TED2008
Benjamin Zander: The transformative power of classical music
Benjamin Zander sobre música i passió
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En Benjamin Zander té dues passions contagioses: la música clàssica i ajudar-nos a descobrir el nostre amor per ella, i per extensió, descobrir el nostre amor per totes les noves possibilitats, experiencies i connexions
Benjamin Zander - Conductor
A leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks. Full bio
A leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Probably a lot of you know the story of the two salesmen
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Segurament molts de vosaltres coneixeu la història de dos venedors
00:15
who went down to Africa in the 1900s.
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que van viatjar a l'Àfrica cap al 1900.
00:18
They were sent down to find if there was any opportunity
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Els havien enviat allà per a esbrinar si hi havia alguna oportunitat
00:20
for selling shoes,
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per a vendre sabates.
00:22
and they wrote telegrams back to Manchester.
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I van escriure uns telegrames a Manchester.
00:25
And one of them wrote, "Situation hopeless. Stop.
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Un d'ells hi va escriure. "La situació és desesperant. Stop.
00:29
They don't wear shoes."
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Aquí no porten sabates."
00:30
And the other one wrote, "Glorious opportunity.
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Mentre que l'altre va escriure: "Gran oportunitat.
00:33
They don't have any shoes yet."
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Encara no tenen sabates."
00:35
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
00:36
Now, there's a similar situation in the classical music world,
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Actualment, passa quelcom semblant en el món de la música clàssica,
00:40
because there are some people who think
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perquè hi ha alguna gent que creu
00:41
that classical music is dying.
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que la música clàssica s'està morint.
00:45
And there are some of us who think you ain't seen nothing yet.
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Però també hi ha alguns de nosaltres que creiem que encara no heu vist res.
00:48
And rather than go into statistics and trends,
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I, en comptes de mirar les estadístiques i tendències,
00:52
and tell you about all the orchestras that are closing,
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i parlar-vos de les orquestres que estan tancant,
00:54
and the record companies that are folding,
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i de les companyies discogràfiques que fan fallida,
00:57
I thought we should do an experiment tonight -- an experiment.
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crec que hauríem de fer un experiment aquesta nit -- un experiment.
01:01
Actually, it's not really an experiment, because I know the outcome.
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En realitat, no es ben bé un experiment perquè jo ja sé el resultat.,
01:06
But it's like an experiment. Now, before we --
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Però és semblant a un experiment. Abans de que...
01:08
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
01:12
-- before we start, I need to do two things.
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...abans de que comencem he de fer dues coses.
01:14
One is I want to remind you of what a seven-year-old child
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La primera és recordar-vos com sona el piano
01:19
sounds like when he plays the piano.
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quan el toca un nen de set anys.
01:20
Maybe you have this child at home.
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Potser teniu un nen així a casa.
01:23
He sounds something like this.
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Sona més o menys així.
01:24
(Piano)
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(Piano)
01:44
I see some of you recognize this child.
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Veig que alguns de vosaltres reconeixeu a aquest nen.
01:46
Now, if he practices for a year and takes lessons, he's now eight
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Si estudia durant un any i va a classes, als vuit anys
01:51
and he sounds like this.
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sona així.
01:52
(Piano)
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(Piano)
01:59
Then he practices for another year and takes lessons -- now he's nine.
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Llavors estudia durant un altre any i va a més classes; ja en té nou.
02:02
(Piano)
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(Piano)
02:08
Then he practices for another and takes lessons -- now he's 10.
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Encara estudia durant un any més i va a més classes; té deu anys.
02:11
(Piano)
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(Piano)
02:18
At that point, they usually give up.
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Arribats a aquest punt, normalment abandonen.
02:19
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
02:21
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
02:23
Now, if you'd waited, if you'd waited for one more year,
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Però, si haguéssiu esperat un any més,
02:26
you would have heard this.
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haurieu escoltat això:
02:27
(Piano)
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02:36
Now, what happened was not maybe what you thought,
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El que va passar, potser no és el que esteu pensant,
02:39
which is, he suddenly became passionate, engaged,
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que és que, de cop es va apassionar, es va comprometre,
02:42
involved, got a new teacher, he hit puberty, or whatever it is.
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es va involucrar, va tenir un professor nou, va arribar a la pubertat, o el que sigui.
02:45
What actually happened was the impulses were reduced.
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El que realment va passar és que es van reduir els accents.
02:50
You see, the first time, he was playing
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Si us hi fixeu, el primer cop el nen tocava
02:51
with an impulse on every note.
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amb un accent a cada nota.
02:54
(Piano)
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(Piano)
02:56
And the second, with an impulse every other note.
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I el segon amb un accent cada dues notes.
02:59
(Piano)
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(Piano)
03:01
You can see it by looking at my head.
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Ho podeu veure mirant el meu cap.
03:03
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
03:04
The nine-year-old
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El nen de nou anys,
03:06
put an impulse on every four notes.
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posava un accent cada quatre notes.
03:07
(Piano)
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(Piano)
03:10
And the 10-year-old, on every eight notes.
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I el nen de deu anys cada vuit notes.
03:11
(Piano)
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(Piano)
03:14
And the 11-year-old, one impulse on the whole phrase.
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I el nen d'onze anys, un accent per a tota la frase.
03:16
(Piano)
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(Piano)
03:20
I know -- I don't know how we got into this position.
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No sé com he arribat a aquesta posició.
03:22
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
03:25
I didn't say, "I'm going to move my shoulder over, move my body."
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No he dit "Mouré la meva espatlla cap amunt, mouré el meu cos".
03:27
No, the music pushed me over,
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No, la música m'hi ha portat.
03:29
which is why I call it one-buttock playing.
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I és per això que ho anomeno "tocar amb una natja".
03:31
(Piano)
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(Piano)
03:33
It can be the other buttock.
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Podria ser amb l'altra natja.
03:34
(Piano)
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(Piano)
03:38
You know, a gentleman was once watching a presentation I was doing,
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Sabeu? Un senyor estaba en una presentació que jo feia
03:41
when I was working with a young pianist.
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quan jo treballava amb un jove pianista.
03:43
He was the president of a corporation in Ohio.
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Era el president d'una companyia d'Ohio.
03:45
And I was working with this young pianist
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I jo estava treballant amb aquest jove pianista
03:48
and I said, "The trouble with you is you're a two-buttock player.
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i li vaig dir, "El teu problema és que ets un intèrpret de dues natges"
03:50
You should be a one-buttock player."
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Hauries de ser un intèrpret d'una natja."
03:52
And I moved his body like that, while he was playing.
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I vaig moure el seu cos així mentre ell tocava.
03:54
And suddenly, the music took off. It took flight.
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De sobte la música es va enlairar.
03:57
There was a gasp in the audience when they heard the difference.
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L'audiencia es va quedar bocabadada quan van sentir la diferència.
03:59
And then I got a letter from this gentleman.
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Llavors vaig rebre una carta d'aquest senyor.
04:01
He said, "I was so moved.
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Deia, "Estava tan emocionat
04:02
I went back and I transformed my entire company
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que vaig tornar i vaig transformar tota la meva companyia
04:05
into a one-buttock company."
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en una companyia d'una natja."
04:06
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
04:10
Now, the other thing I wanted to do is to tell you about you.
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La segona cosa que volia fer és parlar-vos sobre vosaltres.
04:12
There are 1,600 people, I believe.
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Hi ha 1.600 persones, crec.
04:15
My estimation is that probably 45 of you
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La meva estimació és que probablement 45 de vosaltres
04:18
are absolutely passionate about classical music.
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sou uns apassionats de la música clàssica.
04:21
You adore classical music. Your FM is always on that classical dial.
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Adoreu la música clàssica. La vostra ràdio sempre està en una emissora de música clàssica.
04:26
And you have CDs in your car, and you go to the symphony.
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I teniu CDs al cotxe, i aneu a concerts.
04:29
And your children are playing instruments.
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I els vostres fills toquen instruments.
04:30
You can't imagine your life without classical music.
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No podeu imaginar la vostra vida sense música clàssica.
04:33
That's the first group; it's quite a small group.
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Aquest és el primer grup; és un grup molt reduït.
04:35
Then there's another group, bigger group.
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Després hi ha un altre grup, més gran.
04:37
These are the people who don't mind classical music.
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Són les persones que no els importa la música clàssica.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
04:40
You know, you've come home from a long day,
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Arribeu a casa després d'un llarg dia,
04:42
and you take a glass of wine, and you put your feet up.
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preneu una copa de vi i poseu els peus en alt.
04:45
A little Vivaldi in the background doesn't do any harm.
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Una mica de Vivaldi de fons no fa cap mal a ningú.
04:47
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
04:48
That's the second group.
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Aquest és el segon grup.
04:49
Now comes the third group.
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Ara toca el tercer grup.
04:50
These are the people who never listen to classical music.
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Aquesta és la gent que mai escolta música clàssica.
04:52
It's just simply not part of your life.
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Simplement no forma part de la vostra vida.
04:55
You might hear it like second-hand smoke at the airport, but --
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La podeu sentir com el fum de tabac aliè a un aeroport, però...
04:57
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
04:59
-- and maybe a little bit of a march from "Aida"
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... i potser una mica una marxa d'AÏda
05:00
when you come into the hall. But otherwise, you never hear it.
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quan entreu al rebedor. Però si no, ni us en adoneu.
05:04
That's probably the largest group of all.
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Aquest és probablement el grup més gran de tots.
05:05
And then there's a very small group.
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També hi ha un grup molt reduït.
05:07
These are the people who think they're tone-deaf.
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De gent que es pensa que no tenen oïda musical.
05:10
Amazing number of people think they're tone-deaf.
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Un nombre sorprenent de gent creu que no tenen oïda musical.
05:13
Actually, I hear a lot, "My husband is tone-deaf."
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De fet, sovint sento dir, "El meu marit no té oïda musical."
05:15
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
05:16
Actually, you cannot be tone-deaf. Nobody is tone-deaf.
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En realitat, no pot ser que no tinguis oïda musical. A ningú li manca oïda musical.
05:19
If you were tone-deaf, you couldn't change the gears
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Si no tinguéssiu oïda musical, no podrieu canviar les marxes
05:22
on your car, in a stick shift car.
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del vostre cotxe.
05:24
You couldn't tell the difference between
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No podrieu diferenciar entre
05:26
somebody from Texas and somebody from Rome.
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algú de Texas i algú de Roma.
05:28
And the telephone. The telephone. If your mother calls
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I al telèfon. Si la teva mare truca
05:33
on the miserable telephone, she calls and says, "Hello,"
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pel miserable telèfon, i diu "Hola"
05:35
you not only know who it is, you know what mood she's in.
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no només sabreu qui és que truca, a més sabreu el seu estat d'ànim.
05:39
You have a fantastic ear. Everybody has a fantastic ear.
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Teniu una oïda fantàstica. Tothom té una oïda fantàstica.
05:42
So nobody is tone-deaf.
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Així que a ningú li manca oïda musical.
05:44
But I tell you what. It doesn't work for me to go on with this thing,
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Però us diré una cosa. No té sentit per a mi continuar amb aquest tema
05:48
with such a wide gulf between those who understand,
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quan hi ha un abisme tan gran entre aquells que entenen,
05:52
love and [are] passionate about classical music,
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estimen i s'apassionen amb la música clàssica,
05:54
and those who have no relationship to it at all.
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i aquells que no tenen cap relació amb ella.
05:57
The tone-deaf people, they're no longer here.
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La gent sense oïda musical, ja no existeix.
05:59
But even between those three categories, it's too wide a gulf.
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Però inclús entre les tres categories, hi ha un abisme massa gran.
06:03
So I'm not going to go on until every single person in this room,
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Així que no continuaré fins que tota persona en aquesta sala,
06:07
downstairs and in Aspen, and everybody else looking,
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al pis d'abaix i a Aspen, i tota la resta que estigui mirant,
06:13
will come to love and understand classical music.
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acabi estimant i entenent la música clàssica.
06:16
So that's what we're going to do.
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Això és el que farem.
06:19
Now, you notice that there is not the slightest doubt in my mind
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Adoneu-vos de que no tinc cap mena de dubte
06:24
that this is going to work if you look at my face, right?
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de que això funcionarà si em mireu a la cara, d'acord?
06:27
It's one of the characteristics of a leader that he not doubt
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És una de les característiques d'un lider, no dubtar
06:31
for one moment the capacity of the people he's leading
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ni un instant de la capacitat de la gent que esta liderant
06:35
to realize whatever he's dreaming.
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per a fer realitat allò que somia.
06:37
Imagine if Martin Luther King had said, "I have a dream.
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Imagineu si en Martin Luther King hagués dit, "Tinc un somni.
06:40
Of course, I'm not sure they'll be up to it."
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Naturalment, no estic segur de que estiguin a l'alçada."
06:42
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
06:46
All right. So I'm going to take a piece of Chopin.
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D'acord. Vaig a escollir una peça de Chopin.
06:48
This is a beautiful prelude by Chopin. Some of you will know it.
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Es tracta d'un bonic preludi de Chopin. Alguns de vosaltres ja el coneixereu.
06:54
(Music)
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(Música)
07:22
Do you know what I think probably happened in this room?
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Sabeu que és el que crec que probablement ha passat en aquesta sala?
07:25
When I started, you thought, "How beautiful that sounds."
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Quan he començat, heu pensat, "Que bé que sona."
07:27
(Music)
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(Música)
07:41
"I don't think we should go to the same place
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"No crec que haguem d'anar al mateix lloc
07:42
for our summer holidays next year."
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les properes vacances d'estiu."
07:44
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
07:47
It's funny, isn't it? It's funny how those thoughts
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És curiós, oi? Com tots aquests pensaments
07:50
kind of waft into your head.
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d'alguna manera floten al vostre cap.
07:53
And of course --
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I naturalment...
07:54
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
07:57
-- and of course, if the piece is long and you've had a long day,
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... i naturalment, si la peça és llarga i heu tingut un dia dur,
08:00
you might actually drift off.
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us podrieu adormir.
08:01
Then your companion will dig you in the ribs
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Llavors el vostre acompanyant us clavarà un cop a les costelles
08:03
and say, "Wake up! It's culture!" And then you feel even worse.
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i us dirà, "Desperta! Això és cultura!" I llavors us sentireu encara pitjor.
08:07
But has it ever occurred to you that the reason you feel sleepy
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Però se us ha acudit mai que potser el motiu pel qual us entra son
08:11
in classical music is not because of you, but because of us?
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amb la música clàssica no és per culpa vostra, sino per culpa nostra?
08:13
Did anybody think while I was playing,
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Algú ha pensat mentre jo tocava,
08:15
"Why is he using so many impulses?"
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"Per què utilitza tants accents?"
08:17
If I'd done this with my head you certainly would have thought it.
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Si hagués fet això amb el cap certament ho haguéssiu pensat.
08:21
(Music)
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(Música)
08:26
And for the rest of your life, every time you hear classical music,
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I la resta de la vostra vida, cada cop que escolteu música clàssica
08:30
you'll always be able to know if you hear those impulses.
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sereu capaços d'escoltar aquests accents.
08:34
So let's see what's really going on here.
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Així que anem a veure que està passant realment aquí.
08:36
We have a B. This is a B. The next note is a C.
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Tenin un Si. Això és un Si. La següent nota és un Do.
08:41
And the job of the C is to make the B sad. And it does, doesn't it?
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I la funció del Do és fer que el Si estigui trist. I ho fa, oi?
08:44
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
08:47
Composers know that. If they want sad music,
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Els compositors ho saben. Si volen música trista
08:49
they just play those two notes.
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toquen només aquestes dues notes.
08:50
(Music)
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(Música)
08:55
But basically, it's just a B, with four sads.
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Però bàsicament només és un Si, amb quatre tristes.
08:57
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
09:00
Now, it goes down to A. Now to G. And then to F.
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Ara baixa a un La. Ara a un Sol i finalment a un Fa.
09:05
So we have B, A, G, F. And if we have B, A, G, F,
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Tenim Si, La, Sol, Fa. I si tenim Si, La, Sol, Fa,
09:10
what do we expect next? Oh, that might have been a fluke.
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que esperem a continuació? Oh, això pot haver estat sort.
09:16
Let's try it again. Ooh, the TED choir.
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Provem-ho de nou. Ooh, el cor de TED.
09:22
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
09:25
And you notice nobody is tone-deaf, right? Nobody is.
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Veieu com a ningú li manca oïda musical?
09:29
You know, every village in Bangladesh
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Sabeu, a cada poble de Bangladesh
09:31
and every hamlet in China -- everybody knows:
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i a cada vila a Xina. Tothom sap:
09:37
da, da, da, da -- da. Everybody knows, who's expecting that E.
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na, na, na, na... na. Tothom sap qui està esperant aquest Mi.
09:40
Now, Chopin didn't want to reach the E there,
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Bé, Chopin no volia arribar al Mi encara,
09:44
because what will have happened? It will be over, like Hamlet.
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per què, què hagués passat? S'hagués acabat, com a Hamlet.
09:46
Do you remember Hamlet? Act one, scene three,
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Recordeu Hamlet? 1r acte, escena 3:
09:49
he finds out that his uncle killed his father.
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esbrina que el seu tiet va matar al seu pare.
09:50
You remember, he keeps on going up to his uncle
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Recordeu que se'n va a buscar al seu oncle
09:52
and almost killing him. And then he backs away,
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i quasi el mata. I després se'n va
09:53
and he goes up to him again and almost kills him.
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i torna de nou i quasi el mata.
09:56
And the critics, all of whom are sitting in the back row there,
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I els crítics, que seuen a darrera fila,
09:58
they have to have an opinion, so they say, "Hamlet is a procrastinator."
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han de fer-se una opinió, així que diuen, "Hamlet ho posposa tot."
10:01
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
10:02
Or they say, "Hamlet has an Oedipus complex."
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O dirán, "Hamlet té complex d'Edip."
10:05
No, otherwise the play would be over, stupid.
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No, si no fos així, l'obra s'acabaria, burro.
10:08
That's why Shakespeare puts all that stuff in Hamlet --
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Per aquesta raó en Shakespeare omple Hamlet amb tot això.
10:11
you know, Ophelia going mad and the play within the play,
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Ja sabeu, Ofelia tornant-se boja i l'obra dins de l'obra,
10:13
and Yorick's skull, and the gravediggers.
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i la calavera de Yorick, i els enterradors.
10:15
That's in order to delay -- until act five, he can kill him.
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Tot plegat per a posposar, fins al 5è acte, l'assassinat.
10:18
It's the same with the Chopin. He's just about to reach the E,
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Passa el mateix que amb Chopin. Està a punt d'arribar al Mi,
10:23
and he says, "Oops, better go back up and do it again."
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i diu, "Mmh, millor tornar enrere i tornar-ho a fer."
10:25
So he does it again.
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Així que ho torna a fer.
10:29
Now, he gets excited. (Piano) That's excitement,
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Aquí ell s'anima, això és agitació,
10:32
you don't have to worry about it.
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no us heu de preocupar pas.
10:34
Now, he gets to F-sharp, and finally he goes down to E,
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I ara arriba al Fa sostingut per finalment arribar fins al Mi,
10:36
but it's the wrong chord -- because the chord he's looking for
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però fa un acord erroni. Perquè l'acord que ell busca
10:40
is this one, (Piano) and instead he does ...
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és aquest, i en comptes ell fa...
10:43
(Piano) Now, we call that a deceptive cadence, because it deceives us.
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Bé, això s'anomena cadència enganyosa perquè ens enganya.
10:48
I always tell my students, "If you have a deceptive cadence,
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Jo sempre dic als meus alumnes, "Si feu una cadència enganyosa
10:50
be sure to raise your eyebrows. Then everybody will know."
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assegureu-vos d'aixecar les celles, llavors tothom se n'adonarà."
10:52
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
10:55
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
10:59
Right. So, he gets to E, but it's the wrong chord.
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Correcte. Així que arriba al Mi, però és l'acord erroni.
11:01
Now, he tries E again. That chord doesn't work.
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Ara, prova el Mi de nou. Aquest acord no funciona.
11:04
Now, he tries the E again. That chord doesn't work.
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Prova el Mi un altre cop. L'acord no funciona.
11:07
Now, he tries E again, and that doesn't work.
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Torna a provar el Mi de nou i continua sense funcionar.
11:10
And then finally ... (Piano)
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I llavors finalment...
11:13
There was a gentleman in the front row who went, "Mmm."
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Hi ha hagut un senyor de la primera fila que ha fet, "Mmmm."
11:18
It's the same gesture he makes when he comes home
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És el mateix gest que fa quan arriba a casa
11:20
after a long day, turns off the key in his car and says,
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després d'una llarg dia, apaga el cotxe i diu,
11:24
"Aah, I'm home." Because we all know where home is.
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"Aah, ja estic a casa." Perquè tots sabem on està la nostra casa.
11:27
So this is a piece which goes from away to home.
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Així que això és una peça musical que s'allunya de casa.
11:30
And I'm going to play it all the way through
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I la tocaré tota sencera
11:32
and you're going to follow. B, C, B, C, B, C, B --
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i vosaltres el seguireu. Si, do, si, do, si, do, si...
11:35
down to A, down to G, down to F.
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baixant al La, després al Sol i més tard al Fa.
11:37
Almost goes to E, but otherwise the play would be over.
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Quasi arribem al Mi, però llavors l'obra s'acabaria.
11:40
He goes back up to B. He gets very excited. Goes to F-sharp. Goes to E.
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Torna al Si, s'emociona. Va al Fa sostingut. Arriba al Mi.
11:42
It's the wrong chord. It's the wrong chord. It's the wrong chord.
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És l'acord erroni. És l'acord erroni. És l'acord erroni.
11:45
And finally goes to E, and it's home.
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I finalment arriba a Mi, i ja està a casa.
11:47
And what you're going to see is one-buttock playing.
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I el que veureu és com es toca amb una natja.
11:50
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
11:53
Because for me, to join the B to the E,
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Perquè per a mi, per a unir el Si amb el Mi,
11:56
I have to stop thinking about every single note along the way,
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he de parar de pensar en cadascuna de les notes que hi ha pel camí
12:01
and start thinking about the long, long line from B to E.
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i començar a pensar en el llarg, llarg viatge del Si al Mi.
12:07
You know, we were just in South Africa, and you can't go to South Africa
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Per exemple, si parlem de Sudàfrica, no pots fer-ho
12:11
without thinking of Mandela in jail for 27 years.
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sense pensar en Mandela i el seu empresonament durant 27 anys.
12:15
What was he thinking about? Lunch?
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En què pensava? En el dinar?
12:17
No, he was thinking about the vision for South Africa
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No, pensava en la visió de Sudàfrica
12:21
and for human beings. That's what kept --
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i els éssers humans. Amb això es quedava...
12:22
this is about vision. This is about the long line.
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es tracta de tenir visió; es tracta del llarg viatge.
12:25
Like the bird who flies over the field
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Com l'ocell que vola sobre els camps
12:27
and doesn't care about the fences underneath, all right?
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i no es preocupa dels tancats que té a sota, oi?
12:31
So now, you're going to follow the line all the way from B to E.
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Així que ara seguireu tot el viatge des del Si fins al Mi.
12:34
And I've one last request before I play this piece all the way through.
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I tinc una darrera petició abans de que toqui tota la peça sencera.
12:38
Would you think of somebody who you adore, who's no longer there?
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Podrieu pensar en algú que estimeu, que ja no estigui entre nosaltres?
12:43
A beloved grandmother, a lover --
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Una àvia estimada, un amant,
12:47
somebody in your life who you love with all your heart,
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algú de la vostra vida a qui estimeu amb tot el cor,
12:50
but that person is no longer with you.
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però que ja no teniu amb vosaltres.
12:54
Bring that person into your mind, and at the same time
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Porteu aquesta persona al vostre cap, i al mateix temps
12:57
follow the line all the way from B to E,
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seguiu tot el viatge des del Si fins al Mi,
13:01
and you'll hear everything that Chopin had to say.
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i sentireu tot el que Chopin tenia per dir.
13:09
(Music)
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(Música)
15:00
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
15:07
Now, you may be wondering,
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Bé, us estareu preguntant,
15:12
you may be wondering why I'm clapping.
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us estareu preguntant perquè aplaudeixo.
15:18
Well, I did this at a school in Boston
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Bé, vaig fer això en una escola de Boston
15:20
with about 70 seventh graders, 12-year-olds.
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amb uns 70 alumnes de setè, de 12 anys d'edat.
15:24
And I did exactly what I did with you, and I told them
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I vaig fer exactament el que he fet amb vosaltres, I vaig parlar amb ells
15:26
and explained them and the whole thing.
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i els vaig explicar tot plegat.
15:27
And at the end, they went crazy, clapping. They were clapping.
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I al final es van tornar bojos, aplaudint. Es van posar a aplaudir.
15:30
I was clapping. They were clapping.
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Jo aplaudia. Ells aplaudien.
15:31
Finally, I said, "Why am I clapping?"
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Finalment, vaig dir "Per què estic aplaudint?"
15:33
And one of the little kids said, "Because we were listening."
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I un dels nens va dir "Per què estàvem escoltant."
15:34
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
15:40
Think of it. 1,600 people, busy people,
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Penseu-ho bé. 1.600 persones, gent ocupada,
15:42
involved in all sorts of different things,
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involucrada en tot tipus de coses diferents.
15:45
listening, understanding and being moved by a piece by Chopin.
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Escoltant, entenent i commovent-se per una peça de Chopin.
15:51
Now that is something.
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Això és alguna cosa.
15:52
Now, am I sure that every single person followed that,
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Bé, estic segur que cadascuna de les persones ho ha seguit,
15:55
understood it, was moved by it? Of course, I can't be sure.
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ho ha entès i s'ha commogut. Naturalment no en puc estar del tot segur.
15:58
But I tell you what happened to me.
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Però us diré què em va passar.
15:59
I was in Ireland during the Troubles, 10 years ago,
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Vaig estar a Irlanda durant el conflicte irlandés fa 10 anys,
16:02
and I was working with some Catholic and Protestant kids
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i vaig estar treballant amb alguns nens catòlics i protestants
16:05
on conflict resolution. And I did this with them --
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sobre resolució de conflictes. I vaig fer aquest experiment amb ells.
16:10
a risky thing to do, because they were street kids.
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Quelcom arriscat perquè eren nens de carrer.
16:12
And one of them came to me the next morning and he said,
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I un d'ells va venir a veure'm el següent matí i va dir-me,
16:16
"You know, I've never listened to classical music in my life,
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"Saps, mai abans havia sentit música clàssica,
16:19
but when you played that shopping piece ... "
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però quan has tocat aquesta peça de 'shopping'' (sona com Chopin, N. d. T.)"...
16:20
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
16:23
He said, "My brother was shot last year and I didn't cry for him.
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Va dir, "Al meu germà li van disparar l'any passat i no vaig plorar per ell.
16:28
But last night, when you played that piece,
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Però ahir per la nit, quan vas tocar aquella peça,
16:29
he was the one I was thinking about.
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era la persona en qui pensava.
16:32
And I felt the tears streaming down my face.
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I vaig sentir les llàgrimes caient per les meves galtes.
16:34
And you know, it felt really good to cry for my brother."
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I, saps? Em va fer sentir molt bé plorar pel meu germà."
16:37
So I made up my mind at that moment
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Així que en aquell instant vaig decidir
16:39
that classical music is for everybody. Everybody.
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que la música clàssica és per a tothom. Per a tothom.
16:47
Now, how would you walk -- because you know,
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Llavors, com caminarieu... perquè com sabreu,
16:49
my profession, the music profession doesn't see it that way.
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a la meva professió, la professió de músic no ho veu de la mateixa manera.
16:53
They say three percent of the population likes classical music.
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Ells diuen que al 3% de la població els agrada la música clàssica.
16:56
If only we could move it to four percent, our problems would be over.
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Si només poguéssim pujar al 4% els nostres problemes s'haurien acabat.
17:01
I say, "How would you walk? How would you talk? How would you be?
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I jo dic, "Com caminarieu? Com parlarieu? Com us sentirieu
17:04
If you thought, three percent of the population likes classical music,
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si penséssiu que al 3% de la població els agrada la música clàssica?
17:08
if only we could move it to four percent. How would you walk?
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Si només poguéssim pujar-ho al 4%. Com caminarieu?
17:10
How would you talk? How would you be?
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Com parlarieu? Com us sentirieu
17:12
If you thought, everybody loves classical music --
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si penséssiu que tothom estima la música clàssica...
17:14
they just haven't found out about it yet."
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però que encara no se n'han adonat."
17:16
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
17:17
See, these are totally different worlds.
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Veieu, això són dos móns completament diferents.
17:20
Now, I had an amazing experience. I was 45 years old,
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Mireu, vaig tenir una experiència increíble quan tenia 45 anys.
17:23
I'd been conducting for 20 years, and I suddenly had a realization.
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Havia estat dirigint durant 20 anys, i de sobte vaig tenir una revelació.
17:29
The conductor of an orchestra doesn't make a sound.
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El director d'una orquestra no emet cap so.
17:32
My picture appears on the front of the CD --
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Les meves fotografies apareixen a les portades dels CD...
17:34
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
17:37
-- but the conductor doesn't make a sound.
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... però el director no emet cap so.
17:40
He depends, for his power, on his ability to make other people powerful.
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Depèn de la seva capacitat per a treure el màxim dels demés.
17:44
And that changed everything for me. It was totally life changing.
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Això va canviar-ho tot per a mi. Em va canviar totalment la vida.
17:49
People in my orchestra came up to me and said,
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La gent de la meva orquestra em venia i em deia,
17:50
"Ben, what happened?" That's what happened.
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"Ben, què ha passat?" Això és el que va passar.
17:52
I realized my job was to awaken possibility in other people.
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Em vaig adonar que la meva feina era despertar les possibilitats en altres persones.
17:57
And of course, I wanted to know whether I was doing that.
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I, naturalment, volia saber si ho estava aconseguint.
18:00
And you know how you find out? You look at their eyes.
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Sabeu com esbrinar-ho? Mirant als seus ulls.
18:03
If their eyes are shining, you know you're doing it.
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Si els seus ulls estan brillant, saps que ho estàs aconseguint.
18:08
You could light up a village with this guy's eyes.
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Podríeu il·luminar una vila amb els ulls d'aquest senyor.
18:09
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
18:11
Right. So if the eyes are shining, you know you're doing it.
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Correcte. Així que si els ulls brillen, saps que ho estàs aconseguint.
18:13
If the eyes are not shining, you get to ask a question.
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Si els ulls no brillen, t'has de fer una pregunta.
18:16
And this is the question:
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I la pregunta és la següent:
18:17
who am I being, that my players' eyes are not shining?
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Què estic fent perquè els ulls dels meus músics no brillin?
18:24
We can do that with our children, too.
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Podem preguntar-nos-ho també amb els nostres nens.
18:25
Who am I being, that my children's eyes are not shining?
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Què estic fent perquè els ulls dels meus nens no brillin?
18:31
That's a totally different world.
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Això és un món completament diferent.
18:33
Now, we're all about to end this magical, on-the-mountain week,
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Bé, estem a punt d'acabar aquesta setmana màgica,
18:39
and we're going back into the world.
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i tornarem al món real.
18:40
And I say, it's appropriate for us to ask the question,
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I jo dic, és adequat que ens formulem la pregunta:
18:44
who are we being as we go back out into the world?
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Què farem nosaltres quan tornem al món real?
18:49
And you know, I have a definition of success.
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I, sabeu? Tinc una definició de l'èxit.
18:52
For me, it's very simple. It's not about wealth and fame and power.
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Per mi és molt senzill. No es tracta de benestar, fama o poder.
18:54
It's about how many shining eyes I have around me.
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Es tracta de quants ulls brillants tinc al meu voltant.
18:58
So now, I have one last thought, which is
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Tinc un darrer pensament, que es
19:01
that it really makes a difference what we say --
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que allò que diem pot ser decisiu.
19:04
the words that come out of our mouth.
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Les paraules que surten de les nostres boques.
19:06
I learned this from a woman who survived Auschwitz,
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Vaig aprendre-ho d'una dona que va sobreviure a Auschwitz,
19:10
one of the rare survivors.
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una de les poques supervivents.
19:11
She went to Auschwitz when she was 15 years old,
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La van enviar a Auschwitz quan tenia 15 anys,
19:16
and her brother was eight, and the parents were lost.
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el seu germà en tenia vuit i els pares estaven desapareguts.
19:23
And she told me this, she said,
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Ella em va dir,
19:28
"We were in the train going to Auschwitz, and I looked down
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"Estàvem al tren camí a Auschwitz i vaig mirar abaix
19:31
and saw my brother's shoes were missing.
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i vaig veure que el meu germà havia perdut les sabates.
19:34
And I said, 'Why are you so stupid, can't you keep your things together
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I vaig dir, "Per què ets tan estúpid, no pots tenir cura de les teves coses,
19:37
for goodness' sake?' " The way an elder sister
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per l'amor de Déu? -- com una germana gran
19:38
might speak to a younger brother.
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li parlaria al seu germà petit.
19:42
Unfortunately, it was the last thing she ever said to him,
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Desafortunadament, va ser la última cosa que ella li va dir
19:45
because she never saw him again. He did not survive.
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perquè mai més el va tornar a veure. Ell no va sobreviure.
19:49
And so when she came out of Auschwitz, she made a vow.
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Així que quan va sortir d'Auschwitz, va fer un jurament.
19:52
She told me this. She said, "I walked out of Auschwitz into life
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Em va dir. "Quan vaig sortir d'Auschwitz vaig ressucitar
19:56
and I made a vow. And the vow was, I will never say anything
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i vaig fer un jurament. Vaig jurar, no diré mai més res
20:02
that couldn't stand as the last thing I ever say."
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que pugui ser la darrera cosa que digui."
20:05
Now, can we do that? No. And we'll make ourselves wrong
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Bé, podem fer això? No. I ens farem mal a nosaltres
20:10
and others wrong. But it is a possibility to live into. Thank you.
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i als demés. Però ens podria succeïr. Gràcies.
20:17
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
20:23
Shining eyes, shining eyes.
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Ulls brillants, ulls brillants.
20:34
Thank you, thank you.
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Gràcies, gràcies.
20:38
(Music)
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(Música)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Benjamin Zander - ConductorA leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks.
Why you should listen
Since 1979, Benjamin Zander has been the conductor of the Boston Philharmonic. He is known around the world as both a guest conductor and a speaker on leadership -- and he's been known to do both in a single performance. He uses music to help people open their minds and create joyful harmonies that bring out the best in themselves and their colleagues.
His provocative ideas about leadership are rooted in a partnership with Rosamund Stone Zander, with whom he co-wrote The Art of Possibility.
Benjamin Zander | Speaker | TED.com