactly the same way.
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Elas querem a máquina de lavar exatamente da mesma forma.
04:03
But when I lecture to environmentally-concerned students,
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Mas quando leciono para estudantes ecologicamente conscientes,
04:06
they tell me, "No, everybody in the world cannot have cars and washing machines."
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eles me dizem, "Não, todos no mundo não podem ter carros e máquinas de lavar."
04:11
How can we tell this woman
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Como podemos dizer a esta mulher
04:13
that she ain't going to have a washing machine?
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que ela não terá uma máquina de lavar?
04:15
And then I ask my students,
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E então perguntei aos meus alunos,
04:17
I've asked them -- over the last two years I've asked,
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E venho perguntando -- nos últimos 2 anos tenho perguntado,
04:19
"How many of you doesn't use a car?"
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"Quantos de vocês não usa carro?"
04:21
And some of them proudly raise their hand
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E alguns deles orgulhosamente levantam a mão
04:23
and say, "I don't use a car."
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e dizem, "Eu não uso carro."
04:25
And then I put the really tough question:
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E então eu coloco uma questão realmente difícil:
04:27
"How many of you
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"Quantos de vocês
04:29
hand-wash your jeans and your bed sheets?"
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lavam a mão seu jeans e seus lençóis?"
04:31
And no one raised their hand.
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E ninguém levantou a mão.
04:34
Even the hardcore in the green movement
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Até o mais extremista no movimento verde
04:37
use washing machines.
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usa máquinas de lavar.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(Risadas)
04:43
So how come [this is] something that everyone uses
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Então como isto pode ser algo que todo mundo usa
04:45
and they think others will not stop it? What is special with this?
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e eles acham que os outros não irão parar; o que tem de especial sobre isto?
04:48
I had to do an analysis about the energy used in the world.
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Tive que fazer uma análise sobre o uso de energia no mundo.
04:51
Here we are.
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Aqui estamos.
04:53
Look here, you see the seven billion people up there:
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Olhem aqui, vocês podem ver 7 bilhões de pessoas aqui em cima:
04:55
the air people, the wash people,
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as pessoas da linha aérea, as pessoas que lavam,
04:57
the bulb people and the fire people.
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as pessoas da lâmpada e as pessoas do fogo.
05:00
One unit like this
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Uma unidade dessas
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is an energy unit of fossil fuel --
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é uma unidade de energia de combustível fóssil --
05:05
oil, coal or gas.
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óleo, carvão ou gás.
05:07
That's what most of electricity and the energy in the world is.
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Aqui é onde a maior parte da eletricidade e energia do mundo está.
05:11
And it's 12 units used in the entire world,
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E dessas 12 unidades usadas em todo mundo,
05:14
and the richest one billion, they use six of them.
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o 1 bilhão mais ricos, usam 6 delas.
05:17
Half of the energy is used by one seventh of the world's population.
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Metade da energia é usada por 1/7 da população mundial.
05:20
And these ones who have washing machines,
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E esses que possuem máquinas de lavar,
05:22
but not a house full of other machines,
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mas não uma casa cheia de outras máquinas,
05:24
they use two.
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eles usam 2.
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This group uses three, one each.
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Este grupo usa três, uma cada.
05:28
And they also have electricity.
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E eles também têm eletricidade.
05:30
And over there they don't even use one each.
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E lá adiante, eles sequer usam uma cada.
05:33
That makes 12 of them.
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O que faz 12 deles.
05:35
But the main concern
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Mas a questão principal
05:37
for the environmentally-interested students -- and they are right --
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para os estudantes ecologicamente interessados -- e eles estão certos --
05:40
is about the future.
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é sobre o futuro.
05:42
What are the trends? If we just prolong the trends,
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Quais são as tendências? Se nós apenas prolongarmos as tendências,
05:45
without any real advanced analysis, to 2050,
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sem nenhuma análise realmente detalhada, em 2050,
05:48
there are two things that can increase the energy use.
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existem 2 coisas que podem aumentar o uso de energia.
05:51
First, population growth.
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Primeiro, o crescimento populacional.
05:53
Second, economic growth.
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Segundo, o crescimento econômico.
05:55
Population growth will mainly occur among the poorest people here
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O crescimento populacional acontecerá principalmente entre as pessoas mais pobres,
05:58
because they have high child mortality
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porque ele possuem alta taxa de mortalidade infantil
06:00
and they have many children per woman.
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e muitas crianças por mulher.
06:02
And [with] that you will get two extra,
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E com isso você tem dois extras,
06:04
but that won't change the energy use very much.
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mas isso não muda muito o uso de energia.
06:06
What will happen is economic growth.
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O que acontece é crescimento econômico.
06:09
The best of here in the emerging economies --
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O melhor daqui nas economias emergentes --
06:11
I call them the New East --
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Eu as chamo Novo Leste --
06:13
they will jump the air line.
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elas pularão a linha aérea.
06:15
"Wopp!" they will say.
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"Opa!" eles dirão.
06:17
And they will start to use as much as the Old West are doing already.
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E eles começarão a usar tanto quanto o Velho Oeste já está usando.
06:20
And these people, they want the washing machine.
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E estas pessoas, elas querem a máquina de lavar.
06:23
I told you. They'll go there.
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Eu lhes digo. Elas chegarão lá.
06:25
And they will double their energy use.
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E elas dobrarão o consumo de energia.
06:27
And we hope that the poor people will get into the electric light.
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E nós esperamos que as pessoas pobres tenham energia elétrica.
06:30
And they'll get a two-child family without a stop in population growth.
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E eles chegarão a duas crianças por família sem parar o crescimento populacional.
06:32
But the total energy consumption
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Mas o total de energia consumida
06:34
will increase to 22 units.
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crescerá para 22 unidades.
06:36
And these 22 units --
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E estas 22 unidades
06:39
still the richest people use most of it.
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ainda serão usadas em sua maioria pelas pessoas mais ricas.
06:43
So what needs to be done?
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Então o que precisa ser feito?
06:45
Because the risk,
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Porque o risco,
06:47
the high probability of climate change is real.
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a alta probabilidade de mudança climática é real.
06:50
It's real.
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É real.
06:52
Of course they must be more energy-efficient.
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É claro que eles precisam ser mais eficientes em termos de energia
06:55
They must change behavior in some way.
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Eles precisam mudar o comportamento de alguma forma.
06:57
They must also start to produce green energy,
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Eles também devem começar a produzir energia verde,
06:59
much more green energy.
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muito mais energia verde.
07:01
But until they have the same energy consumption per person,
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Mas até que eles tenham o mesmo consumo de energia por pessoa,
07:04
they shouldn't give advice to others --
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eles não deveriam dar conselhos aos outros --
07:06
what to do and what not to do.
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o que fazer e o que não fazer.
07:08
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
07:10
Here we can get more green energy all over.
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Aqui podemos ter mais energia verde.
07:14
This is what we hope may happen.
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Isto é o que esperamos que aconteça.
07:16
It's a real challenge in the future.
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É um desafio real no futuro.
07:19
But I can assure you that this woman in the favela in Rio,
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Mas eu posso lhes assegurar que esta mulher na favela do Rio,
07:22
she wants a washing machine.
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quer uma máquina de lavar.
07:24
She's very happy about her minister of energy
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Ele está muito feliz com seu ministro da energia
07:27
that provided electricity to everyone --
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que provê eletricidade a todos --
07:29
so happy that she even voted for her.
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tão feliz que ela até votou nela.
07:32
And she became Dilma Rousseff,
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E ela se tornou Dilma Rousseff,
07:34
the president-elect
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a presidenta eleita
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of one of the biggest democracies in the world --
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de uma das maiores democracias do mundo --
07:38
moving from minister of energy to president.
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saindo do ministério da energia para a presidência.
07:41
If you have democracy,
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Se você tem democracia,
07:43
people will vote for washing machines.
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pessoas votarão pela máquinas de lavar.
07:45
They love them.
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Elas amam as máquinas de lavar.
07:49
And what's the magic with them?
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E qual é a mágica delas?
07:51
My mother explained the magic with this machine
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Minha mãe explicou a mágica desta máquina
07:54
the very, very first day.
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logo, logo no primeiro dia.
07:56
She said, "Now Hans,
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Ela disse, "Agora Hans,
07:58
we have loaded the laundry.
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nós colocamos a roupa suja;
08:00
The machine will make the work.
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a máquina fará o trabalho.
08:02
And now we can go to the library."
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E agora nós podemos ir à biblioteca."
08:04
Because this is the magic:
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Porque está é a mágica:
08:06
you load the laundry,
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você coloca a roupa suja,
08:08
and what do you get out of the machine?
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e o que você tira da máquina?
08:10
You get books out of the machines,
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Você tira livros das máquinas,
08:13
children's books.
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livros infantis.
08:15
And mother got time to read for me.
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E mamãe ganhou tempo para ler para mim.
08:17
She loved this. I got the "ABC's" --
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Ela adorou isso. Eu ganhei "ABC".
08:19
this is where I started my career as a professor,
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Foi aqui que comecei minha carreira como professor,
08:22
when my mother had time to read for me.
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quando minha mãe teve tempo de ler para mim.
08:24
And she also got books for herself.
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E ela também pegou livros para ela.
08:26
She managed to study English
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Ela conseguiu estudar inglês
08:28
and learn that as a foreign language.
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e aprendê-lo como língua estrangeira.
08:30
And she read so many novels,
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E ela leu tantos romances,
08:32
so many different novels here.
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tantos romances diferentes aqui.
08:35
And we really, we really loved this machine.
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E nós relamente, relamente amamos essa máquina.
08:39
And what we said, my mother and me,
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E o que dissemos, minha mãe e eu,
08:42
"Thank you industrialization.
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"Obrigado industrialização.
08:45
Thank you steel mill.
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Obrigado siderúrgica.
08:47
Thank you power station.
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Obrigado hidrelétrica.
08:49
And thank you chemical processing industry
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E obrigado a indústria de produto químicos
08:52
that gave us time to read books."
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isto nos deu tempo para ler livros."
08:54
Thank you very much.
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Muito obrigado.
08:56
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Translated by Christine Veras
Reviewed by Andrea Rojas

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.

Why you should listen

Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.

What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.

Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.

Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)

Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.

Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.


More profile about the speaker
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com