TED2007
Murray Gell-Mann: The ancestor of language
Murray Gell-Mann a nyelv őséről
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A TED2007-es, a fizika eleganciájáról tartott előadása után a csodálatos Murray Gell-Mann rövid bepillantást enged egy másik szenvedélyébe: a modern nyelvek közös őse után folytatott kutatásba.
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics.
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Nos, más dolgokkal is foglalkozom a fizikán kívül.
00:17
In fact, mostly now in other things.
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Sőt, manapság leginkább más dolgokkal.
00:19
One thing is distant relationships among human languages.
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Az egyik a távoli rokonság az emberi nyelvek között.
00:24
And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S.
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A hivatásos, történelmi nyelvészek az USA-ban
00:28
and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away
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és Nyugat-Európában igyekeznek tartózkodni
00:31
from any long-distance relationships, big groupings,
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bármilyen távoli rokonságtól; nagy csoportoktól,
00:35
groupings that go back a long time,
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amik nagyon régre nyúlnak vissza,
00:38
longer than the familiar families.
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régbbre, mint az ismerős családok.
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank.
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Nem szeretik, bolondságnak tartják. Én nem hiszem, hogy bolondság.
00:45
And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians,
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Van néhány zseniális nyelvész, leginkább oroszok,
00:48
who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow,
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akik ezt kutatják a Santa Fe intézetben és Moszkvában, és
00:52
and I would love to see where that leads.
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nagyon kíváncsi vagyok, ez hová fog vezetni.
00:56
Does it really lead to a single ancestor
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Vajon tényleg egy közös őshöz vezet,
00:59
some 20, 25,000 years ago?
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úgy 20-25.000 évvel ezelőtt?
01:02
And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor,
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És mi történik, ha ennél a közös ősnél tovább megyünk,
01:05
when there was presumably a competition among many languages?
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amikor feltehetően versengés folyt sok nyelv között?
01:09
How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go?
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Milyen régre nyúlik ez vissza? Milyen idős a modern nyelv?
01:13
How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
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Hány tíz ezer évre nyúlik vissza?
01:16
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
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Chris Anderson: Van egy megérzése vagy reménye, hogy mi erre a válasz?
01:19
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older
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Murray Gell-Mann: Nos, feltételezem, hogy a modern nyelv idősebb,
01:22
than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures
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mint a barlangfestmények, karcolt rajzok, barlangi szobrok
01:26
and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe,
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és tánclépések a nyugat-európai barlangok puha agyagában
01:31
in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier.
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az Aurignaci korból kb. 35.000 évvel ezelőtt, vagy még régebbi.
01:37
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language.
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Nem hiszem, hogy létre tudták volna hozni mindezt a modern nyelv nélkül.
01:40
So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
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Tehát az eredete legalább eddig nyúlik vissza, de talán még régebbre.
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most
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De ez nem azt jelenti, hogy mindegyik, vagy sok,
01:48
of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps
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vagy a legtöbb mai nyelv nem egy sokkal fiatalabb,
01:52
from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years,
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mondjuk 20.000 éves vagy akörüli őstől származik.
01:56
or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
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Ezt nevezzük ‘útszűkületnek’.
02:00
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.
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CA: Nos, Philip Andersonnak igaza volt.
02:01
You may just know more about everything than anyone.
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Lehet, hogy ön tényleg mindenről mindenkinél többet tud.
02:04
So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann.
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Megtiszteltetés volt. Köszönjük, Murray Gell-Mann.
02:06
(Applause)
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(Taps)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - PhysicistMurray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.
Why you should listen
He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.
Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.
A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com