ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

Murray Gell-Mann: The ancestor of language

Мюррей Гелл-Манн: Тілдердің пайда болуы туралы

Filmed:
944,446 views

2007 жылы физика ғылымының кереметі жайлы TED баяндамасынан кейін Мюррей Гелл-Ман тілдердің шығу тарихына қатысты деректерге қызығып жүргені жайлы айтып қалды.
- Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics.
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Физикадан бөлек ғылымның басқа саласына да
қызығамын.
00:17
In fact, mostly now in other things.
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Әсіресе қазіргі уақытта.
00:19
One thing is distant relationships among human languages.
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Әртүрлі халықтардың тілдерінің
арасындағы ұқсастықтары қызықтырады.
00:24
And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S.
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Тіл тарихын зерттейтін лингвистердің көбі,
әсіресе америкалықтар
00:28
and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away
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және Батыс Еуропадан шыққандар, көбіне
00:31
from any long-distance relationships, big groupings,
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ірі тілдер тобының арасындағы байланысты,
00:35
groupings that go back a long time,
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әсіресе, біз білетін тілдер тобынан
00:38
longer than the familiar families.
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ерте пайда болғандарына назар аудармайды.
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank.
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Оларға бұл ұнамайды. Себебі оны маңызсыз
деп санайды. Бірақ олай ойламаймын.
00:45
And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians,
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Әсіресе дарынды ресей лингвистері
00:48
who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow,
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Мәскеудегі Санта Фе Институтында осыны
зерттеуде.
00:52
and I would love to see where that leads.
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Бұл бізді қайда апаратынын білсем деймін.
00:56
Does it really lead to a single ancestor
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Түбі бәріміз, 20-25 мың жыл бұрын
00:59
some 20, 25,000 years ago?
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бір атадан тарадық дер ме екен?
01:02
And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor,
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Егер оған дейінгі уақытты алсақ ше.
01:05
when there was presumably a competition among many languages?
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Мысалы, тілдер өзара бәсекелескен кезең
01:09
How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go?
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қай уақытта басталған? Қазіргі заман
қаншалықты артқа шегінеді?
01:13
How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
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Осының бәрі
қанша мың жыл бұрын басталған?
01:16
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
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Крис Андерсон: Бұл сұраққа қандай да бір
жауабыңыз бар ма?
01:19
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older
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Мюррей Гелл-Манн: Заманауи тіл, меніңше,
таңбалы тастардан,
01:22
than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures
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жазулардан, үңгірдегі мүсіндерден
01:26
and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe,
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және Батыс Еуропадағы саз балшықтағы
би іздерінен ерте болуы керек.
01:31
in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier.
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35 мың жыл бұрынғы Ориньяк дәуірі
немесе одан ерте.
01:37
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language.
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Осының бәрін жасағанда бір тіл
жасай алмағанына сенбеймін.
01:40
So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
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Тілдің түп қайнары тереңде
жатыр деп ойлаймын.
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most
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Бұл дегенім, қалған немесе басқа
01:48
of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps
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тілдер олардан кейін пайда болған,
01:52
from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years,
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бәлкім, 20 мың жыл бұрынғы тілден
тарады дегенмен келіспеймін дегенім емес.
01:56
or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
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Біз мұны "тар кезең" дейміз.
02:00
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.
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Филип Андерсонның
02:01
You may just know more about everything than anyone.
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"Сендердің білімдерің өзге
адамдарға қарағанда көбірек"
02:04
So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann.
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дегені рас болар. Көріскеніме қуаныштымын!
02:06
(Applause)
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Қол шапалақ
Translated by Askhat Yerkimbay
Reviewed by Nursultan Aubakirov

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com

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