TED2007
Murray Gell-Mann: The ancestor of language
Mari Gel-Man o poreklu jezika
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Posle svog predavanja o elegantnosti fizike tokom TED2007, zapanjujući Mari Gel-Man daje kratak pregled još jednog svog pasioniranog interesovanja: pronalaženja zajedničkog porekla naših modernih jezika.
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics.
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Pa, bavim se i drugim stvarima, pored fizike.
00:17
In fact, mostly now in other things.
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Zapravo, trenutno se uglavnom bavim drugim stvarima.
00:19
One thing is distant relationships among human languages.
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Jedna od njih su daleke veze između ljudskih jezika.
00:24
And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S.
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Profesionalni, istorijski lingvisti u SAD
00:28
and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away
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i Zapadnoj Evropi se uglavnom ne bave
00:31
from any long-distance relationships, big groupings,
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tim "vezama na daljinu", velikim grupisanjima,
00:35
groupings that go back a long time,
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grupisanjima koja se protežu dugo unazad,
00:38
longer than the familiar families.
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dalje od poznatih familija.
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank.
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Ne sviđa im se to; misle da je neozbiljno. Ne slažem se sa njima.
00:45
And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians,
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Neki brilijantni lingvisti, uglavnom Rusi,
00:48
who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow,
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rade na tome na Santa Fe Institutu i u Moskvi,
00:52
and I would love to see where that leads.
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i voleo bih da vidim gde ta istraživanja vode.
00:56
Does it really lead to a single ancestor
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Da li će zaista ukazati na jedinstvenog pretka
00:59
some 20, 25,000 years ago?
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koji je postojao pre nekih 20, 25 hiljada godina?
01:02
And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor,
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I šta ako "pogledamo" pre tog jedinstvenog pretka,
01:05
when there was presumably a competition among many languages?
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gde pretpostavljamo da se mnogo jezika "takmičilo"?
01:09
How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go?
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Koliko dugo to traje? Koliko dugo postoji moderan jezik?
01:13
How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
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Koliko mnogo desetina hiljada godina?
01:16
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
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Kris Anderson: Imate li neku pretpostavku ili nadu vezano za odgovor na to pitanje?
01:19
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older
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Mari Gel-Man: Pa, pretpostavljam da moderni jezik mora biti stariji
01:22
than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures
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od pećinskih crteža, pećinskih gravura i pećinskih skulptura,
01:26
and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe,
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i plesnih koraka u mekoj glini u pećinama Zapadne Evrope
01:31
in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier.
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u Orinjasijen periodu, pre nekih 35 hiljada godina, ili čak ranije.
01:37
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language.
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Ne verujem da su radili sve te stvari, a da nisu imali moderan jezik.
01:40
So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
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Stoga pretpostavljam da potiče iz tog vremena zapravo, a možda i iz nekog ranijeg.
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most
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To ne znači da svi, ili mnogi, ili većina
01:48
of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps
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jezika za koje danas znamo nisu mogli nastati
01:52
from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years,
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od nekog koji je mnogo mlađi od toga, npr. 20 hiljada godina,
01:56
or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
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ili nešto slično. To je ono što zovemo "usko grlo".
02:00
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.
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Kris Anderson: Filip Anderson je izgleda bio u pravu.
02:01
You may just know more about everything than anyone.
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Vi možda zaista znate o bilo čemu više od bilo koga.
02:04
So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann.
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Bila nam je čast. Hvala Vam, Mari Gel-Mane.
02:06
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - PhysicistMurray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.
Why you should listen
He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.
Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.
A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com