TED2008
Benjamin Zander: The transformative power of classical music
本杰明·赞德：音乐与热情
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本杰明·赞德拥有两种热情：一种是对于古典音乐，另一种是帮助人们认识对古典音乐的热情。以及寻找我们对于所有的新可能、新体验以及新的联系的热情。
Benjamin Zander - Conductor
A leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks. Full bio
A leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Probably a lot of you know the story of the two salesmen
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相信很多人都听过两个推销员的故事，
00:15
who went down to Africa in the 1900s.
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他们在20世纪去往非洲
00:18
They were sent down to find if there was any opportunity
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调研当地是否有
00:20
for selling shoes,
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卖鞋的商机。
00:22
and they wrote telegrams back to Manchester.
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不久，电报就派回了曼切斯特
00:25
And one of them wrote, "Situation hopeless. Stop.
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其中一人写道：“情况堪忧，中止计划。
00:29
They don't wear shoes."
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非洲人不穿鞋。”
00:30
And the other one wrote, "Glorious opportunity.
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另一个人写道：“天赐良机！
00:33
They don't have any shoes yet."
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他们都还没有鞋呢！”
00:35
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:36
Now, there's a similar situation in the classical music world,
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其实，古典音乐的殿堂正面临相同的处境。
00:40
because there are some people who think
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有人觉得
00:41
that classical music is dying.
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古典音乐正在消亡。
00:45
And there are some of us who think you ain't seen nothing yet.
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而另一群人觉得这不过是刚刚开始。
00:48
And rather than go into statistics and trends,
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我不准备给你们看什么统计数据和趋势，
00:52
and tell you about all the orchestras that are closing,
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也不打算说那些业已解散的管弦乐队的故事、
00:54
and the record companies that are folding,
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或歇业的唱片公司。
00:57
I thought we should do an experiment tonight -- an experiment.
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今晚，我想做个实验， 一个实验。
01:01
Actually, it's not really an experiment, because I know the outcome.
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其实我已经知道结果，所以这并不算是个实验。
01:06
But it's like an experiment. Now, before we --
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但它毕竟是个实验。好，在--
01:08
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:12
-- before we start, I need to do two things.
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--在开始前，我想先做两件事。
01:14
One is I want to remind you of what a seven-year-old child
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第一，我想你想象一下，一个7岁的小孩子
01:19
sounds like when he plays the piano.
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弹出的琴声。
01:20
Maybe you have this child at home.
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你家里可能就有这么一个小孩。
01:23
He sounds something like this.
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他听起来像这样。
01:24
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）
01:44
I see some of you recognize this child.
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我知道有些人认识这个小孩。
01:46
Now, if he practices for a year and takes lessons, he's now eight
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好，如果他练习一年，上些课，他八岁了，
01:51
and he sounds like this.
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他听起来像这样。
01:52
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）
01:59
Then he practices for another year and takes lessons -- now he's nine.
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他再练上一年，上些课；现在他九岁了。
02:02
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）
02:08
Then he practices for another and takes lessons -- now he's 10.
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然后他再练习，上课，他十岁了。
02:11
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）
02:18
At that point, they usually give up.
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这时候他们一般就放弃了。
02:19
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:21
(Applause)
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（掌声）
02:23
Now, if you'd waited, if you'd waited for one more year,
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其实，如果你在等等，再等上一年，
02:26
you would have heard this.
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你会听到这个：
02:27
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）
02:36
Now, what happened was not maybe what you thought,
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其实，发生的情况和人想像的并不一样，
02:39
which is, he suddenly became passionate, engaged,
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那个孩子并没有突然变得很热爱，投入，
02:42
involved, got a new teacher, he hit puberty, or whatever it is.
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找了新老师，或者突然开窍。
02:45
What actually happened was the impulses were reduced.
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其实是当中的停顿减少了。
02:50
You see, the first time, he was playing
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看，第一次他弹的时候
02:51
with an impulse on every note.
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每弹一个音符就要停顿一次。
02:54
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）
02:56
And the second, with an impulse every other note.
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现在是两个音符停顿一次。
02:59
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）
03:01
You can see it by looking at my head.
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看我的头你就能看出来。
03:03
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:04
The nine-year-old
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现在是9岁的小孩，9岁
03:06
put an impulse on every four notes.
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4个音符。
03:07
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）
03:10
And the 10-year-old, on every eight notes.
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十岁的时候，8个。
03:11
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）。
03:14
And the 11-year-old, one impulse on the whole phrase.
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到了11岁，整个段落只有一处停顿。
03:16
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）
03:20
I know -- I don't know how we got into this position.
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我不知道我的姿势怎么突然成了这样，
03:22
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:25
I didn't say, "I'm going to move my shoulder over, move my body."
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我脑子里没有想过要把肩膀移到这里，身体移到那里。
03:27
No, the music pushed me over,
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没有，是音乐在推动我，
03:29
which is why I call it one-buttock playing.
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我管这叫做半个屁股的演奏。
03:31
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）
03:33
It can be the other buttock.
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也可能是另外半个屁股。
03:34
(Piano)
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（钢琴声）
03:38
You know, a gentleman was once watching a presentation I was doing,
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一位男士曾经观看我
03:41
when I was working with a young pianist.
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与一个青年钢琴家合作。
03:43
He was the president of a corporation in Ohio.
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他是俄亥俄州一间公司的老板。
03:45
And I was working with this young pianist
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我和那个青年钢琴家说，
03:48
and I said, "The trouble with you is you're a two-buttock player.
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“你的问题在于，你只会‘整个屁股的演奏’。
03:50
You should be a one-buttock player."
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你应该坐半个屁股来演奏。”
03:52
And I moved his body like that, while he was playing.
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当他演奏的时候我就这样移动了他的身体。
03:54
And suddenly, the music took off. It took flight.
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然后突然之间音乐就像乘着翅膀飞了起来。
03:57
There was a gasp in the audience when they heard the difference.
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观众听到这个改变都吃了一大惊。
03:59
And then I got a letter from this gentleman.
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后来我收到了这个公司老板的一封信。
04:01
He said, "I was so moved.
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他说，“我当时感触很深，
04:02
I went back and I transformed my entire company
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于是我回去后，把我整间公司
04:05
into a one-buttock company."
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都变成了‘半个屁股公司’。”
04:06
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:10
Now, the other thing I wanted to do is to tell you about you.
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好，另外一件我想告诉你们的事是，
04:12
There are 1,600 people, I believe.
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这里大概有1600人。
04:15
My estimation is that probably 45 of you
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我猜其中大概有45个人左右
04:18
are absolutely passionate about classical music.
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是深深热爱古典音乐的。
04:21
You adore classical music. Your FM is always on that classical dial.
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你痴迷于古典音乐。收音机永远都调在古典音乐的频道上。
04:26
And you have CDs in your car, and you go to the symphony.
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车里放的是古典音乐的CD, 听交响音乐会。
04:29
And your children are playing instruments.
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孩子们也会弹些乐器。
04:30
You can't imagine your life without classical music.
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你不能想象没有古典音乐的生活是怎么样的。
04:33
That's the first group; it's quite a small group.
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这是第一种人，为数不多。
04:35
Then there's another group, bigger group.
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另一种人，大多数的，
04:37
These are the people who don't mind classical music.
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是不讨厌古典音乐的人。
04:39
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:40
You know, you've come home from a long day,
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你结束了一天的辛苦工作回到家里，
04:42
and you take a glass of wine, and you put your feet up.
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为自己倒了杯红酒，坐下把脚翘起来。
04:45
A little Vivaldi in the background doesn't do any harm.
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来一点威尔第的音乐。真好。
04:47
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:48
That's the second group.
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这是第二种人。
04:49
Now comes the third group.
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第三种人，
04:50
These are the people who never listen to classical music.
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他们从不接触古典音乐。
04:52
It's just simply not part of your life.
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古典音乐根本就不是他们生活的一部分。
04:55
You might hear it like second-hand smoke at the airport, but --
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你听它，就像在机场里吸二手烟一样稀松平常。
04:57
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:59
-- and maybe a little bit of a march from "Aida"
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或者当你走进某大楼时，耳边刮到一点《阿依达》的进行曲
05:00
when you come into the hall. But otherwise, you never hear it.
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除此之外与古典乐再没有交集。
05:04
That's probably the largest group of all.
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这大概就是为数最多的一群人。
05:05
And then there's a very small group.
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最后，还有为数不多的一群人。
05:07
These are the people who think they're tone-deaf.
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这些人认为自己是音盲。
05:10
Amazing number of people think they're tone-deaf.
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真神奇，很多人都认为自己是音盲。
05:13
Actually, I hear a lot, "My husband is tone-deaf."
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事实上我听到过很多，“我老公是个音盲。”
05:15
(Laughter)
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（笑声)
05:16
Actually, you cannot be tone-deaf. Nobody is tone-deaf.
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你不可能是音盲。没有人是音盲。
05:19
If you were tone-deaf, you couldn't change the gears
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如果你音盲，你根本无法给汽车换档，
05:22
on your car, in a stick shift car.
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如果你开的是手档车话。
05:24
You couldn't tell the difference between
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你听不出来
05:26
somebody from Texas and somebody from Rome.
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德克萨斯州和罗马来的两个人讲话有什么区别。
05:28
And the telephone. The telephone. If your mother calls
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还有电话。如果你妈妈打电话给你，
05:33
on the miserable telephone, she calls and says, "Hello,"
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她用悲伤的语调说，“你好，”
05:35
you not only know who it is, you know what mood she's in.
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你不仅知道她是谁，还知道她心情的好坏。
05:39
You have a fantastic ear. Everybody has a fantastic ear.
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你有双神奇的耳朵。每个人都有双神奇的耳朵。
05:42
So nobody is tone-deaf.
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所以没有人是音盲。
05:44
But I tell you what. It doesn't work for me to go on with this thing,
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但是，让我来告诉你，如果我要继续我的事业，这些种种将对我不起作用
05:48
with such a wide gulf between those who understand,
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人们对古典音乐的认知存在巨大差异。
05:52
love and [are] passionate about classical music,
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有人痴迷，
05:54
and those who have no relationship to it at all.
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有人无视。
05:57
The tone-deaf people, they're no longer here.
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即便“音盲”是不存在的，
05:59
But even between those three categories, it's too wide a gulf.
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但是剩下三组人的差距还是很大。
06:03
So I'm not going to go on until every single person in this room,
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所以，我不会继续下去，直到这屋子里的每个人，
06:07
downstairs and in Aspen, and everybody else looking,
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楼上楼下，每个人
06:13
will come to love and understand classical music.
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都来试图理解和热爱古典音乐。
06:16
So that's what we're going to do.
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这就是我们今天要做的事情。
06:19
Now, you notice that there is not the slightest doubt in my mind
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你有没有发现，我对我的想法没有一丝的怀疑。
06:24
that this is going to work if you look at my face, right?
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你看我的脸，就知道我认为这一定能成功，是不是？
06:27
It's one of the characteristics of a leader that he not doubt
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这是一个坚定不移的领导者的特质，
06:31
for one moment the capacity of the people he's leading
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他让他所领导的人民深信他的能力，
06:35
to realize whatever he's dreaming.
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逐步实现梦想。
06:37
Imagine if Martin Luther King had said, "I have a dream.
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想想看，如果马丁路德金说，“我有一个梦想！
06:40
Of course, I'm not sure they'll be up to it."
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但是，我不确定你们是不是乐意追跟我。”
06:42
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
06:46
All right. So I'm going to take a piece of Chopin.
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好，我要弹一首肖邦。
06:48
This is a beautiful prelude by Chopin. Some of you will know it.
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这是一首优美的序曲。有人应该听过。
06:54
(Music)
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（钢琴声）
07:22
Do you know what I think probably happened in this room?
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你猜我觉得刚刚屋里发生了什么？
07:25
When I started, you thought, "How beautiful that sounds."
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我开始的时候，你脑子里在想,"多优美的曲子啊。“
07:27
(Music)
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（钢琴声）
07:41
"I don't think we should go to the same place
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"明年夏天
07:42
for our summer holidays next year."
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再也不要去同一个地方度假了。“
07:44
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:47
It's funny, isn't it? It's funny how those thoughts
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有趣吧？这些想法
07:50
kind of waft into your head.
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不知怎么的就飘到你脑海中去了。
07:53
And of course --
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当然--
07:54
(Applause)
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（掌声）
07:57
-- and of course, if the piece is long and you've had a long day,
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当然，如果这首曲子很长，而且你很累，
08:00
you might actually drift off.
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你可能会不知不觉睡着了。
08:01
Then your companion will dig you in the ribs
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你旁边的同伴就会戳戳你，
08:03
and say, "Wake up! It's culture!" And then you feel even worse.
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说，”醒醒！这是文化！“你会感到更郁闷。
08:07
But has it ever occurred to you that the reason you feel sleepy
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但是你有没有想过，你之所以在听古典音乐的时候会觉得困，
08:11
in classical music is not because of you, but because of us?
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不是因为你，而是因为我们？
08:13
Did anybody think while I was playing,
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在我演奏的时候，有没有人想：
08:15
"Why is he using so many impulses?"
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“为什么他用了这么多的停顿？”
08:17
If I'd done this with my head you certainly would have thought it.
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如果我动了我的脑袋的话，你肯定想的到。
08:21
(Music)
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（钢琴声）
08:26
And for the rest of your life, every time you hear classical music,
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在你未来的人生中，每当你听到古典音乐
08:30
you'll always be able to know if you hear those impulses.
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你都会意识到自己是否听到了这些停顿。
08:34
So let's see what's really going on here.
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好，让我们来看看这到底是怎么回事。
08:36
We have a B. This is a B. The next note is a C.
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这是个B, 它旁边的这个是C.
08:41
And the job of the C is to make the B sad. And it does, doesn't it?
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C的任务就是让B听起来很哀伤。它做到了，是不是？
08:44
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:47
Composers know that. If they want sad music,
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作曲家知道这个秘诀，所以如果他们想要创作悲伤的音乐，
08:49
they just play those two notes.
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他们就不停的用这两个音符。
08:50
(Music)
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（钢琴声）
08:55
But basically, it's just a B, with four sads.
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其实就是一个B,和4个悲伤而已。
08:57
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
09:00
Now, it goes down to A. Now to G. And then to F.
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现在，我们下降到A,到G,最后到F。
09:05
So we have B, A, G, F. And if we have B, A, G, F,
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好，我们有，B A G F，如果我们有 B A G F，
09:10
what do we expect next? Oh, that might have been a fluke.
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接下来你将期待什么？ 哦，好像事有凑巧。
09:16
Let's try it again. Ooh, the TED choir.
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再试一次。 哈， TED合唱团。
09:22
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
09:25
And you notice nobody is tone-deaf, right? Nobody is.
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你有没有发现，没有人是音盲，对不对？没有人。
09:29
You know, every village in Bangladesh
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每一个孟加拉国的小镇，
09:31
and every hamlet in China -- everybody knows:
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每一个中国的村庄，每个人，都知道：
09:37
da, da, da, da -- da. Everybody knows, who's expecting that E.
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嗒，嗒，嗒，嗒 - 嗒。每个人都知道下一个是E。
09:40
Now, Chopin didn't want to reach the E there,
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不过，Chopin还不想到E。
09:44
because what will have happened? It will be over, like Hamlet.
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不然会怎么样？ 曲子就结束了，就像《哈姆雷特》。
09:46
Do you remember Hamlet? Act one, scene three,
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记不记得《哈姆雷特》？第一幕，第三场：
09:49
he finds out that his uncle killed his father.
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他发现他的叔叔杀了他的父亲。
09:50
You remember, he keeps on going up to his uncle
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你记不记得他靠近他的叔叔
09:52
and almost killing him. And then he backs away,
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差点杀了他。但是他又走开了。
09:53
and he goes up to him again and almost kills him.
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他又靠过去，差点杀了他。
09:56
And the critics, all of whom are sitting in the back row there,
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所有的评论家都坐在后排那里，
09:58
they have to have an opinion, so they say, "Hamlet is a procrastinator."
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他们必须要批评点什么，于是他们说，“哈姆雷特优柔寡断，拖泥带水。”
10:01
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
10:02
Or they say, "Hamlet has an Oedipus complex."
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或者，“哈姆雷特有恋母情结。”
10:05
No, otherwise the play would be over, stupid.
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不是的，不然这演出就结束了，傻瓜。
10:08
That's why Shakespeare puts all that stuff in Hamlet --
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所以莎士比亚才把这些东西放进去。
10:11
you know, Ophelia going mad and the play within the play,
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Ophelia在戏中发疯，
10:13
and Yorick's skull, and the gravediggers.
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Yorick的头盖骨，还有盗墓人。
10:15
That's in order to delay -- until act five, he can kill him.
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这一切都是为了推迟——直到在第五幕他杀掉他叔叔。
10:18
It's the same with the Chopin. He's just about to reach the E,
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Chopin也是一样的。他马上就要到E了，
10:23
and he says, "Oops, better go back up and do it again."
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他说，“不行，反复一遍会更好。”
10:25
So he does it again.
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于是他又来一遍。
10:29
Now, he gets excited. (Piano) That's excitement,
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这里他变的很激昂，这部分
10:32
you don't have to worry about it.
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你不用管。
10:34
Now, he gets to F-sharp, and finally he goes down to E,
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这他到了升半音的的F, 终于到了E。
10:36
but it's the wrong chord -- because the chord he's looking for
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但是这是不对的和铉。他想要的和铉
10:40
is this one, (Piano) and instead he does ...
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是这个，但是他用了。
10:43
(Piano) Now, we call that a deceptive cadence, because it deceives us.
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我们管这个叫假旋律，因为它是为了欺骗我们用的。
10:48
I always tell my students, "If you have a deceptive cadence,
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我总是告诉学生，“如果你要弹到假旋律，
10:50
be sure to raise your eyebrows. Then everybody will know."
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把你的眉毛抬起来大家就知道了。”
10:52
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
10:55
(Applause)
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（掌声）
10:59
Right. So, he gets to E, but it's the wrong chord.
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好，他到了E，但是是错的和铉。
11:01
Now, he tries E again. That chord doesn't work.
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他再次试E， 这个和铉也不好。
11:04
Now, he tries the E again. That chord doesn't work.
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他再试，这个也不行。
11:07
Now, he tries E again, and that doesn't work.
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他再试，还是不行。
11:10
And then finally ... (Piano)
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终于。。
11:13
There was a gentleman in the front row who went, "Mmm."
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坐在第一排的这位男士刚刚，“啊。。”放松了。
11:18
It's the same gesture he makes when he comes home
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这与他回到家的时候做的是同样的姿势。
11:20
after a long day, turns off the key in his car and says,
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经过一天辛苦的工作，他拧钥匙熄灭了他的车，说，
11:24
"Aah, I'm home." Because we all know where home is.
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“啊，我到家了。”因为我们都知道家是哪。
11:27
So this is a piece which goes from away to home.
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所以，这就是从远方回家的曲子。
11:30
And I'm going to play it all the way through
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我这就来把它从头到尾的演奏一遍。
11:32
and you're going to follow. B, C, B, C, B, C, B --
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你会跟随这琴声，B, C, B, C, B, C, B--
11:35
down to A, down to G, down to F.
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到A，到G，到F
11:37
Almost goes to E, but otherwise the play would be over.
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马上就要到E了，可是曲子那样会结束。
11:40
He goes back up to B. He gets very excited. Goes to F-sharp. Goes to E.
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于是他回到B，这里变的很激动，到F声调，到E。
11:42
It's the wrong chord. It's the wrong chord. It's the wrong chord.
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可是是错的和铉，错的和铉，错的和铉。
11:45
And finally goes to E, and it's home.
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终于它弹到了E，那里是家。
11:47
And what you're going to see is one-buttock playing.
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而且你马上要看到的是“半个屁股演奏法”。
11:50
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
11:53
Because for me, to join the B to the E,
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因为，如果我想要把B和E链接起来的话，
11:56
I have to stop thinking about every single note along the way,
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我要停止去想中间的每一个音符，
12:01
and start thinking about the long, long line from B to E.
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而是开始想这从B到E流下来的一条线。
12:07
You know, we were just in South Africa, and you can't go to South Africa
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我们刚刚说到南非，
12:11
without thinking of Mandela in jail for 27 years.
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如果你不去想曼德拉在铁窗中的27年，你是不能理解南非的。
12:15
What was he thinking about? Lunch?
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他当时在想些什么？午饭么？
12:17
No, he was thinking about the vision for South Africa
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不是，他在想南非的将来，
12:21
and for human beings. That's what kept --
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人类的将来。
12:22
this is about vision. This is about the long line.
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这是关于将来的一曲，关于这条长长的线。
12:25
Like the bird who flies over the field
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就好象鸟儿从天空中飞过田地，
12:27
and doesn't care about the fences underneath, all right?
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不会去管地上的栅栏一样，不是吗？
12:31
So now, you're going to follow the line all the way from B to E.
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所以，请你跟随我从B到E，连成一线。
12:34
And I've one last request before I play this piece all the way through.
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在我开始演奏之前，我还有一个请求。
12:38
Would you think of somebody who you adore, who's no longer there?
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请你想起一个你爱的人，但是他/她已经不在了。
12:43
A beloved grandmother, a lover --
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比如关爱你的奶奶，或者以前的爱人。
12:47
somebody in your life who you love with all your heart,
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一个在你生命中，让你用尽全心去爱的人，
12:50
but that person is no longer with you.
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但是他/她已经不在了。
12:54
Bring that person into your mind, and at the same time
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把他/她放在你的脑海中，同时，
12:57
follow the line all the way from B to E,
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跟随着我，从B到E。
13:01
and you'll hear everything that Chopin had to say.
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你会听到一切肖邦想说的话语。
13:09
(Music)
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（钢琴声）
15:00
(Applause)
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（掌声）
15:07
Now, you may be wondering,
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你可能在想，
15:12
you may be wondering why I'm clapping.
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你可能在想为什么我在鼓掌。
15:18
Well, I did this at a school in Boston
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因为，我在波士顿作这个演奏
15:20
with about 70 seventh graders, 12-year-olds.
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受众是七十个7年纪的学生们，12岁。
15:24
And I did exactly what I did with you, and I told them
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我做了同样的事情，
15:26
and explained them and the whole thing.
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我告诉他们，给他们解释了一切。
15:27
And at the end, they went crazy, clapping. They were clapping.
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曲子结束的时候，他们都狂呼了起来，鼓掌。他们在鼓掌，
15:30
I was clapping. They were clapping.
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我也在鼓掌。他们在鼓掌。
15:31
Finally, I said, "Why am I clapping?"
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我问，“为什么我也在鼓掌？”
15:33
And one of the little kids said, "Because we were listening."
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一个小孩叫到，“因为我们在听。”
15:34
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
15:40
Think of it. 1,600 people, busy people,
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想象一下。1600个人，忙碌的人。
15:42
involved in all sorts of different things,
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每个人都有这不同的职业。
15:45
listening, understanding and being moved by a piece by Chopin.
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每个人都认真聆听，理解，而且被这首肖邦感动。
15:51
Now that is something.
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这也算是成功了吧。
15:52
Now, am I sure that every single person followed that,
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我是不是能确定屋子里的每一个人都跟随着
15:55
understood it, was moved by it? Of course, I can't be sure.
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理解了，而且被感动了呢？我不确定。
15:58
But I tell you what happened to me.
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但是我要给你讲一个故事。
15:59
I was in Ireland during the Troubles, 10 years ago,
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10年前的爱尔兰正值动乱，我正好在那里。
16:02
and I was working with some Catholic and Protestant kids
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我去那里帮助一些天主教徒和新基督教徒
16:05
on conflict resolution. And I did this with them --
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的孩子解决一些矛盾问题。我也表演了刚才那一段。
16:10
a risky thing to do, because they were street kids.
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这是一件冒险的事。因为他们都是些在街头流浪的孩子。
16:12
And one of them came to me the next morning and he said,
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可第二天早晨，其中一个小孩找到我，他说，
16:16
"You know, I've never listened to classical music in my life,
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“我从来没有听过古典音乐，
16:19
but when you played that shopping piece ... "
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但是你弹的那个‘购物单’……“（肖邦在英文中音近购物）
16:20
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
16:23
He said, "My brother was shot last year and I didn't cry for him.
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他说，”我的哥哥去年被枪杀了，我没有为他掉一滴眼泪。
16:28
But last night, when you played that piece,
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但是昨晚你弹到那曲的时候，
16:29
he was the one I was thinking about.
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我在想我的哥哥。
16:32
And I felt the tears streaming down my face.
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我感到了自己的眼泪顺着脸颊淌下来。
16:34
And you know, it felt really good to cry for my brother."
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你知道吗，为哥哥哭的这种感觉很好。“
16:37
So I made up my mind at that moment
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在那一刻起，我就坚信，
16:39
that classical music is for everybody. Everybody.
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古典音乐可以打动每一个人，每一个人。
16:47
Now, how would you walk -- because you know,
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你怎么走路？你知道，
16:49
my profession, the music profession doesn't see it that way.
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我的行业，音乐行业不这么想。
16:53
They say three percent of the population likes classical music.
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他们说，3%的人喜欢古典音乐。
16:56
If only we could move it to four percent, our problems would be over.
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如果要是有4%，我们的世界就不会有那么多的问题了。
17:01
I say, "How would you walk? How would you talk? How would you be?
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我说，”你怎么走路？怎么说话？如果你只认为
17:04
If you thought, three percent of the population likes classical music,
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3%的人喜欢古典音乐,
17:08
if only we could move it to four percent. How would you walk?
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如果有4%就好了，你怎么走路？
17:10
How would you talk? How would you be?
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怎么说话？如果你知道
17:12
If you thought, everybody loves classical music --
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每一个人都热爱古典音乐，
17:14
they just haven't found out about it yet."
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只是他们不知道罢了。“
17:16
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
17:17
See, these are totally different worlds.
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看，这将是一个大不同的世界。
17:20
Now, I had an amazing experience. I was 45 years old,
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我45岁的时候有个特别的经历。
17:23
I'd been conducting for 20 years, and I suddenly had a realization.
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我在我指挥乐队20年以后，突然有一天意识到，
17:29
The conductor of an orchestra doesn't make a sound.
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乐团指挥自己完全不出一声。
17:32
My picture appears on the front of the CD --
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我的照片会跑到CD的封面上去--
17:34
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
17:37
-- but the conductor doesn't make a sound.
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但是其实指挥一声也不出。
17:40
He depends, for his power, on his ability to make other people powerful.
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他的能量在于发挥别人的力量。
17:44
And that changed everything for me. It was totally life changing.
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这个观点改变了我的一切。那是一个对整个生活态度的改变。
17:49
People in my orchestra came up to me and said,
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我的管弦乐队里的人跟我说，
17:50
"Ben, what happened?" That's what happened.
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”本, 怎么回事？“就是这么回事。
17:52
I realized my job was to awaken possibility in other people.
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我意识到了，我的任务就是发觉别人的潜力。
17:57
And of course, I wanted to know whether I was doing that.
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当然，我想知道我有没有做到这点。
18:00
And you know how you find out? You look at their eyes.
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你知道我怎么发现吗？我看他们的眼睛。
18:03
If their eyes are shining, you know you're doing it.
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如果他们的眼睛闪光,你就知道你做到了。
18:08
You could light up a village with this guy's eyes.
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这个小伙子的眼睛可以照亮一个小镇。
18:09
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
18:11
Right. So if the eyes are shining, you know you're doing it.
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所以，如果你看到了闪光的眼睛，你就知道你做到了。
18:13
If the eyes are not shining, you get to ask a question.
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如果他们的眼睛没有闪光，你就要问一个问题。
18:16
And this is the question:
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这样一个问题：
18:17
who am I being, that my players' eyes are not shining?
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如果我的队员们的眼睛没有闪光，我的存在是为了什么？
18:24
We can do that with our children, too.
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这也可以用在我们的孩子身上。
18:25
Who am I being, that my children's eyes are not shining?
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如果我的孩子们的眼睛没有闪光，我的存在是为了什么？
18:31
That's a totally different world.
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这是一个大为不同的世界。
18:33
Now, we're all about to end this magical, on-the-mountain week,
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我们马上就要结束这个神奇的，山顶上的一周了，
18:39
and we're going back into the world.
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我们马上就要回到现实世界里。
18:40
And I say, it's appropriate for us to ask the question,
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我想，我们应该问自己一个问题：
18:44
who are we being as we go back out into the world?
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我们回到现实世界中能做一些什么？
18:49
And you know, I have a definition of success.
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我有一个成功的定义。
18:52
For me, it's very simple. It's not about wealth and fame and power.
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这个定义很简单。它不是财富，名誉，权利。
18:54
It's about how many shining eyes I have around me.
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是在我身边有多少双闪光的眼睛。
18:58
So now, I have one last thought, which is
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我有最后一个想跟大家分享的想法，
19:01
that it really makes a difference what we say --
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就是我们的话语造成的不同。
19:04
the words that come out of our mouth.
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我们嘴里说出来的话有没有造成不同。
19:06
I learned this from a woman who survived Auschwitz,
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我从一个在奥斯威辛集中营活下来的女士那里学到了这个。
19:10
one of the rare survivors.
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她是少数的幸存者之一。
19:11
She went to Auschwitz when she was 15 years old,
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她在15岁的时候被关进了奥斯威辛集中营。
19:16
and her brother was eight, and the parents were lost.
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那时她的弟弟8岁，他们的父母都被杀害了。
19:23
And she told me this, she said,
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她告诉了我这个，她说，
19:28
"We were in the train going to Auschwitz, and I looked down
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“我们在去奥斯威辛的火车上，我低头的时候
19:31
and saw my brother's shoes were missing.
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发现我弟弟的鞋不见了。
19:34
And I said, 'Why are you so stupid, can't you keep your things together
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我很生气，说，”你怎么这么笨，
19:37
for goodness' sake?' " The way an elder sister
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看在上帝的份上，你就不能看好你自己的东西吗？”——用一种大姐
19:38
might speak to a younger brother.
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会和弟弟说话的方式。
19:42
Unfortunately, it was the last thing she ever said to him,
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不幸的是，这是她对她弟弟说的最后一句话。
19:45
because she never saw him again. He did not survive.
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她再也没有见过她弟弟。他没有幸存下来。
19:49
And so when she came out of Auschwitz, she made a vow.
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当她从奥斯威辛活下来后，她发了个誓。
19:52
She told me this. She said, "I walked out of Auschwitz into life
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她说，”我活着从奥斯威辛走了出来，
19:56
and I made a vow. And the vow was, I will never say anything
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我发了个誓。这誓言就是，我再也不会说任何一句话
20:02
that couldn't stand as the last thing I ever say."
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如果那句话不能当做我死前的最后一句。“
20:05
Now, can we do that? No. And we'll make ourselves wrong
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我们能做到这点么？不能。我们都会犯错。
20:10
and others wrong. But it is a possibility to live into. Thank you.
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但是这是一个我们可能去努力达到的生活态度。谢谢。
20:17
(Applause)
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（掌声）
20:23
Shining eyes, shining eyes.
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闪光的眼睛，闪光的眼睛。
20:34
Thank you, thank you.
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谢谢，谢谢。
20:38
(Music)
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（音乐）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Benjamin Zander - ConductorA leading interpreter of Mahler and Beethoven, Benjamin Zander is known for his charisma and unyielding energy -- and for his brilliant pre-concert talks.
Why you should listen
Since 1979, Benjamin Zander has been the conductor of the Boston Philharmonic. He is known around the world as both a guest conductor and a speaker on leadership -- and he's been known to do both in a single performance. He uses music to help people open their minds and create joyful harmonies that bring out the best in themselves and their colleagues.
His provocative ideas about leadership are rooted in a partnership with Rosamund Stone Zander, with whom he co-wrote The Art of Possibility.
Benjamin Zander | Speaker | TED.com