ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.

Why you should listen

Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.

What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.

Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.

Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)

Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.

Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.


More profile about the speaker
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2010

Hans Rosling: The magic washing machine

Hans Rosling 與神奇的洗衣機

Filmed:
2,973,428 views

工業革命所帶來最棒的發明是什麼? Hans Rosling 認為是洗衣機. 藉由 Gapminder 最新設計的圖片, Rosling 讓我們看見當經濟成長與電力將無趣的洗衣生活變成有智慧的閱讀生活的這個神奇過程。
- Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I was only four years年份 old
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在我四歲的時候,
00:17
when I saw my mother母親 load加載 a washing洗滌 machine
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我看見我的媽媽將衣物放進
00:20
for the very first time in her life.
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她一生中第一次使用的洗衣機。
00:23
That was a great day for my mother母親.
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對我媽來說, 這是一個重要的日子
00:25
My mother母親 and father父親 had been saving保存 money for years年份
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我的媽媽和爸爸存了很多年的錢
00:28
to be able能夠 to buy購買 that machine,
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才能夠買到這台洗衣機
00:30
and the first day it was going to be used,
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而這是它第一次被使用的日子,
00:32
even Grandma奶奶 was invited邀請
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甚至連奶奶都被邀請
00:34
to see the machine.
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來看這台洗衣機。
00:36
And Grandma奶奶 was even more excited興奮.
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奶奶還比媽媽更興奮
00:39
Throughout始終 her life
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她這一輩子
00:41
she had been heating加熱 water with firewood,
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都是靠柴火來燒熱水,
00:43
and she had hand washed laundry洗衣店
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她必須用雙手
00:45
for seven children孩子.
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替七個孩子洗衣物
00:47
And now she was going to watch
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而現在她會看到
00:50
electricity電力 do that work.
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電力來做這件事
00:53
My mother母親 carefully小心 opened打開 the door,
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我媽媽小心地打開了門,
00:57
and she loaded the laundry洗衣店
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然後她將這些衣物
00:59
into the machine,
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放進了洗衣機
01:01
like this.
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就像這樣
01:03
And then, when she closed關閉 the door,
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然後, 當她關上門的時候,
01:05
Grandma奶奶 said, "No, no, no, no.
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奶奶說, "等等,
01:07
Let me, let me push the button按鍵."
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讓我來按這個按鈕。"
01:11
And Grandma奶奶 pushed the button按鍵,
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然後奶奶按下了按鈕,
01:13
and she said, "Oh, fantastic奇妙!
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她說, "喔, 真神奇啊
01:16
I want to see this! Give me a chair椅子!
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我想看看這個. 給我一張椅子
01:18
Give me a chair椅子! I want to see it,"
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給我一張椅子, 我想看看它。"
01:20
and she satSAT down in front面前 of the machine,
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於是她坐在洗衣機的前面,
01:23
and she watched看著 the entire整個 washing洗滌 program程序.
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她看了整個洗滌的流程
01:27
She was mesmerized如醉如痴.
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她被迷住了
01:29
To my grandmother祖母,
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對我的奶奶來說,
01:32
the washing洗滌 machine was a miracle奇蹟.
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洗衣機是一個奇蹟
01:35
Today今天, in Sweden瑞典 and other rich豐富 countries國家,
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現在, 在瑞典和其他有錢的國家,
01:38
people are using運用
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人們使用著
01:40
so many許多 different不同 machines.
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各種不同的機器
01:42
Look, the homes家園 are full充分 of machines.
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看, 家裡堆滿了各種機器;
01:44
I can't even name名稱 them all.
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我甚至沒辦法說出全部的名稱
01:46
And they also, when they want to travel旅行,
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同時, 當他們想旅行時,
01:49
they use flying飛行 machines
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他們會使用飛機
01:52
that can take them to remote遠程 destinations目的地.
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來送他們到遙遠的地方
01:54
And yet然而, in the world世界, there are so many許多 people
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然而, 在這個世界裡, 還有許多人
01:56
who still heat the water on fire,
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需要生火來燒熱水,
01:59
and they cook廚師 their food餐飲 on fire.
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也必須靠火來煮飯
02:02
Sometimes有時 they don't even have enough足夠 food餐飲,
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有時候甚至沒有足夠的食物
02:04
and they live生活 below下面 the poverty貧窮 line.
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他們活在貧窮的標準線之下
02:07
There are two billion十億 fellow同伴 human人的 beings眾生
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有二十億的人們
02:10
who live生活 on less than two dollars美元 a day.
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每天生活費用不到兩塊美金
02:12
And the richest首富 people over there --
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而最富裕的人們 --
02:14
there's one billion十億 people --
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有十億的人們 --
02:16
and they live生活 above以上 what I call the "air空氣 line,"
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他們生活在這條我稱為天際線之上,
02:20
because they spend more than $80 a day
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因為他們每天用在生活的花費
02:23
on their consumption消費.
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超過八十美金
02:25
But this is just one, two, three billion十億 people,
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但這只是十、二十、 三十億的人們,
02:28
and obviously明顯 there are seven billion十億 people in the world世界,
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但世界上有七十億的人口,
02:31
so there must必須 be one, two, three, four billion十億 people more
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所以還有十、二十、三十、四十億的人,
02:34
who live生活 in between之間 the poverty貧窮 and the air空氣 line.
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生活在貧窮與天際線之間。
02:37
They have electricity電力,
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他們擁有電力,
02:40
but the question is, how many許多 have washing洗滌 machines?
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但問題是, 多少人擁有洗衣機?
02:43
I've doneDONE the scrutiny審查 of market市場 data數據,
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我做過市場調查,
02:46
and I've found發現 that, indeed確實,
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我發現, 確實,
02:48
the washing洗滌 machine has penetrated滲透 below下面 the air空氣 line,
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洗衣機在這條天際線之下,
02:51
and today今天 there's an additional額外 one billion十億 people out there
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而今日, 有十億人
02:54
who live生活 above以上 the "wash line."
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生活在洗衣機線之上
02:57
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:59
And they consume消耗 more than $40 per day.
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他們每天的花費超過四十美元
03:03
So two billion十億 have access訪問 to washing洗滌 machines.
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所以有二十億的人可以使用洗衣機
03:06
And the remaining其餘 five billion十億,
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那麼剩下的五十億人們,
03:08
how do they wash?
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是怎麼洗衣服的呢?
03:10
Or, to be more precise精確,
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或者, 講明白一點,
03:12
how do most of the women婦女 in the world世界 wash?
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世界上大部分的女人是怎麼洗衣服的呢?
03:15
Because it remains遺跡 hard work for women婦女 to wash.
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因為對女人來說, 洗衣服仍然是件辛苦的事情
03:19
They wash like this: by hand.
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她們會這樣洗衣服: 用手洗
03:22
It's a hard, time-consuming耗時的 labor勞動,
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這是一件辛苦, 很耗費時間的工作,
03:26
which哪一個 they have to do for hours小時 every一切 week.
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這是她們每個禮拜都要花費好幾小時所做的事情
03:29
And sometimes有時 they also have to bring帶來 water from far away
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有時候她們必須將水從很遠的地方
03:32
to do the laundry洗衣店 at home,
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帶回家中洗衣服
03:34
or they have to bring帶來 the laundry洗衣店 away to a stream far off.
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或是, 她們必須將衣物帶到很遠的溪流旁邊
03:38
And they want the washing洗滌 machine.
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所以, 她們想要有洗衣機
03:41
They don't want to spend such這樣 a large part部分 of their life
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她們不想將生命中大部分的時間
03:44
doing this hard work
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用在這種又辛苦
03:46
with so relatively相對 low productivity生產率.
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又沒什麼價值的工作上.
03:48
And there's nothing different不同 in their wish希望
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她們的這個願望
03:50
than it was for my grandma奶奶.
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和我奶奶的願望沒什麼不同
03:52
Look here, two generations ago in Sweden瑞典 --
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看這裡, 兩代之前的瑞典 --
03:55
picking選擇 water from the stream,
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從溪流邊取水,
03:57
heating加熱 with firewood and washing洗滌 like that.
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生火燒水和用手洗衣服
04:00
They want the washing洗滌 machine in exactly究竟 the same相同 way.
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她們也同樣想要有洗衣機
04:03
But when I lecture演講 to environmentally-concerned環保關注 students學生們,
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但是, 當我對著關心環保的學生們演說時,
04:06
they tell me, "No, everybody每個人 in the world世界 cannot不能 have cars汽車 and washing洗滌 machines."
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他們告訴我, "不, 世界上的人們不可以都擁有汽車和洗衣機。"
04:11
How can we tell this woman女人
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我們該怎麼告訴這個女人
04:13
that she ain't going to have a washing洗滌 machine?
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她不可以有一台洗衣機?
04:15
And then I ask my students學生們,
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於是我問我的學生們,
04:17
I've asked them -- over the last two years年份 I've asked,
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在過去兩年中, 我問過他們,
04:19
"How many許多 of you doesn't use a car汽車?"
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"你們之中有多少人不開車?"
04:21
And some of them proudly傲然 raise提高 their hand
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一部分人自豪地舉起他們的手,
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and say, "I don't use a car汽車."
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告訴我, "我不開車。"
04:25
And then I put the really tough強硬 question:
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接著我問他們一個艱困的問題:
04:27
"How many許多 of you
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"你們之中
04:29
hand-wash手洗 your jeans牛仔褲 and your bed sheets床單?"
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有多少人會用手洗牛仔褲和床單?"
04:31
And no one raised上調 their hand.
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結果沒有人舉手
04:34
Even the hardcore鐵桿 in the green綠色 movement運動
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即使是綠色運動的激進人士
04:37
use washing洗滌 machines.
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也會使用洗衣機
04:39
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
04:43
So how come [this is] something that everyone大家 uses使用
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所以, 這種每個人都會使用的東西,
04:45
and they think others其他 will not stop it? What is special特別 with this?
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他們怎麼能夠期望別人不使用;有什麼特別的嗎?
04:48
I had to do an analysis分析 about the energy能源 used in the world世界.
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我對世界上能源使用狀況進行了分析
04:51
Here we are.
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就像這樣
04:53
Look here, you see the seven billion十億 people up there:
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看這邊, 你看這裡有七十億的人們,
04:55
the air空氣 people, the wash people,
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天際等級的人, 洗衣機等級的人,
04:57
the bulb燈泡 people and the fire people.
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使用燈泡和生火的人們
05:00
One unit單元 like this
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這是一個單位,
05:02
is an energy能源 unit單元 of fossil化石 fuel汽油 --
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一個石化燃料的單位 --
05:05
oil, coal煤炭 or gas加油站.
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石油, 煤炭或天然氣。
05:07
That's what most of electricity電力 and the energy能源 in the world世界 is.
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這是世界上的電力和能源主要的來源
05:11
And it's 12 units單位 used in the entire整個 world世界,
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整個世界使用了十二個單位的能源,
05:14
and the richest首富 one billion十億, they use six of them.
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最有錢的十億人們, 他們用了六個單位。
05:17
Half of the energy能源 is used by one seventh第七 of the world's世界 population人口.
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有一半的能源被這七分之一的人口給用掉了
05:20
And these ones那些 who have washing洗滌 machines,
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而這個有洗衣機的族群,
05:22
but not a house full充分 of other machines,
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家中並未充斥其它機器的族群,
05:24
they use two.
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他們用了兩個單位。
05:26
This group uses使用 three, one each.
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這個族群用了三個單位, 每十億人用一個單位
05:28
And they also have electricity電力.
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他們也擁有電力
05:30
And over there they don't even use one each.
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但這裡, 他們幾乎每十億人用不到一個單位
05:33
That makes品牌 12 of them.
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這樣總共是十二單位的能源
05:35
But the main主要 concern關心
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但是, 主要的問題是,
05:37
for the environmentally-interested環保感興趣 students學生們 -- and they are right --
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對於關心環保的學生們而言 -- 他們是對的 --
05:40
is about the future未來.
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是未來的狀況。
05:42
What are the trends趨勢? If we just prolong延長 the trends趨勢,
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趨勢會是如何呢? 如果我們將趨勢線延伸,
05:45
without any real真實 advanced高級 analysis分析, to 2050,
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一直到 2050 年, 不做任何進階的分析,
05:48
there are two things that can increase增加 the energy能源 use.
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有兩件事會造成能源消耗的增加
05:51
First, population人口 growth發展.
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第一, 人口的成長
05:53
Second第二, economic經濟 growth發展.
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第二, 經濟的成長
05:55
Population人口 growth發展 will mainly主要 occur發生 among其中 the poorest最窮 people here
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人口的增加主要發生在最貧窮的人們這邊,
05:58
because they have high child兒童 mortality死亡
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因為他們有較高的兒童死亡率,
06:00
and they have many許多 children孩子 per woman女人.
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同時每個女人的平均生育數也比較多
06:02
And [with] that you will get two extra額外,
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於是, 這邊就會多出兩個,
06:04
but that won't慣於 change更改 the energy能源 use very much.
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但這並不太會造成能源使用量的改變
06:06
What will happen發生 is economic經濟 growth發展.
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接下來的是經濟成長
06:09
The best最好 of here in the emerging新興 economies經濟 --
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這邊所發生的經濟成長 --
06:11
I call them the New East --
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我稱之為新東方 --
06:13
they will jump the air空氣 line.
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他們會跳過天際線
06:15
"WoppWopp!" they will say.
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他們將會說, "跳!"
06:17
And they will start開始 to use as much as the Old West西 are doing already已經.
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接著他們會開始使用跟舊西方一樣多的能源耗用量
06:20
And these people, they want the washing洗滌 machine.
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而那些人們, 他們想要有洗衣機
06:23
I told you. They'll他們會 go there.
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我說過的,他們將會移動到這裡。
06:25
And they will double their energy能源 use.
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於是他們會增加兩倍的能源使用量
06:27
And we hope希望 that the poor較差的 people will get into the electric電動 light.
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而我們希望貧窮的人們能夠開始使用電燈
06:30
And they'll他們會 get a two-child雙童 family家庭 without a stop in population人口 growth發展.
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接著他們會擁有兩個小孩的家庭而不會阻止人口成長
06:32
But the total energy能源 consumption消費
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但是能源的總耗用量
06:34
will increase增加 to 22 units單位.
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將會增加到 22 單位
06:36
And these 22 units單位 --
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而這 22 單位的主要使用者
06:39
still the richest首富 people use most of it.
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仍然是最有錢的那些人
06:43
So what needs需求 to be doneDONE?
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所以, 我們該做些什麼呢?
06:45
Because the risk風險,
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由於目前所存在的風險,
06:47
the high probability可能性 of climate氣候 change更改 is real真實.
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關於氣候變遷的高度可能性是存在的
06:50
It's real真實.
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這是真實的事情
06:52
Of course課程 they must必須 be more energy-efficient高效節能.
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當然, 他們必須更有效率的使用能源
06:55
They must必須 change更改 behavior行為 in some way.
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他們必須改變使用習慣
06:57
They must必須 also start開始 to produce生產 green綠色 energy能源,
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他們也必須開始製造綠色能源,
06:59
much more green綠色 energy能源.
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更多的綠色能源
07:01
But until直到 they have the same相同 energy能源 consumption消費 per person,
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但, 在他們能夠作到同樣的能源耗用之前,
07:04
they shouldn't不能 give advice忠告 to others其他 --
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他們不應該去建議別人 --
07:06
what to do and what not to do.
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什麼該做, 什麼是不該做的。
07:08
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
07:10
Here we can get more green綠色 energy能源 all over.
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這樣我們可以在整體上獲得更多綠色能源
07:14
This is what we hope希望 may可能 happen發生.
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這是我們期望發生的事
07:16
It's a real真實 challenge挑戰 in the future未來.
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這在未來是一大挑戰
07:19
But I can assure保證 you that this woman女人 in the favela貧民窟 in Rio里約熱內盧,
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但是我向你保證, 在里約貧民窟中的這個女人,
07:22
she wants a washing洗滌 machine.
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她想要有洗衣機
07:24
She's very happy快樂 about her minister部長 of energy能源
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她很高興她那位能源部長
07:27
that provided提供 electricity電力 to everyone大家 --
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能夠提供給每個人民電力 --
07:29
so happy快樂 that she even voted for her.
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所以人們都樂意投票給她
07:32
And she became成為 Dilma迪爾瑪 Rousseff羅塞芙,
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而她就是 Dilma Rousseff,
07:34
the president-elect當選總統
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在這世界中最大的民主國家之一
07:36
of one of the biggest最大 democracies民主 in the world世界 --
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的總統當選者 --
07:38
moving移動 from minister部長 of energy能源 to president主席.
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從能源部長變成了總統
07:41
If you have democracy民主,
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如果你有民主制度,
07:43
people will vote投票 for washing洗滌 machines.
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人們會為了洗衣機而投票
07:45
They love them.
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他們喜歡洗衣機
07:49
And what's the magic魔法 with them?
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它們神奇的地方在哪兒?
07:51
My mother母親 explained解釋 the magic魔法 with this machine
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我媽媽在使用洗衣機的第一天
07:54
the very, very first day.
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解釋洗衣機的神奇之處給我聽
07:56
She said, "Now Hans漢斯,
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她說, "現在 Hans,
07:58
we have loaded the laundry洗衣店.
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我們把衣物放了進去;
08:00
The machine will make the work.
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洗衣機就會把衣物洗好
08:02
And now we can go to the library圖書館."
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所以現在我們可以去圖書館了。"
08:04
Because this is the magic魔法:
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由於這個神奇的事情:
08:06
you load加載 the laundry洗衣店,
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你把衣物放進去以後,
08:08
and what do you get out of the machine?
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你可以藉由洗衣機得到什麼?
08:10
You get books圖書 out of the machines,
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你可以藉由洗衣機得到書本,
08:13
children's兒童 books圖書.
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兒童讀物。
08:15
And mother母親 got time to read for me.
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而媽媽有空可以念給我聽
08:17
She loved喜愛 this. I got the "ABC's美國廣播公司" --
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她喜歡這件事,我得到了 "ABC"
08:19
this is where I started開始 my career事業 as a professor教授,
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這是我以教授作為工作的起點,
08:22
when my mother母親 had time to read for me.
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在我媽媽有空念給我聽之後
08:24
And she also got books圖書 for herself她自己.
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她也為自己得到了一些書
08:26
She managed管理 to study研究 English英語
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她開始唸英文,
08:28
and learn學習 that as a foreign國外 language語言.
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學習這個作為第一外語
08:30
And she read so many許多 novels小說,
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她讀了許多小說,
08:32
so many許多 different不同 novels小說 here.
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許多不同的小說
08:35
And we really, we really loved喜愛 this machine.
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我們真的很愛洗衣機
08:39
And what we said, my mother母親 and me,
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而媽媽和我想說的是,
08:42
"Thank you industrialization工業化.
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"謝謝工業化
08:45
Thank you steel mill.
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謝謝鋼鐵廠
08:47
Thank you power功率 station.
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謝謝電廠
08:49
And thank you chemical化學 processing處理 industry行業
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謝謝化學製品工業,
08:52
that gave us time to read books圖書."
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給予我們唸書的時間。"
08:54
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝大家
08:56
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by kane tan
Reviewed by Wang-Ju Tsai

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.

Why you should listen

Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.

What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.

Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.

Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)

Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.

Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.


More profile about the speaker
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com