ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

Murray Gell-Mann: The ancestor of language

Murray Gell-Mann über den Urahn aller Sprachen

Filmed:
944,446 views

Nachdem er bei TED2007 über die Eleganz in der Physik gesprochen hat, verschafft Murray Gell-Mann uns einen raschen Überblick über ein anderes Herzensthema: Die Suche nach dem gemeinsamen Vorfahren unserer modernen Sprachen.
- Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Well, I'm involvedbeteiligt in other things, besidesAußerdem physicsPhysik.
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Also, ich beschäftige mich mit anderen Dingen außer Physik.
00:17
In factTatsache, mostlymeist now in other things.
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Heutzutage tatsächlich meistens mit anderen Dingen.
00:19
One thing is distantentfernt relationshipsBeziehungen amongunter humanMensch languagesSprachen.
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Eins betrifft entfernte Verwandtschaften zwischen menschlichen Sprachen.
00:24
And the professionalProfessionel, historicalhistorisch linguistsLinguisten in the U.S.
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Und die professionellen historischen Sprachwissenschaftler in den USA
00:28
and in WesternWestern EuropeEuropa mostlymeist try to staybleibe away
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und Westeuropa versuchen im Großen und Ganzen sich
00:31
from any long-distanceFern relationshipsBeziehungen, biggroß groupingsGruppierungen,
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von irgendwelchen weiträumigen Beziehungen fernzuhalten; Großgruppen,
00:35
groupingsGruppierungen that go back a long time,
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Gruppen, die eine lange Geschichte haben,
00:38
longerlänger than the familiarfamiliär familiesFamilien.
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länger als die bekannten Sprachfamilien.
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crankKurbel. I don't think it's crankKurbel.
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Die mögen das nicht; sie halten das für absonderlich. Ich finde das nicht absonderlich.
00:45
And there are some brilliantGenial linguistsLinguisten, mostlymeist RussiansRussen,
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Und es gibt den einen oder anderen brillianten Linguisten, meist Russen,
00:48
who are workingArbeiten on that, at SantaSanta FeFe InstituteInstitut and in MoscowMoskau,
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die an solchen Fragen arbeiten am Santa Fe Institute und in Moskau,
00:52
and I would love to see where that leadsführt.
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und ich würde zu gerne sehen, wohin das führt.
00:56
Does it really leadführen to a singleSingle ancestorVorfahren
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Führt das wirklich zu einem einzigen Vorfahren
00:59
some 20, 25,000 yearsJahre agovor?
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vor vielleicht 20, 25,000 Jahren?
01:02
And what if we go back beyonddarüber hinaus that singleSingle ancestorVorfahren,
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Und was wäre, wenn wir noch vor diesen einen Vorfahren zurückgingen,
01:05
when there was presumablyvermutlich a competitionWettbewerb amongunter manyviele languagesSprachen?
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als es vermutlich mehrere, konkurrierende Sprachen gab?
01:09
How farweit back does that go? How farweit back does modernmodern languageSprache go?
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Wie weit führt das zurück? Wie weit zurück reicht die Geschichte der modernen Sprachen?
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How manyviele tenszehn of thousandsTausende of yearsJahre does it go back?
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Wie viele Jahrzehntausende reicht sie zurück?
01:16
ChrisChris AndersonAnderson: Do you have a hunchVermutung or a hopeHoffnung for what the answerAntworten to that is?
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Chris Anderson: Haben Sie eine Ahnung oder Hoffnung, was die Antwort sein wird?
01:19
MurrayMurray Gell-MannGell-Mann: Well, I would guessvermuten that modernmodern languageSprache mustsollen be olderälter
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Murray Gell-Mann: Also, ich würde vermuten, dass moderne Sprache älter sein müssen
01:22
than the caveHöhle paintingsGemälde and caveHöhle engravingsGravuren and caveHöhle sculpturesSkulpturen
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als die Höhlenmalereien und Ritzungen und Skultpuren
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and dancetanzen stepsSchritte in the softweich clayLehm in the cavesHöhlen in WesternWestern EuropeEuropa,
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und die Tanzschritte im weichen Lehm in den Höhlen in Westeuropa,
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in the AurignacianAurignacien PeriodZeitraum some 35,000 yearsJahre agovor, or earliervorhin.
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die aus dem Aurignacien stammen, vor etwa 35,000 Jahren oder noch früher.
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I can't believe they did all those things and didn't alsoebenfalls have a modernmodern languageSprache.
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Ich mag nicht glauben, dass sie alle diese Dinge gemacht haben und keine moderne Sprache besaßen.
01:40
So, I would guessvermuten that the actualtatsächlich originUrsprung goesgeht back at leastam wenigsten that farweit and maybe furtherdes Weiteren.
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Also würde ich vermuten, dass der tatsächliche Ursprung mindestens so weit zurückliegt oder sogar noch weiter.
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or manyviele, or mostdie meisten
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Aber bedeutet das nicht, dass alle oder viele oder die meisten
01:48
of today'sheutige attestedbezeugt languagesSprachen couldn'tkonnte nicht descendAbstieg perhapsvielleicht
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der heute belegten Sprachen nicht auch von von einer Sprache
01:52
from one that's much youngerjünger than that, like say 20,000 yearsJahre,
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abstammen könnten, die viel jünger ist, etwa 20,000 Jahre,
01:56
or something of that kindArt. It's what we call a bottleneckEngpass.
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oder so in dieser Art. Da war etwas, das wir einen Engpass nennen.
02:00
CACA: Well, PhilipPhilip AndersonAnderson maykann have been right.
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CA: Also, Philip Anderson hatte vielleicht recht.
02:01
You maykann just know more about everything than anyonejemand.
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Sie wissen möglicherweise mehr über alles als irgendjemand.
02:04
So, it's been an honorEhre. Thank you MurrayMurray Gell-MannGell-Mann.
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Es war eine Ehre. Vielen Dank, Murray Gell-Mann.
02:06
(ApplauseApplaus)
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(Applaus)
Translated by Stephen Thompson
Reviewed by Matthias Daues

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com

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