TED2007
Murray Gell-Mann: The ancestor of language
Murray Gell-Mann o porijeklu jezika
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Nakon što je govorio na TED2007 o eleganciji u fizici, nevjerojatni Murray Gell-Mann daje brzi pregled još jednog svog strastvenog interesa: pronalaženja zajedničkog porijekla modernih jezika.
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics.
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Dakle, uključen sam i u druge stvari osim fizike.
00:17
In fact, mostly now in other things.
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U stvari, sada se uglavnom bavim drugim stvarima.
00:19
One thing is distant relationships among human languages.
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Jedna stvar su daleka srodstva među ljudskim jezicima.
00:24
And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S.
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A profesionalni, povijesni jezikoslovci u SAD-u
00:28
and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away
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i Zapadnoj Europi uglavnom pokušavaju ostati po strani
00:31
from any long-distance relationships, big groupings,
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od bilo kakvih dalekih povezanosti; velikih grupiranja,
00:35
groupings that go back a long time,
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grupiranja koja sežu daleko u prošlost,
00:38
longer than the familiar families.
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dalje od poznatih porodica jezika.
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank.
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Oni to ne vole; misle kako je to neozbiljno. Ja se ne slažem s time.
00:45
And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians,
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I postoje neki briljantni jezikoslovci, uglavnom Rusi,
00:48
who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow,
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koji na tome rade u Santa Fe institutu i u Moskvi,
00:52
and I would love to see where that leads.
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I volio bih vidjeti gdje će nas to odvesti.
00:56
Does it really lead to a single ancestor
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Vodi li to zaista ka jednom pretku
00:59
some 20, 25,000 years ago?
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nekih 20, 25 tisuća godina unazad?
01:02
And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor,
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I što ako odemo još dalje od tog jedinstvenog pretka.
01:05
when there was presumably a competition among many languages?
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kada je, po svoj prilici, postojalo suparništvo između mnoštva jezika?
01:09
How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go?
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Koliko daleko moramo ići? Koliko dugo postoji moderan jezik?
01:13
How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
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Koliko desetina tisuća godina to seže u povijest?
01:16
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
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Chris Anderson: Imate li osjeća ili nadu kakav bi mogao biti odgovor?
01:19
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older
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Murray Gell-Mann: Pretpostavljam kako moderni jezik mora biti stariji
01:22
than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures
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od špiljskih crteža, gravura, skulptura
01:26
and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe,
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i plesnih koraka u mekanoj glini u pećinama Zapadne Europe
01:31
in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier.
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u razdoblju orinjasijena prije nekih 35,000 godina ili ranije.
01:37
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language.
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Ne mogu vjerovati kako su radili sve te stvari, a da nisu imali moderni jezik.
01:40
So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
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Tako da pretpostavljam kako stvarno porijeklo seže barem dotle, a možda i dalje.
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most
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Ali to ne znači kako svi, ili puno, ili većina
01:48
of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps
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danas poznatih jezika možda ne vodi porijeklo
01:52
from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years,
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od nekog koji je mnogo mlađi od toga, recimo 20,000 godina
01:56
or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
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ili tako nešto. To je ono što nazivamo uskim grlom.
02:00
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.
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CA: Dakle, Philip Anderson je možda bio u pravu.
02:01
You may just know more about everything than anyone.
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Vi možda doista znate više o svemu od bilo koga drugoga.
02:04
So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann.
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Zaista mi je bila čast. Hvala vam Murray Gell-Mann.
02:06
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - PhysicistMurray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.
Why you should listen
He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.
Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.
A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com