TEDWomen 2010
Hans Rosling: The magic washing machine
Hans Rosling in čarobni pralni stroj
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Kaj je bil največji izum industrijske revolucije? Hans Rosling nam predstavi pralni stroj. Z novimi prikazi iz Gapminder-ja, nam Rosling pokaže čarovnijo, ki se pojavi, ko ekonomska rast in elektrika spremenita dolgočasen dan pranja perila v intelektualni dan branja.
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I was only four years old
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Bil sem star samo 4 leta
00:17
when I saw my mother load a washing machine
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ko sem videl svojo mamo nalagati perilo v pralni stroj
00:20
for the very first time in her life.
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prvič v njenem življenju.
00:23
That was a great day for my mother.
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To je bil velik dan za mojo mamo.
00:25
My mother and father had been saving money for years
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Moja mama in oče sta varčevala leta in leta
00:28
to be able to buy that machine,
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da sta lahko kupila to napravo
00:30
and the first day it was going to be used,
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in ko naj bi ga prvič uporabili
00:32
even Grandma was invited
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smo povabili celo babico,
00:34
to see the machine.
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da ga bo videla.
00:36
And Grandma was even more excited.
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in babica je bila še bolj vznemirjena.
00:39
Throughout her life
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Skozi svoje celo življenje
00:41
she had been heating water with firewood,
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je grela vodo na ognjišču
00:43
and she had hand washed laundry
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in z rokami prala perilo
00:45
for seven children.
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za sedem otrok.
00:47
And now she was going to watch
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In zdaj bo videla
00:50
electricity do that work.
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kako elektrika opravlja to delo.
00:53
My mother carefully opened the door,
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Moja mama je pazljivo odprla vrata
00:57
and she loaded the laundry
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in naložila perilo
00:59
into the machine,
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v stroj,
01:01
like this.
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takole.
01:03
And then, when she closed the door,
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In potem, ko je zaprla vrata,
01:05
Grandma said, "No, no, no, no.
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je babica rekla, "Ne, ne, ne, ne.
01:07
Let me, let me push the button."
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Naj jaz, naj jaz pritisnem na gumb."
01:11
And Grandma pushed the button,
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In babica je pritisnila na gumb
01:13
and she said, "Oh, fantastic!
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in rekla, "Oh, fantastično!
01:16
I want to see this! Give me a chair!
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To hočem videti! Dajte mi stol!
01:18
Give me a chair! I want to see it,"
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Dajte mi stol! To hočem videti! "
01:20
and she sat down in front of the machine,
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in usedla se je pred pralni stroj,
01:23
and she watched the entire washing program.
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in gledala celoten pralni program.
01:27
She was mesmerized.
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Bila je očarana.
01:29
To my grandmother,
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Za mojo babico,
01:32
the washing machine was a miracle.
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je bil pralni stroj čudež.
01:35
Today, in Sweden and other rich countries,
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Danes, na Švedskem in v drugih bogatih državah
01:38
people are using
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ljudje uporabljajo
01:40
so many different machines.
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toliko različnih naprav.
01:42
Look, the homes are full of machines.
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Poglejte, domovi so jih polni.
01:44
I can't even name them all.
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Vseh sploh ne znam poimenovati.
01:46
And they also, when they want to travel,
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In prav tako, ko hočejo potovati,
01:49
they use flying machines
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uporabljajo naprave za letenje
01:52
that can take them to remote destinations.
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ki jih lahko odpeljejo na oddaljene kraje.
01:54
And yet, in the world, there are so many people
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Ampak, na svetu je še vedno toliko ljudi
01:56
who still heat the water on fire,
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ki še zmeraj grejejo vodo na ognjišču
01:59
and they cook their food on fire.
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in kuhajo hrano na ognjišču.
02:02
Sometimes they don't even have enough food,
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Včasih nimajo niti dovolj hrane
02:04
and they live below the poverty line.
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in živijo pod mejo revščine.
02:07
There are two billion fellow human beings
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Na svetu sta dve miljardi soljudi
02:10
who live on less than two dollars a day.
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ki živita z manj kot dvema dolarjema na dan.
02:12
And the richest people over there --
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In najbogatejši ljudje tukaj --
02:14
there's one billion people --
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to je ena miljarda--
02:16
and they live above what I call the "air line,"
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živijo nad, kot jaz temu pravim "zračno linijo"
02:20
because they spend more than $80 a day
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ker porabijo več kot 80$ na dan
02:23
on their consumption.
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za svoje potrebe.
02:25
But this is just one, two, three billion people,
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Ampak to je samo ena, dva, tri miljarde ljudi,
02:28
and obviously there are seven billion people in the world,
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in seveda je na svetu sedem miljard ljudi,
02:31
so there must be one, two, three, four billion people more
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zato nam manjka še ena, dva, tri, štiri miljarde ljudi
02:34
who live in between the poverty and the air line.
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ki živijo med mejo revščine in zračno linijo.
02:37
They have electricity,
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Oni imajo elektriko,
02:40
but the question is, how many have washing machines?
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ampak vprašanje je, koliko jih ima pralni stroj?
02:43
I've done the scrutiny of market data,
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Naredil sem pregled podatkov na trgu
02:46
and I've found that, indeed,
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in odkril da, res,
02:48
the washing machine has penetrated below the air line,
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je pralni stroj prestopil zračno linijo
02:51
and today there's an additional one billion people out there
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in zdaj je na svetu dodatna miljarda ljudi
02:54
who live above the "wash line."
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ki živijo nad "pralno linijo".
02:57
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:59
And they consume more than $40 per day.
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In oni porabijo več kot 40$ na dan.
03:03
So two billion have access to washing machines.
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Torej dve miljardi ljudi imata dostop do pralnega stroja.
03:06
And the remaining five billion,
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In preostalih pet miljard,
03:08
how do they wash?
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kako perejo oni?
03:10
Or, to be more precise,
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Oziroma, bodimo bolj natančni,
03:12
how do most of the women in the world wash?
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kako pere večina žensk na svetu?
03:15
Because it remains hard work for women to wash.
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Ker pranje perila še zmeraj ostaja težko delo za ženske.
03:19
They wash like this: by hand.
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Takole perejo: na roke.
03:22
It's a hard, time-consuming labor,
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To je težko, zamudno delo,
03:26
which they have to do for hours every week.
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ki ga opravljajo ure in ure vsak teden.
03:29
And sometimes they also have to bring water from far away
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In včasih morajo vodo prinesti od daleč stran
03:32
to do the laundry at home,
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da lahko perejo doma,
03:34
or they have to bring the laundry away to a stream far off.
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ali pa morajo prinesti perilo k potoku daleč stran.
03:38
And they want the washing machine.
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In one hočejo pralni stroj.
03:41
They don't want to spend such a large part of their life
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Nočejo zapraviti tako velikega dela življenja
03:44
doing this hard work
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z opravljanjem tega težkega dela
03:46
with so relatively low productivity.
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z relativno malo produktivnostjo.
03:48
And there's nothing different in their wish
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In njihova želja ni prav nič drugačna
03:50
than it was for my grandma.
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kot je bila želja moje babice.
03:52
Look here, two generations ago in Sweden --
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Poglejte tukaj, dve generaciji nazaj na Švedskem --
03:55
picking water from the stream,
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zbiranje vode v potoku,
03:57
heating with firewood and washing like that.
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gretje na ognjišču in pranje.
04:00
They want the washing machine in exactly the same way.
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Prav tako si želijo pralnega stroja kot oni.
04:03
But when I lecture to environmentally-concerned students,
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Ampak ko predavam okoljsko ozaveščenim študentom
04:06
they tell me, "No, everybody in the world cannot have cars and washing machines."
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mi pravijo, "Ne, vsak na svetu ne more imeti avtomobila in pralnega stroja."
04:11
How can we tell this woman
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Kako lahko rečemo tej ženski,
04:13
that she ain't going to have a washing machine?
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da ne bo imela pralnega stroja?
04:15
And then I ask my students,
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In nato vprašam svoje študente,
04:17
I've asked them -- over the last two years I've asked,
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sprašujem jih zadnji dve leti,
04:19
"How many of you doesn't use a car?"
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"Kdo od vas ne uporablja avtomobila?"
04:21
And some of them proudly raise their hand
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In nekateri od njih ponosno dvignejo roko
04:23
and say, "I don't use a car."
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in rečejo: "Ne uporabljam avtomobila."
04:25
And then I put the really tough question:
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In nato jim zastavim res težko vprašanje:
04:27
"How many of you
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"Koliko od vas
04:29
hand-wash your jeans and your bed sheets?"
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si na roke pere kavbojke in rjuhe?"
04:31
And no one raised their hand.
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In nihče ne dvigne roke.
04:34
Even the hardcore in the green movement
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Celo najbolj zagrizeni v "zelenem gibanju"
04:37
use washing machines.
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uporabljajo pralni stroj.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:43
So how come [this is] something that everyone uses
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Kako je torej to stvar, ki jo vsi uporabljajo
04:45
and they think others will not stop it? What is special with this?
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in mislijo, da je drugi ne bodo? Kaj je posebnega na tem?
04:48
I had to do an analysis about the energy used in the world.
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Moral sem narediti analizo porabe energije na svetu.
04:51
Here we are.
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Tukaj je.
04:53
Look here, you see the seven billion people up there:
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Poglejte, tu lahko vidite 7 miljard ljudi:
04:55
the air people, the wash people,
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Ljudje v zraku, ljudje s pralnim strojem,
04:57
the bulb people and the fire people.
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ljudje z žarnico in ljudje z ognjiščem.
05:00
One unit like this
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Ena enota tu
05:02
is an energy unit of fossil fuel --
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je energijska enota fosilnega goriva --
05:05
oil, coal or gas.
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olje, premog ali plin.
05:07
That's what most of electricity and the energy in the world is.
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To je večina elektrike in energije na svetu.
05:11
And it's 12 units used in the entire world,
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In to je 12 enot za cel svet,
05:14
and the richest one billion, they use six of them.
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in najbogatejša miljarda ljudi, oni jih porabijo šest.
05:17
Half of the energy is used by one seventh of the world's population.
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Polovico energije porabi sedmina prebivalstva.
05:20
And these ones who have washing machines,
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In tile tu, ki imajo pralni stroj,
05:22
but not a house full of other machines,
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a ne hiše polne drugih naprav,
05:24
they use two.
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oni porabijo dve.
05:26
This group uses three, one each.
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ta skupina porabi tri, vsak eno.
05:28
And they also have electricity.
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In oni imajo prav tako elektriko.
05:30
And over there they don't even use one each.
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In oni tam ne porabijo niti ene enote.
05:33
That makes 12 of them.
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Tako jih je 12.
05:35
But the main concern
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Ampak glavna skrb
05:37
for the environmentally-interested students -- and they are right --
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okoljsko zaskrbljenih študentov -- in prav imajo --
05:40
is about the future.
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se tiče prihodnosti.
05:42
What are the trends? If we just prolong the trends,
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Kakšni so trendi? Če samo projeciramo trende
05:45
without any real advanced analysis, to 2050,
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brez kakršnekoli napredne analize, do leta 2050,
05:48
there are two things that can increase the energy use.
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sta tu dve stvari ki lahko povečata porabo energije.
05:51
First, population growth.
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Prvič, rast prebivalstva.
05:53
Second, economic growth.
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Drugič, ekonomska rast.
05:55
Population growth will mainly occur among the poorest people here
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Rast prebivalstva se bo zgodila večinoma med najbolj revnimi ljudmi tu,
05:58
because they have high child mortality
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ker imajo veliko umrljivost otrok
06:00
and they have many children per woman.
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in veliko otrok na žensko.
06:02
And [with] that you will get two extra,
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In s tem dobite dve dodatni miljardi,
06:04
but that won't change the energy use very much.
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ampak to ne bo veliko spremenilo porabe energije.
06:06
What will happen is economic growth.
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Kar se bo zgodilo, je ekonomska rast.
06:09
The best of here in the emerging economies --
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Najboljši tu izmed rastočih gospodarstev --
06:11
I call them the New East --
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jaz jim pravim Novi vzhod --
06:13
they will jump the air line.
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preskočili bodo zračno linijo.
06:15
"Wopp!" they will say.
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"Hop!" bodo rekli.
06:17
And they will start to use as much as the Old West are doing already.
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In začeli bodo porabljati toliko kot stari zahod počne že sedaj.
06:20
And these people, they want the washing machine.
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In ti ljudje, hočejo pralni stroj.
06:23
I told you. They'll go there.
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Povedal sem vam. Prišli bodo tja.
06:25
And they will double their energy use.
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In podvojili bodo porabo energije.
06:27
And we hope that the poor people will get into the electric light.
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In upamo da bodo revni ljudje dobili električno luč.
06:30
And they'll get a two-child family without a stop in population growth.
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In dobili bodo družino z dvema otrokoma brez da bi se ustavila rast prebivalstva.
06:32
But the total energy consumption
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Ampak celotna poraba energije
06:34
will increase to 22 units.
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se bo povečala na 22 enot.
06:36
And these 22 units --
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In teh 22 enot --
06:39
still the richest people use most of it.
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še zmeraj bodo najbogatejši porabili največji del.
06:43
So what needs to be done?
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Kaj moramo torej storiti?
06:45
Because the risk,
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Ker tveganje,
06:47
the high probability of climate change is real.
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velika verjetnost klimatskih sprememb, je resnična.
06:50
It's real.
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Resnična je.
06:52
Of course they must be more energy-efficient.
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Seveda morajo biti bolj učinkoviti pri rabi energije.
06:55
They must change behavior in some way.
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Spremeniti morajo svoje obnašanje na nek način.
06:57
They must also start to produce green energy,
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Prav tako morajo začeti s proizvodnjo zelene energije,
06:59
much more green energy.
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veliko več zelene energije.
07:01
But until they have the same energy consumption per person,
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Ampak dokler imajo enako porabo energije po osebi,
07:04
they shouldn't give advice to others --
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ne bi smeli svetovati drugim --
07:06
what to do and what not to do.
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kaj naj počnejo in kaj ne.
07:08
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
07:10
Here we can get more green energy all over.
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Tukaj lahko dobimo več zelene energije.
07:14
This is what we hope may happen.
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To upamo da se bo zgodilo.
07:16
It's a real challenge in the future.
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To je pravi izziv za prihodnost.
07:19
But I can assure you that this woman in the favela in Rio,
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Ampak lahko vam zagotovim da si ta ženska v faveli v Riu
07:22
she wants a washing machine.
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želi pralnega stroja.
07:24
She's very happy about her minister of energy
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Zelo je zadovoljna s svojo ministrico za energijo
07:27
that provided electricity to everyone --
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ki je vsem priskrbela elektriko --
07:29
so happy that she even voted for her.
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tako zadovoljna da je celo volila zanjo.
07:32
And she became Dilma Rousseff,
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In ona je postala Dilma Roisseff,
07:34
the president-elect
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izvoljena predsednica
07:36
of one of the biggest democracies in the world --
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ene izmed največjih demokracij na svetu --
07:38
moving from minister of energy to president.
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premaknila se s položaja ministrice za energijo na položaj predsednice.
07:41
If you have democracy,
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Če imate demokracijo,
07:43
people will vote for washing machines.
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bodo ljudje glasovali za pralne stroje.
07:45
They love them.
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Ljubijo jih.
07:49
And what's the magic with them?
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In v čem je njihova čarovnija?
07:51
My mother explained the magic with this machine
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Moja mama mi je razložila čarovnijo tega stroja
07:54
the very, very first day.
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čisto prvi dan.
07:56
She said, "Now Hans,
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Rekla je, "Zdaj Hans,
07:58
we have loaded the laundry.
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sva naložila perilo.
08:00
The machine will make the work.
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Stroj bo opravil svoje delo.
08:02
And now we can go to the library."
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In midva greva lahko v knjižnico."
08:04
Because this is the magic:
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Ker to je čarovnija:
08:06
you load the laundry,
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naložiš perilo,
08:08
and what do you get out of the machine?
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in kaj dobiš ven iz stroja?
08:10
You get books out of the machines,
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Knjige dobiš iz njega,
08:13
children's books.
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otroške knjige.
08:15
And mother got time to read for me.
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In mama je imela čas da mi je lahko brala.
08:17
She loved this. I got the "ABC's" --
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Bila je navdušena. Dobil sem Abecedo --
08:19
this is where I started my career as a professor,
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tu sem začel svojo kariero kot profesor,
08:22
when my mother had time to read for me.
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ko je moja mama imela čas da mi je lahko brala.
08:24
And she also got books for herself.
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In dobila je knjige tudi zase.
08:26
She managed to study English
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Uspela se je učiti angleško
08:28
and learn that as a foreign language.
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in se je naučila kot tuj jezik.
08:30
And she read so many novels,
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In toliko romanov je prebrala,
08:32
so many different novels here.
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toliko različnih romanov.
08:35
And we really, we really loved this machine.
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In res, res smo imeli radi ta stroj.
08:39
And what we said, my mother and me,
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In to sva rekla, moja mama in jaz,
08:42
"Thank you industrialization.
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"Hvala industrializacija.
08:45
Thank you steel mill.
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Hvala jeklarna.
08:47
Thank you power station.
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Hvala elektrarna.
08:49
And thank you chemical processing industry
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In hvala industrija kemične predelave,
08:52
that gave us time to read books."
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da si nam dala čas za branje knjig."
08:54
Thank you very much.
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Najlepša hvala.
08:56
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionaryIn Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.
Why you should listen
Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.
What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.
Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.
Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)
Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.
Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com