ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cesar Harada - Inventor, environmentalist, educator
TED Senior Fellow Cesar Harada aims to harness the forces of nature as he invents innovative remedies for man-made problems like oil spills and radioactive leaks.

Why you should listen

Cesar Harada believes that ocean currents, the wind and other naturally occuring phenomenon can provide unique inspiration and novel solutions to mankind’s worst disasters, like oil spills and radioactive leaks. A French-Japanese inventor and TED senior fellow, he is the creator of Protei, a revolutionary sailing technology -- featuring a front rudder, flexible hull and open-soure hardware -- that allows for efficient clean up of both oil and plastics from the sea. Currently based in London, Harada recently traveled to Japan and is designing Protei to measure radioactivity along the country's coast.

The general coordinator of the future International Ocean Station, Harada teaches at Goldsmiths University London. A former project leader at MIT, he graduated form the Royal College of Arts Design Interactions in London and worked at the Southampton University Hydrodynamics laboratory on wave energy. Harada has also studied animantion, and his films and installations have been seen at festivals and events across the world, from the United States to Japan.

More profile about the speaker
Cesar Harada | Speaker | TED.com
TED Fellows Retreat 2015

Cesar Harada: How I teach kids to love science

原田実: 教孩子愛上科學的方法

Filmed:
1,776,679 views

在香港港灣小學,原田実教授公民科學及發明課,培養下一世代的環境學家。他把教室搬到一個多用途工業空間,讓小孩能夠做木工、金工,也能做化學、生物、光學等的實驗,偶爾也可以使用電動重型工具來創造原型解決海洋問題。在這個過程中,他實踐了少時父母教導他的一課:「你可以把地方搞亂,但你要負責清理。」
- Inventor, environmentalist, educator
TED Senior Fellow Cesar Harada aims to harness the forces of nature as he invents innovative remedies for man-made problems like oil spills and radioactive leaks. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
When I was a kid孩子,
my parents父母 would tell me,
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當我還是一個小孩的時候,我的父母會跟我說
00:16
"You can make a mess食堂,
but you have to clean清潔 up after yourself你自己."
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「你可以把地方搞亂,但你要負責清理。」
00:20
So freedom自由 came來了 with responsibility責任.
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所以--自由的代價是責任
00:23
But my imagination想像力 would take me
to all these wonderful精彩 places地方,
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但是我卻可以通過我的想像力
到達那些美好的、一切皆有可能的地方
00:27
where everything was possible可能.
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00:29
So I grew成長 up in a bubble泡沫 of innocence無辜 --
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所以我很天真地慢慢長大
00:32
or a bubble泡沫 of ignorance無知, I should say,
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或許應該說,很無知地慢慢長大了
00:34
because adults成年人 would lie謊言 to us
to protect保護 us from the ugly醜陋 truth真相.
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因為大人們總是會撒謊,
不告訴我們醜陋的事實
00:39
And growing生長 up, I found發現 out
that adults成年人 make a mess食堂,
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當我長大的時候,
我發現大人也會把事情搞亂
00:43
and they're not very good
at cleaning清潔的 up after themselves他們自己.
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而且他們並不是很擅長清理這些亂局
00:47
Fast快速 forward前鋒, I am an adult成人 now,
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我現在已經是個大人了
00:49
and I teach citizen公民 science科學 and invention發明
at the Hong香港 Kong Harbour港口 School學校.
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我在香港港灣小學教公民科學和發明課
00:54
And it doesn't take too long
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過了沒多久
00:55
before my students學生們 walk步行 on a beach海灘
and stumble絆倒 upon piles of trash垃圾.
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我的學生就在沙灘上發現了大堆的垃圾
01:00
So as good citizens公民,
we clean清潔 up the beaches海灘 --
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所以作為好公民,
我們清理了沙灘上的垃圾
01:02
and no, he is not drinking alcohol,
and if he is, I did not give it to him.
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嗯他不是在喝酒,就算是,
酒也不是我給的
(笑聲)
01:07
(Laughter笑聲)
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01:09
And so it's sad傷心 to say,
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很悲哀的是
01:11
but today今天 more than 80 percent百分
of the oceans海洋 have plastic塑料 in them.
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今天超過80%的海洋空間裡有塑膠垃圾
01:15
It's a horrifying可怕的 fact事實.
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這是一個很可怕的事實
01:16
And in past過去 decades幾十年,
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在過去幾十年裡
01:18
we've我們已經 been taking服用 those big ships船舶 out
and those big nets,
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我們開著大船,用巨大的魚網
01:21
and we collect蒐集 those plastic塑料 bits
that we look at under a microscope顯微鏡,
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撈起海裡的塑膠並把它們放到顯微鏡下觀察
01:25
and we sort分類 them,
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我們把塑膠分類
01:26
and then we put this data數據 onto a map地圖.
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然後把收集到的資料放在地圖上
01:28
But that takes forever永遠,
it's very expensive昂貴,
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但這需要很多的時間,成本也很高
01:30
and so it's quite相當 risky有風險
to take those big boats out.
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並且用這些大船是很有風險的
01:33
So with my students學生們, ages年齡 six to 15,
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我和我的學生,
他們年紀從6歲到15歲不等
01:36
we've我們已經 been dreaming做夢
of inventing發明了 a better way.
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我們一直夢想發明一個更好的方法來處理
01:39
So we've我們已經 transformed改造 our tiny
Hong香港 Kong classroom課堂 into a workshop作坊.
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所以我們把這個小小的香港教室變成工作室
01:43
And so we started開始 building建造
this small workbench工作台,
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我們建造了一個小型的工作台
01:46
with different不同 heights高度,
so even really short kids孩子 can participate參加.
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高度可以調整,矮小的學生也能參與
01:49
And let me tell you, kids孩子 with power功率 tools工具
are awesome真棒 and safe安全.
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你也許不知道,
小孩使用重型工具其實很棒也很安全
01:53
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:55
Not really.
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剛剛是說笑的
01:56
And so, back to plastic塑料.
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所以,回到塑膠這個主題
01:58
We collect蒐集 this plastic塑料 and we grind研磨 it
to the size尺寸 we find it in the ocean海洋,
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我們收集了一些塑膠,
把它研磨到海洋垃圾的大小
02:01
which哪一個 is very small
because it breaks休息 down.
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也就是說非常小,塑膠在海裡會被分解
02:04
And so this is how we work.
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然後這是我們工作的方式
02:05
I let the imaginations想像
of my students學生們 run wild野生.
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我讓學生們自由想像
02:08
And my job工作 is to try to collect蒐集
the best最好 of each kid's孩子的 idea理念
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我的工作是從他們的想法中挑出最好的部分
02:12
and try to combine結合 it into something
that hopefully希望 would work.
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嘗試把這些部分合併成一個有效的方案
02:17
And so we have agreed約定
that instead代替 of collecting蒐集 plastic塑料 bits,
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所以我們決定了不收集海洋垃圾
02:21
we are going to collect蒐集 only the data數據.
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改而收集相關數據
02:23
So we're going to get an image圖片
of the plastic塑料 with a robot機器人 --
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我們會用機器人來取得塑膠垃圾的影像
02:26
so robots機器人, kids孩子 get very excited興奮.
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說到機器人,當然了,小孩都非常興奮
02:28
And the next下一個 thing we do --
we do what we call "rapid快速 prototyping原型."
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我們接下來做了快速原型(rapid prototyping)
02:31
We are so rapid快速 at prototyping原型
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我們做快速原型的速度超快
02:33
that the lunch午餐 is still in the lunchbox便當盒
when we're hacking黑客 it.
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因此當我們做完時,午餐還在盒子裏面。
02:36
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:37
And we hack table lamps燈具 and webcams攝像頭,
into plumbing水暖 fixtures燈具
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我們把檯燈和網路攝影機安裝到抽水系統上
02:42
and we assemble集合 that into a floating漂浮的 robot機器人
that will be slowly慢慢地 moving移動 through通過 water
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然後把它合裝成一個可以在水上緩慢移動的機器人
02:47
and through通過 the plastic塑料
that we have there --
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從我們收集到的塑膠垃圾影像
02:49
and this is the image圖片
that we get in the robot機器人.
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這是其中一個機器人收集到的影像
02:51
So we see the plastic塑料 pieces
floating漂浮的 slowly慢慢地 through通過 the sensor傳感器,
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我們可以看到塑膠碎片慢慢流過感應器
02:55
and the computer電腦 on board
will process處理 this image圖片,
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電腦會分析這些影像
02:58
and measure測量 the size尺寸 of each particle粒子,
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計算出每顆塑膠的大小
03:00
so we have a rough estimate估計
of how much plastic塑料 there is in the water.
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所以我們可以粗略估算水裡有多少塑膠
03:05
So we documented記錄
this invention發明 step by step
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我們把這個發明過程紀錄下來
03:08
on a website網站 for inventors發明家
called InstructablesInstructables,
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發佈在一個叫做Instructables的發明家社群裡
03:11
in the hope希望 that somebody
would make it even better.
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希望有人可以讓它變得更好
03:15
What was really cool about this project項目
was that the students學生們 saw a local本地 problem問題,
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這個項目的有趣之處在於
學生看到了一個本地問題
03:19
and boom繁榮 -- they are trying
to immediately立即 address地址 it.
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然後他們馬上就開始嘗試解決它
03:22
[I can investigate調查 my local本地 problem問題]
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(我可以研究在身邊發現的問題)
03:24
But my students學生們 in Hong香港 Kong
are hyperconnected超級連接 kids孩子.
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但我在香港的學生很會利用網路
03:28
And they watch the news新聞,
they watch the Internet互聯網,
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他們會看新聞,他們會上網
03:30
and they came來了 across橫過 this image圖片.
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然後他們剛好看到這張照片
03:33
This was a child兒童, probably大概 under 10,
cleaning清潔的 up an oil spill bare-handed徒手,
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一個不到10歲的小孩正赤手空拳處理油污
03:38
in the Sundarbans鬆達, which哪一個 is the world's世界
largest最大 mangrove紅樹 forest森林 in Bangladesh孟加拉國.
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在孟加拉孫德爾本斯地區,
全球最大的紅樹林之一
03:43
So they were very shocked吃驚,
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我的學生們非常震驚
03:45
because this is the water they drink,
this is the water they bathe洗澡 in,
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因為這是當地居民食用、洗澡用的水
03:48
this is the water they fish in --
this is the place地點 where they live生活.
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他們也在這水裡捕魚,
這就是他們的家
03:52
And also you can see the water is brown棕色,
the mud is brown棕色 and oil is brown棕色,
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你可以看到水是棕色的,
泥土和油污同一種顏色
03:56
so when everything is mixed up,
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所以當它們被混在一起時
03:57
it's really hard to see
what's in the water.
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很難看到水裡有甚麼
04:00
But, there's a technology技術
that's rather simple簡單,
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不過有一種蠻簡單的科技
04:02
that's called spectrometry,
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叫做光譜測量(spectrometry)
04:04
that allows允許 you see what's in the water.
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可以讓你看到水裡有甚麼東西
04:06
So we built內置 a rough prototype原型
of a spectrometer光譜儀,
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所以我們做了一個光譜測量的快速原型
04:09
and you can shine閃耀 light
through通過 different不同 substances物質
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你可以把光照到不同的物質上
04:12
that produce生產 different不同 spectrums頻譜,
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然後產出不同的光譜
04:14
so that can help you
identify鑑定 what's in the water.
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這可以幫助你分辨出水裡含有甚麼物質
04:18
So we packed打包 this prototype原型 of a sensor傳感器,
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我們把這個感應器原型包裝好
04:21
and we shipped it to Bangladesh孟加拉國.
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寄到了孟加拉
04:23
So what was cool about this project項目
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這個項目有趣的地方在於
04:25
was that beyond addressing解決
a local本地 problem問題,
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它不只是解決一個本地問題
04:28
or looking at a local本地 problem問題,
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或是研究一個本地問題
04:30
my students學生們 used their empathy同情
and their sense of being存在 creative創作的
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我的學生們用同理心和創意
04:34
to help, remotely遠程, other kids孩子.
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幫助遠方的其他孩子
04:36
[I can investigate調查 a remote遠程 problem問題]
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(我可以研究一個遠方的問題)
04:38
So I was very compelled被迫
by doing the second第二 experiments實驗,
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做完這些實驗後我得到很多動力
04:40
and I wanted to take it even further進一步 --
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想要把這些計劃更推進一步
04:43
maybe addressing解決 an even harder更難 problem問題,
and it's also closer接近 to my heart.
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可能是解決更複雜的問題,
也是我更想做的事情
我是日法混血兒
04:48
So I'm half Japanese日本 and half French法國,
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04:51
and maybe you remember記得 in 2011
there was a massive大規模的 earthquake地震 in Japan日本.
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你可能會記得2011年日本那場巨大的地震
04:57
It was so violent暴力 that it triggered觸發
several一些 giant巨人 waves波浪 --
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地震嚴重到引發了好幾波的巨浪
05:00
they are called tsunami海嘯 --
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也就是海嘯
05:02
and those tsunami海嘯 destroyed銷毀 many許多 cities城市
on the eastern coast of Japan日本.
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這些海嘯摧毀了日本東邊許多海岸城市
05:10
More than 14,000 people
died死亡 in an instant瞬間.
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超過14,000人在一瞬間喪生
05:15
Also, it damaged破損 the nuclear
power功率 plant of Fukushima福島,
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海嘯也破壞了福島的核電廠
05:19
the nuclear power功率 plant just by the water.
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那個正好座落於海邊的核電廠
05:22
And today今天, I read the reports報告
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今天我看著報告
05:24
and an average平均 of 300 tons
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約300噸的核污水
05:28
are leaking洩漏 from the nuclear power功率 plant
into the Pacific和平的 Ocean海洋.
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正從核電廠流到太平洋
05:31
And today今天 the whole整個 Pacific和平的 Ocean海洋
has traces痕跡 of contamination污染 of cesium-銫-137.
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所以今天整個太平洋都含有微量的銫-137元素
05:38
If you go outside on the West西 Coast,
you can measure測量 Fukushima福島 everywhere到處.
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如果你到美國西岸,
到處都可以測量到福島的痕跡
05:42
But if you look at the map地圖,
it can look like most of the radioactivity放射性
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但當你看著地圖,
似乎大部分的核元素
05:45
has been washed away
from the Japanese日本 coast,
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都被海水帶離了日本的海岸
05:47
and most of it is now --
it looks容貌 like it's safe安全, it's blue藍色.
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大部分的核元素現在--
這裡看起來是安全的藍色
05:50
Well, reality現實 is a bit
more complicated複雜 than this.
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嗯,其實現實情況比較複雜
05:54
So I've been going to Fukushima福島
every一切 year since以來 the accident事故,
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核災後我每年都會到福島一次
05:57
and I measure測量 independently獨立地
and with other scientists科學家們,
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我和其他科學家一起進行獨立調查
06:00
on land土地, in the river --
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在土地上,在河流裡
06:02
and this time we wanted to take the kids孩子.
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這次我們想帶上這些孩子
06:05
So of course課程 we didn't take the kids孩子,
the parents父母 wouldn't不會 allow允許 that to happen發生.
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當然我們沒有真的把他們帶到現場,
父母不會尤許的
06:08
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:10
But every一切 night we would report報告
to "Mission任務 Control控制" --
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但每晚我們會報告給「任務總部」
06:14
different不同 masks面具 they're wearing穿著.
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他們正在戴不同的面具
06:16
It could look like they didn't take
the work seriously認真地, but they really did
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這看起來他們並沒有很認真工作,
但其實不是
06:20
because they're going to have to live生活
with radioactivity放射性 their whole整個 life.
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因為他們接下來的人生需要面對這些輻射
06:25
And so what we did with them
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所以我們做的是
06:27
is that we'd星期三 discuss討論 the data數據
we collected that day,
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討論當天收集到的數據
06:30
and talk about where
we should be going next下一個 --
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思考我們接下來要做甚麼
06:32
strategy戰略, itinerary行程, etc等等...
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策略、路線圖等等⋯⋯
06:34
And to do this, we built內置
a very rough topographical地形 map地圖
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為了做這些,我們弄了一個很簡單的地形圖
06:38
of the region地區 around
the nuclear power功率 plant.
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顯示出核電廠附近的地區
06:41
And so we built內置 the elevation海拔 map地圖,
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我們弄了這個立視圖(elevation map)
06:43
we sprinkled pigments顏料 to represent代表
real-time即時的 data數據 for radioactivity放射性,
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灑上顏料顯示輻射分佈的實時數據
06:47
and we sprayed water
to simulate模擬 the rainfall雨量.
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我們灑上水來模擬下雨
06:52
And with this we could see
that the radioactive放射性的 dust灰塵
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這樣我們可以看到輻射粉塵
06:55
was washing洗滌 from the top最佳 of the mountain
into the river system系統,
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從山上被沖洗到河川裡
06:58
and leaking洩漏 into the ocean海洋.
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然後流到大海
06:59
So it was a rough estimate估計.
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這是一個粗略的估算
07:02
But with this in mind心神,
we organized有組織的 this expedition遠征,
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做完這個以後,我們組織了一次探索行動
07:05
which哪一個 was the closest最近的 civilians老百姓 have been
to the nuclear power功率 plant.
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這是公民最靠近核電廠的一次
07:09
We are sailing帆船 1.5 kilometers公里 away
from the nuclear power功率 plant,
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我們在距離核電廠1.5公里的海面上
07:13
and with the help of the local本地 fisherman,
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依靠當地漁民的幫助
07:15
we are collecting蒐集 sediment沉澱 from the seabed海底
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收集了海床上的沉澱物
07:17
with a custom習慣 sediment沉澱 sampler取樣器
we've我們已經 invented發明 and built內置.
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用的是我們發明、自製的工具
07:21
We pack the sediment沉澱 into small bags包裝袋,
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我們把沉澱物放進小塑膠袋裡
07:24
we then dispatch調度 them
to hundreds數以百計 of small bags包裝袋
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然後包裝成數以百計的袋子
07:26
that we send發送 to different不同 universities高校,
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寄送到不同的大學
07:28
and we produce生產 the map地圖
of the seabed海底 radioactivity放射性,
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我們做了一個海床輻射地圖
07:31
especially特別 in estuaries河口
where the fish will reproduce複製,
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特別針對了魚類繁殖的河口
07:34
and I will hope希望 that we will have improved改善
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我希望我們的工作
07:36
the safety安全 of the local本地 fishermen漁民
and of your favorite喜愛 sushi壽司.
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能讓當地漁民和你最愛的壽司變得安全一點
07:39
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:40
You can see a progression級數 here --
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你可以看到一個發展歷程
07:42
we've我們已經 gone走了 from a local本地 problem問題
to a remote遠程 problem問題 to a global全球 problem問題.
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我們從本地問題開始,
到遠方的問題再到全球問題
07:47
And it's been super exciting扣人心弦
to work at these different不同 scales,
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這些規模不一的項目非常讓人興奮
07:50
with also very simple簡單,
open-source開源 technologies技術.
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使用的科技也都是開源而簡單的
07:53
But at the same相同 time,
it's been increasingly日益 frustrating洩氣
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但是同時這也很讓人挫折
07:57
because we have only started開始 to measure測量
the damage損傷 that we have doneDONE.
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因為我們只開始了測量我們過去造成的傷害
08:00
We haven't沒有 even started開始
to try to solve解決 the problems問題.
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我們甚至還沒有開始解決問題
08:05
And so I wonder奇蹟
if we should just take a leap飛躍
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所以我想,也許我們可以更進一步
08:08
and try to invent發明 better ways方法
to do all these things.
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發明一些更好的方案
08:13
And so the classroom課堂
started開始 to feel a little bit small,
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所以教室現在看起來有點太小了
08:17
so we found發現 an industrial產業
site現場 in Hong香港 Kong,
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我們找到了一個香港的工業大廈
08:19
and we turned轉身 it into
the largest最大 mega-space大型空間
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我們把它變成了最大的多用途空間
08:23
focused重點 on social社會
and environmental環境的 impact碰撞.
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希望可以在社會創新和環境上出一份力
08:26
It's in central中央 Hong香港 Kong,
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這在香港的市區
08:27
and it's a place地點 we can work
with wood, metal金屬, chemistry化學,
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一個我們可以做木工、金工、
化學實驗的地方
08:30
a bit of biology生物學, a bit of optics光學,
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也許還有一點生物學、一點光學
08:32
basically基本上 you can build建立
pretty漂亮 much everything there.
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基本上你可以在這裡動手做任何東西
08:35
And its a place地點 where
adults成年人 and kids孩子 can play together一起.
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這是一個大人和小孩可以一起玩耍的地方
08:38
It's a place地點 where
kids'孩子們 dreams can come true真正,
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一個小孩的夢想可以成真的地方
08:41
with the help of adults成年人,
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大人可以幫助小孩實現夢想
08:43
and where adults成年人 can be kids孩子 again.
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大人也可以在這裡重新體驗當孩子的感覺
08:44
Student學生: Acceleration促進! Acceleration促進!
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學生:快點!快點!
08:48
Cesar塞薩爾 Harada原田: We're asking
questions問題 such這樣 as,
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我們正在問像這樣的問題:
08:50
can we invent發明 the future未來 of mobility流動性
with renewable可再生 energy能源?
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我們可以用再生能源創造未來的移動方式嗎?
08:53
For example.
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這是其中一個例子
08:55
Or, can we help the mobility流動性
of the aging老化 population人口
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又或者,我們可以幫助老年人
08:59
by transforming轉型 very standard標準 wheelchairs輪椅
into cool, electric電動 vehicles汽車?
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用更酷的電動車取代標準輪椅?
09:05
So plastic塑料, oil and radioactivity放射性
are horrible可怕, horrible可怕 legacies遺產,
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塑膠、石油和輻射都是非常可怕的遺產
09:11
but the very worst最差 legacy遺產
that we can leave離開 our children孩子 is lies.
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但最差勁的遺產是對孩子的謊言
09:16
We can no longer afford給予
to shield屏蔽 the kids孩子 from the ugly醜陋 truth真相
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我們不能再對小孩隱瞞醜陋的真相
09:22
because we need their imagination想像力
to invent發明 the solutions解決方案.
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因為我們需要他們的想像力去發明解決方案
09:26
So citizen公民 scientists科學家們, makers製造商, dreamers夢想家 --
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所以,公民科學家們、制造者們、夢想家們
09:31
we must必須 prepare準備 the next下一個 generation
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我們一定要培育好下個世代
09:34
that cares管它 about
the environment環境 and people,
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讓他們關心環境和人類
09:37
and that can actually其實
do something about it.
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他們才能真正做出改變
09:40
Thank you.
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謝謝
09:41
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Juliana So
Reviewed by jonathan oleg

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cesar Harada - Inventor, environmentalist, educator
TED Senior Fellow Cesar Harada aims to harness the forces of nature as he invents innovative remedies for man-made problems like oil spills and radioactive leaks.

Why you should listen

Cesar Harada believes that ocean currents, the wind and other naturally occuring phenomenon can provide unique inspiration and novel solutions to mankind’s worst disasters, like oil spills and radioactive leaks. A French-Japanese inventor and TED senior fellow, he is the creator of Protei, a revolutionary sailing technology -- featuring a front rudder, flexible hull and open-soure hardware -- that allows for efficient clean up of both oil and plastics from the sea. Currently based in London, Harada recently traveled to Japan and is designing Protei to measure radioactivity along the country's coast.

The general coordinator of the future International Ocean Station, Harada teaches at Goldsmiths University London. A former project leader at MIT, he graduated form the Royal College of Arts Design Interactions in London and worked at the Southampton University Hydrodynamics laboratory on wave energy. Harada has also studied animantion, and his films and installations have been seen at festivals and events across the world, from the United States to Japan.

More profile about the speaker
Cesar Harada | Speaker | TED.com