TED2007
Murray Gell-Mann: The ancestor of language
Murray Gell-Mann ile dillerin atası üzerine
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TED2007'de fiziğin zerafeti üzerine verdiği konuşmasından sonra, hayrete düşüren Murray Gell-Mann'dan, tutkuyla ilgilendiği bir diğer konuda kısa bir özet: Çağdaş dillerin atasının araştırılması.
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics.
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Evet, fizikten başka konularla da ilgiliyim.
00:17
In fact, mostly now in other things.
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aslına bakarsanız, şimdilerde özellikle başka konularla ilgiliyim.
00:19
One thing is distant relationships among human languages.
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Bunlardan biri insan dilleri arasındaki uzak akrabalıklar.
00:24
And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S.
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Batı Avrupa ve Amerika'da bu işi meslek edinmiş
00:28
and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away
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tarihsel dilbilimciler, bu tür uzun mesafeli akrabalıklar
00:31
from any long-distance relationships, big groupings,
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ve geniş öbeklemelerden çekiniyorlar,
00:35
groupings that go back a long time,
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alışılagelmiş dil ailelerinin ötesine geçen,
00:38
longer than the familiar families.
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daha eskilere uzanan öbeklemelerden kaçınıyorlar.
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank.
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Hoşlarına gitmiyor; uçuk gibi geliyor. Bence uçuk değil.
00:45
And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians,
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Ve bu konu üzerinde Santa Fe Enstitüsünde ve Moskova'da
00:48
who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow,
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çalışan son derece parlak bazı dilbilimciler var, çoğu Rus,
00:52
and I would love to see where that leads.
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Bu araştırmaların sonuçlarına ilgim büyük.
00:56
Does it really lead to a single ancestor
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Acaba gerçekten de 20, 25 bin yıl öncesine,
00:59
some 20, 25,000 years ago?
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bir ortak ata dile yönelim var mı?
01:02
And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor,
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Ya böyle bir ortak ve tek atanın da öncesine,
01:05
when there was presumably a competition among many languages?
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bir çok dilin yarışma halinde olduğu dönemlere gidilse?
01:09
How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go?
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Ne kadar eskiye dayanır? Çağdaş dillerin tarihi nereye kadar gider?
01:13
How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
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Onlarca, yüzlerce binyıl?
01:16
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
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Chris Anderson: Yanıtın ne olduğu konusunda bir önsezi ya da umudunuz var mı?
01:19
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older
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Bana sorarsanız, çağdaş diller, mağara resimleri, mağara heykelleri,
01:22
than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures
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mağara oymacılığı, ve Batı Avrupa mağaralarında yumuşak kilde bulunan
01:26
and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe,
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dans adımlarından da yaşlı olsa gerek.
01:31
in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier.
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Yani yaklaşık 35 bin yıl öncesi, Aurignac Dönemi, belki daha da eski.
01:37
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language.
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Bütün bu eserleri yaratanların çağdaş dile sahip olmadıklarını düşünemiyorum.
01:40
So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
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Dolayısıyla önsezim gerçek kökenlerin en az o kadar, belki daha da eski olduğu.
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most
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Tabii bu bugün kullanılar ve araştırılan güncel dillerin hepsinin,
01:48
of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps
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birçoğunun, ya da çoğunun çok daha genç, diyelim ki,
01:52
from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years,
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20 bin yıl yaşlarında, ya da o civarda, olmadığı anlamına gelmiyor.
01:56
or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
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Genetikte darboğaz adlı verilen şey bu.
02:00
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.
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CA: Yani Philip Anderson haklı olabilir.
02:01
You may just know more about everything than anyone.
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Gerçekten de herşey hakkında herkesten daha bilgili olabilirsiniz.
02:04
So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann.
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Şeref verdiniz. Çok sağolun, Murray Gell-Mann.
02:06
(Applause)
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(Alkış)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - PhysicistMurray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.
Why you should listen
He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.
Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.
A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com