ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com

TED2007

Murray Gell-Mann: The ancestor of language

머레이 겔만 : 언어의 기원에 관해서

Filmed: 2007-03-03

Readability: 3.6

944,446 views

TED2007에서 물리학의 우아함에 관해 발표 했던 머레이 겔만이 전혀 다른 분야의 관심사에 대해 언급했습니다. 현대 언어의 공통된 기원은 무엇인가? 라고..

Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13

Well, I'm involved뒤얽힌 in other things, besides게다가 physics물리학.

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저는 물리학 외에 다른 것들도 연구하고 있습니다

00:17

In fact것, mostly대개 now in other things.

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사실 지금은 물리학이 뒷전이죠

00:19

One thing is distant먼 relationships관계 among사이에 human인간의 languages언어.

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그 중 하나는 멀리 떨어져있는 언어들 간의 관계입니다

00:24

And the professional직업적인, historical역사적인 linguists언어 학자 in the U.S.

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미국과 서유럽의 전문적인 역사언어학자들은...

00:28

and in Western서부 사람 Europe유럽 mostly대개 try to stay머무르다 away

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멀리 떨어져있는 언어들 간의 관계가

00:31

from any long-distance긴 거리 relationships관계, big큰 groupings그룹화,

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하나의 큰 집합체 라는 것을 외면하려 하죠

00:35

groupings그룹화 that go back a long time,

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그것은 아주 아래 전으로 거슬러 올라갑니다

00:38

longer더 길게 than the familiar익숙한 families가족들.

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어족 보다 훨씬 멀리 올라가죠

00:41

They don't like that. They think it's crank크랭크. I don't think it's crank크랭크.

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언어학자들은 싫어하더군요. 이상하답니다. 하지만 제 생각은 달라요

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And there are some brilliant훌륭한 linguists언어 학자, mostly대개 Russians러시아 사람,

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러시아 분들 중에 천재적인 언어학자들이 있습니다

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who are working일 on that, at Santa산타 FeFe Institute학회 and in Moscow모스크바,

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모스크바나 산타페 인스티튜트에서 주로 일하죠

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and I would love to see where that leads리드.

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이분들의 결과가 정말로 기대됩니다

00:56

Does it really lead리드 to a single단일 ancestor선조

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정말로 모든 언어가 하나의 원형에서 나온 것일까요?

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some 20, 25,000 years연령 ago...전에?

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2만 5천년 전까지 거슬러 올라간다면?

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And what if we go back beyond...을 넘어서 that single단일 ancestor선조,

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만약 또 그 이전으로 거슬러 올라 간다면...

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when there was presumably아마도 a competition경쟁 among사이에 many많은 languages언어?

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그 원형은 또 다른 언어들과 경쟁하고 있었을까요?

01:09

How far멀리 back does that go? How far멀리 back does modern현대 language언어 go?

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이것은 또 얼마나 거슬러 올라가야 할까요?

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How many많은 tens수십 of thousands수천 of years연령 does it go back?

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현대 언어의 역사는 얼마나 깊은 걸까요? 수 만년?

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Chris크리스 Anderson앤더슨: Do you have a hunch직감 or a hope기대 for what the answer대답 to that is?

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결론이 무엇일지에 대해 감이 오십니까?

01:19

Murray머레이 Gell-Mann겔만: Well, I would guess추측 that modern현대 language언어 must절대로 필요한 것 be older더 오래된

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글세요, 제 생각에 현대 언어의 역사는...

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than the cave동굴 paintings그림들 and cave동굴 engravings판화 and cave동굴 sculptures조각들

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서유럽의 동굴 벽화나 판각, 조각, 춤의 흔적...

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and dance댄스 steps걸음 in the soft부드러운 clay점토 in the caves동굴 in Western서부 사람 Europe유럽,

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같은 것들 보다는 더 오래 전 이야기 같아요

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in the AurignacianAurignacian Period기간 some 35,000 years연령 ago...전에, or earlier일찍이.

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3만 5천년 이상된 구석기(오리냑) 시대 말이죠

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I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also또한 have a modern현대 language언어.

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그런 것을 할 수 있다면 현대적 언어도 있었겠죠

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So, I would guess추측 that the actual실제의 origin유래 goes간다 back at least가장 작은 that far멀리 and maybe further더욱이.

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그래서 최소한 그 때쯤으로 추측하고 있어요

01:45

But that doesn't mean that all, or many많은, or most가장

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하지만 오늘날의 언어들 중 대부분 혹은 모두가

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of today's오늘의 attested증명 된 languages언어 couldn't할 수 없었다 descend하강하다 perhaps혹시

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더 후세기의 어떤 언어, 즉 약 2만년 전의

01:52

from one that's much younger더 젊은 than that, like say 20,000 years연령,

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단일 언어에서 전해졌다는 가정도 맞을 수 있어요

01:56

or something of that kind종류. It's what we call a bottleneck병목.

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병목기간 이라고 부르는 시기이지요

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CA캘리포니아 주: Well, Philip필립 Anderson앤더슨 may할 수있다 have been right.

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필립스 앤더슨이 맞는 것 같습니다

02:01

You may할 수있다 just know more about everything than anyone누군가.

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정말 모든 것에 대해 모든 사람들 보다...

02:04

So, it's been an honor명예. Thank you Murray머레이 Gell-Mann겔만.

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더 많이 알고 계신 듯 하네요. 감사합니다

02:06

(Applause박수 갈채)

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(박수)

Translated by SK Baek
Reviewed by Wookseob Jeong

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com

THE ORIGINAL VIDEO ON TED.COM

머레이 겔만 : 언어의 기원에 관해서 | TED Talk | TED.com