ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

Murray Gell-Mann: The ancestor of language

मुर्रे गेल-मान भाषाओं के पूर्वज पर

Filmed:
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भौतिक विज्ञान की सुन्दरता पर TED २००७ में बात करने के पश्चात्, अद्भुत मुर्रे गेल-मान अपनी एक और आवेशपूर्ण रुचि का एक छोटा सा अवलोकन देते हैं: हमारी आधुनिक भाषाओं के सर्वनिष्ठ पूर्वज की खोज.
- Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Well, I'm involvedलिप्त in other things, besidesके अतिरिक्त physicsभौतिक विज्ञान.
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मैं भौतिकी के अलावा अन्य बातों में भी भाग ले रहा हूँ .
00:17
In factतथ्य, mostlyअधिकतर now in other things.
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दरअसल, ज्यादातर अब अन्य बातों में
00:19
One thing is distantदूर relationshipsरिश्तों amongके बीच में humanमानव languagesभाषाओं.
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एक बात है मानवीय भाषाओं के बीच दूर का सम्बन्ध
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And the professionalपेशेवर, historicalऐतिहासिक linguistsभाषाविद् in the U.S.
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और यूएस में पेशेवर, एतिहासिक भाषाविद
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and in Westernपश्चिमी Europeयूरोप mostlyअधिकतर try to stayरहना away
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और पश्चिम यूरोप में भी, ज्यादातर दूर रहने की कोशिश करते हैं
00:31
from any long-distanceलम्बी दूरी relationshipsरिश्तों, bigबड़े groupingsसमूहों,
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किसी भी लंबी दूरी की रिश्ते से, बड़े समूहों से,
00:35
groupingsसमूहों that go back a long time,
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समूह जो एक लम्बे समय से चलते आ रहे हैं
00:38
longerलंबे समय तक than the familiarपरिचित familiesपरिवारों.
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परिचित परिवारों से भी लम्बे समय से
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crankसनकी. I don't think it's crankसनकी.
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वे यह पसंद नहीं करते, उन्हें लगता हैं कि यह सनकी है. मुझे नहीं लगता कि यह सनकी है.
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And there are some brilliantप्रतिभाशाली linguistsभाषाविद्, mostlyअधिकतर Russiansरूसी,
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और कुछ शानदार भाषाविद , ज़्यादातर रूसी
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who are workingकाम कर रहे on that, at Santaसांता FeFe Instituteसंस्थान and in Moscowमास्को,
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सैंटा फे संस्थान और मॉस्को में इस पर काम कर रहे हैं
00:52
and I would love to see where that leadsसुराग.
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और यह कहाँ जाता है यह देखने में मुझे काफी ख़ुशी होगी.
00:56
Does it really leadनेतृत्व to a singleएक ancestorपूर्वज
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क्या यह सच में एक ही पूर्वज की तरफ इशारा करता है
00:59
some 20, 25,000 yearsवर्षों agoपूर्व?
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कुछ २० ,२५००० साल पहले ?
01:02
And what if we go back beyondपरे that singleएक ancestorपूर्वज,
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और तब क्या जब हम उस एक पूर्वज से और पीछे जाएँ,
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when there was presumablyशायद a competitionप्रतियोगिता amongके बीच में manyअनेक languagesभाषाओं?
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जब वहाँ संभवतः कई भाषाओं के बीच एक प्रतिस्पर्धा थी?
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How farदूर back does that go? How farदूर back does modernआधुनिक languageभाषा go?
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यह और कितना पीछे जाता है? आधुनिक भाषा और कितना पीछे जाती है
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How manyअनेक tensदसियों of thousandsहजारों of yearsवर्षों does it go back?
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यह कितने दसियों हजारों साल पीछे जाती हैं ?
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Chrisक्रिस Andersonएंडरसन: Do you have a hunchकूबड़ or a hopeआशा for what the answerउत्तर to that is?
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क्रिस एंडरसन: क्या आपके पास कोई अनुमान है की इसका उत्तर क्या होगा ?
01:19
Murrayमरे Gell-Mannगेलमन-मान: Well, I would guessअनुमान that modernआधुनिक languageभाषा mustजरूर be olderबड़े
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मुर्रे गेल-मान: खैर मुझे लगता है की आधुनिक भाषा काफी पुरानी होनी चाहिए
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than the caveगुफा paintingsचित्रों and caveगुफा engravingsEngravings and caveगुफा sculpturesमूर्तियां
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गुफा चित्रों और गुफा कंदकारी और गुफा मूर्तियों से
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and danceनृत्य stepsकदम in the softमुलायम clayचिकनी मिट्टी in the cavesगुफाओं in Westernपश्चिमी Europeयूरोप,
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और पश्चिमी यूरोप में गुफाओं में नरम मिट्टी में नृत्य के कदम से
01:31
in the AurignacianAurignacian Periodअवधि some 35,000 yearsवर्षों agoपूर्व, or earlierपूर्व.
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जो औरिग्नचियन अवधि कुछ ३५००० साल पहले की है, या उससे भी पहले
01:37
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't alsoभी have a modernआधुनिक languageभाषा.
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मैं विश्वास नहीं कर सकता कि उन्होंने यह सब किया और उनके पास एक आधुनिक भाषा नहीं थी
01:40
So, I would guessअनुमान that the actualवास्तविक originमूल goesजाता है back at leastकम से कम that farदूर and maybe furtherआगे की.
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तो मुझे लगता है कि वास्तविक मूल कम से कम तब का है या उससे भी पहले का.
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or manyअनेक, or mostअधिकांश
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लेकिन इसका मतलब यह नहीं है कि सब, या बहुत से या ज्यादातर
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of today'sआज का दि attestedअनुप्रमाणित languagesभाषाओं couldn'tनहीं कर सका descendउतर perhapsशायद
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आज की अनुप्रमाणित भाषाओं का जन्म
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from one that's much youngerछोटा than that, like say 20,000 yearsवर्षों,
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किसी ऐसी भाषा से हुआ जो की काफी नयी है, शायद २०००० साल पुरानी,
01:56
or something of that kindमेहरबान. It's what we call a bottleneckटोंटी.
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या उसी तरह की. इसे हम अड़चन कहते हैं
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CACa: Well, Philipफिलिप Andersonएंडरसन mayहो सकता है have been right.
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सीए: ठीक है, फिलिप एंडरसन शायद सही हो सकते हैं.
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You mayहो सकता है just know more about everything than anyoneकिसी को.
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आप शायद हर चीज़ के बारे में और किसी से ज्यादा जानते हैं .
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So, it's been an honorआदर. Thank you Murrayमरे Gell-Mannगेलमन-मान.
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यह हमारे लिए बहुत बड़ा सौभाग्य था. आपका धन्यवाद मुर्रे गेल-मान.
02:06
(Applauseप्रशंसा)
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(तालियाँ)
Translated by Anshul Tyagi
Reviewed by Omprakash Bisen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com

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