ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

Murray Gell-Mann: The ancestor of language

Murray Gell-Mann flet për paraardhësin e gjuhës

Filmed:
944,446 views

Pasi foli në TED2007 në lidhje me hijeshinë në fizikë, i mrekullueshmi Murray Gell-Mann jep një vështrim të shpejtë në lidhje me një tjetër temë për të cilën është i pasionuar: gjetjen e paraardhësit të përbashkët të gjuhëve tona moderne.
- Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics.
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E pra, jam i përfshirë në gjëra të tjera përveç fizikës.
00:17
In fact, mostly now in other things.
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Në fakt tani jam i përfshirë më shumë në gjëra të tjera se sa në fizikë.
00:19
One thing is distant relationships among human languages.
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Një gjë është lidhjet e largëta në mes të gjuhëve të njerëzve.
00:24
And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S.
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Dhe profesionistët, linguistët që merren me historitë e gjuhëve, edhe këtu në SHBA,
00:28
and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away
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dhe në Europën Perëndimore, në shumicën e rasteve mundohen të distancohen nga ide të tilla
00:31
from any long-distance relationships, big groupings,
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që kanë të bëjnë me lidhje dhe grupime të mëdha,
00:35
groupings that go back a long time,
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grupime që kanë ndodhur para shumë kohe,
00:38
longer than the familiar families.
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para familjeve ekzistuese të gjuhëve.
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank.
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Atyre nuk iu pëlqen kjo gjë. Ata mendojnë që është një ide manike, por unë nuk mendoj kështu.
00:45
And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians,
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Ka disa linguistë briliantë, shumica prej tyre rus,
00:48
who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow,
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të cilët po punojnë në këtë gjë, në Institutin Santa Fe në Moskë,
00:52
and I would love to see where that leads.
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dhe do të më pëlqente shumë të shihja se cilin përfundim do të nxjerrin studimet e tyre.
00:56
Does it really lead to a single ancestor
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A me të vërtetë na dërgon tek një paraardhës i vetëm
00:59
some 20, 25,000 years ago?
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mbase i para 20.000 apo 25.000 vitesh më parë?
01:02
And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor,
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Dhe çfarë nëse shohim prapa edhe më tej se ai paraardhës i përbashkët,
01:05
when there was presumably a competition among many languages?
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atëherë kur me sa dimë kishte gara mes gjuhëve të ndryshme?
01:09
How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go?
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Sa kohë më parë kishte ndodhur ajo? Sa kohë më parë filloi përdorimi i gjuhëve moderne?
01:13
How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
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Para sa dhjetëra mijëra viteve ndodhi ajo?
01:16
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
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Chris Anderson: A ke ndonjë ide apo shpresë në lidhje me atë se cila mund të jetë në fakt përgjigjia në këto pyetje?
01:19
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older
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Murray Gell-Mann: E po, do të thoja se gjuha moderne është më e vjetër
01:22
than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures
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se sa pikturat, gravurat dhe skulpturat nëpër shpella
01:26
and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe,
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dhe se sa hapat e vallëzimit nëpër shpella në Europën Perëndimore,
01:31
in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier.
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në Periudhën Aurignacia rreth 35.000 vite më parë, apo edhe më herët.
01:37
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language.
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Nuk mund të besoj se i kanë bërë gjithë ato gjëra e nuk kanë pasur gjuhë moderne.
01:40
So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
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Kështu që, do të thoja që origjina është të paktën aq herët apo daton edhe më herët se sa aq.
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most
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Por kjo nuk do të thotë që të gjitha, apo shumë, apo shumica
01:48
of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps
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nga gjuhët e sotme të vërtetuara nuk kanë buruar mbase nga
01:52
from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years,
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një që është shumë më e re se aq, të themi dikund para 20.000 vitesh,
01:56
or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
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ose diçka të tillë. Kjo është ajo që quajmë grykë shishe.
02:00
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.
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CA: E pra, Philip Anderson mund të kishte të drejtë.
02:01
You may just know more about everything than anyone.
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Ju mbase dini më shumë për më shumë gjëra se sa secili tjetër person.
02:04
So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann.
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Kështu që ishte kënaqësi. Ju faleminderit Murray Gell-Mann.
02:06
(Applause)
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(Duartrokitje)
Translated by Jeta Rudi
Reviewed by Helena Bedalli

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com

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