TEDWomen 2010
Sheryl Sandberg: Why we have too few women leaders
Sheryl Sandberg: Por que hai tan poucas mulleres en postos de liderazgo?
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A directora de operacións de Facebook, Sheryl Sandberg, examina o porqué da menor porcentaxe de mulleres que alcanzan a cima da sua profesión en comparación cos homes e ofrécenos tres consellos importantes para mulleres que pretenden chegar a postos directivos.
Sheryl Sandberg - COO, Facebook
As the COO at the helm of Facebook, Sheryl Sandberg juggles the tasks of monetizing the world’s largest social networking site while keeping its users happy and engaged. Full bio
As the COO at the helm of Facebook, Sheryl Sandberg juggles the tasks of monetizing the world’s largest social networking site while keeping its users happy and engaged. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So for any of us in this room today,
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Todos os que estamos hoxe aquí
00:17
let's start out by admitting we're lucky.
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comecemos admitindo que temos sorte.
00:20
We don't live in the world
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Non vivimos no mundo
00:22
our mothers lived in, our grandmothers lived in,
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no que vivían as nosas nais e avoas
00:24
where career choices for women were so limited.
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onde as opcións de futuro para as mulleres eran moi limitadas.
00:27
And if you're in this room today,
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E se estás nesta sala hoxe,
00:29
most of us grew up in a world
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a maioría de nós medramos nun mundo
00:31
where we had basic civil rights,
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onde temos dereitos civís básicos
00:34
and amazingly, we still live in a world
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e, sorprendentemente, aínda vivimos nun mundo
00:36
where some women don't have them.
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no que algunhas mulleres non os teñen.
00:38
But all that aside, we still have a problem,
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Pero, alén diso, aínda temos un problema,
00:40
and it's a real problem.
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e é un problema real.
00:42
And the problem is this:
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E o problema é que
00:44
Women are not making it
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as mulleres non están acadando
00:46
to the top of any profession
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o cume das súas profesións
00:48
anywhere in the world.
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en ningures.
00:50
The numbers tell the story quite clearly.
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Os números dino claramente
00:52
190 heads of state --
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190 xefes de estado
00:54
nine are women.
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nove son mulleres.
00:56
Of all the people in parliament in the world,
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Dos membros do parlamento en todo o mundo,
00:58
13 percent are women.
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un 13% son mulleres.
01:00
In the corporate sector,
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No mundo da empresa,
01:02
women at the top,
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as mulleres no cume:
01:04
C-level jobs, board seats --
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executivas, consellos de administración...
01:06
tops out at 15, 16 percent.
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representan o 15, 16 ó sumo.
01:09
The numbers have not moved since 2002
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Isto non mudou dende 2002
01:11
and are going in the wrong direction.
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e van na dirección errada.
01:14
And even in the non-profit world,
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E, mesmo en institucións sen ánimo de lucro,
01:16
a world we sometimes think of
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un mundo que ás veces pensamos
01:18
as being led by more women,
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está dirixido por mulleres,
01:20
women at the top: 20 percent.
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as mulleres en altas posicións son o 20%.
01:22
We also have another problem,
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Mais temos tamén outro problema
01:24
which is that women face harder choices
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é que as mulleres encaran eleccións máis difíciles
01:27
between professional success and personal fulfillment.
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entre o éxito profesional e a realización persoal.
01:30
A recent study in the U.S.
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Un estudo recente nos Estados Unidos
01:32
showed that, of married senior managers,
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amosou que dos altos directivos casados,
01:35
two-thirds of the married men had children
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dous terzos dos homes casados teñen fillos
01:38
and only one-third of the married women had children.
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e só un terzo das mulleres casadas teñen fillos.
01:41
A couple of years ago, I was in New York,
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Hai un par de anos, estaba en Nova Iorque
01:43
and I was pitching a deal,
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para presentar un acordo,
01:45
and I was in one of those fancy New York private equity offices
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e estaba nunha desas típicas oficinas de empresa elegantes,
01:47
you can picture.
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xa sabedes.
01:49
And I'm in the meeting -- it's about a three-hour meeting --
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E na reunión, --unha xuntanza de preto de tres horas --
01:52
and two hours in, there kind of needs to be that bio break,
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logo de duas horas, precisabamos unha pausa para ir ó baño,
01:55
and everyone stands up,
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entón ergueuse todo o mundo ,
01:57
and the partner running the meeting
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e o anfitrión da reunión
01:59
starts looking really embarrassed.
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asemella estar moi incómodo.
02:01
And I realized he doesn't know
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E decateime de que non sabía
02:03
where the women's room is in his office.
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onde estaba o baño das mulleres na oficina.
02:05
So I start looking around for moving boxes,
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Entón comecei a ollar arredor por caixas,
02:07
figuring they just moved in, but I don't see any.
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pensando que se mudaran recentemente, pero non vin ningunha.
02:10
And so I said, "Did you just move into this office?"
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E preguntei: "Mudástesvos hai pouco?"
02:13
And he said, "No, we've been here about a year."
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E dixo: "Non, levamos case un ano aquí."
02:16
And I said, "Are you telling me
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E eu lle dixen: "Estás a dicir
02:19
that I am the only woman
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que eu son a única muller
02:21
to have pitched a deal in this office in a year?"
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que veu a pechar un acordo nesta oficina nun ano?"
02:24
And he looked at me, and he said,
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Mirou para min e dixo:
02:26
"Yeah. Or maybe you're the only one who had to go to the bathroom."
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"Si. Ou quizais es a única que quería ir ao baño."
02:29
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
02:31
So the question is,
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Entón a cuestión é:
02:33
how are we going to fix this?
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como podemos solucionar isto?
02:36
How do we change these numbers at the top?
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Como podemos cambiar estes números?
02:39
How do we make this different?
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Como podemos mudar isto?
02:42
I want to start out by saying,
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Quero comezar por dicir
02:44
I talk about this --
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que eu falo sobre isto,
02:46
about keeping women in the workforce --
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de manter as mulleres no mercado de traballo,
02:48
because I really think that's the answer.
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porque realmente creo que esa é a resposta.
02:50
In the high-income part of our workforce,
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Na parte alta da renda no mundo laboral,
02:52
in the people who end up at the top --
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entre as persoas que acadan os mellores traballos:
02:55
Fortune 500 CEO jobs,
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director xeral nas empresas do Fortune 500
02:57
or the equivalent in other industries --
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ou o equivalente noutras áreas.
03:00
the problem, I am convinced,
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O problema, estou convencida,
03:02
is that women are dropping out.
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é que as mulleres están abandonando.
03:04
Now people talk about this a lot,
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A xente fala moito sobre isto,
03:06
and they talk about things like flextime and mentoring
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e fálase de cousas coma o horario flexible e de asesoramento,
03:08
and programs companies should have to train women.
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e programas que as empresas deberían ter para formar as mulleres.
03:11
I want to talk about none of that today,
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Non quero falar de nada diso hoxe,
03:13
even though that's all really important.
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aínda que é realmente importante.
03:15
Today I want to focus on what we can do as individuals.
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Hoxe quero centrar a atención no que podemos facer como individuos.
03:18
What are the messages we need to tell ourselves?
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Cal é a mensaxes que precisamos transmitirnos?
03:21
What are the messages we tell the women who work with and for us?
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Que mensaxe temos que dar ás mulleres que traballan con e para nós?
03:24
What are the messages we tell our daughters?
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Que mensaxe lle damos ás nosas fillas?
03:26
Now, at the outset, I want to be very clear
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Quero ser certa dende o principio
03:28
that this speech comes with no judgments.
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eu non vou facer xuízos de valor nesta conferencia.
03:31
I don't have the right answer.
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Eu non teño a resposta correcta,
03:33
I don't even have it for myself.
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nin sequera para mi mesma.
03:35
I left San Francisco, where I live, on Monday,
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Saín de San Francisco, onde eu vivo, o luns
03:38
and I was getting on the plane for this conference.
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para coller o avión para vir a esta conferencia
03:40
And my daughter, who's three, when I dropped her off at preschool,
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e a miña filla de 3 anos de idade, cando a deixei na escola
03:43
did that whole hugging-the-leg,
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cinxiuse á miña perna,
03:45
crying, "Mommy, don't get on the plane" thing.
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chorado: "Mamá, non collas o avión."
03:47
This is hard. I feel guilty sometimes.
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É difícil. Ás veces síntome culpable.
03:50
I know no women,
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Non coñezo ningunha muller
03:52
whether they're at home or whether they're in the workforce,
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amas de casa, ou que traballen fóra,
03:54
who don't feel that sometimes.
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que non sintan iso ás veces.
03:56
So I'm not saying that staying in the workforce
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Entón non estou dicindo que traballar fóra
03:59
is the right thing for everyone.
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sexa adecuado para todos.
04:01
My talk today is about what the messages are
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A miña conferencia hoxe é sobre as mensaxes clave
04:04
if you do want to stay in the workforce,
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se se quere permanecer no mercado de traballo
04:06
and I think there are three.
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e penso que hai tres.
04:08
One, sit at the table.
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Primeiro, toma asento na mesa.
04:11
Two, make your partner a real partner.
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Segundo, fai do teu compañeiro un verdadeiro compañeiro.
04:14
And three, don't leave before you leave.
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E terceiro, non abandones antes de tempo.
04:18
Number one: sit at the table.
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Número un: toma asento na mesa.
04:20
Just a couple weeks ago at Facebook,
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Hai un par de semanas en Facebook,
04:22
we hosted a very senior government official,
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recibimos un alto representante do goberno,
04:25
and he came in to meet with senior execs
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que viña a encontrarse con altos executivos
04:27
from around Silicon Valley.
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de Silicon Valley.
04:30
And everyone kind of sat at the table.
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E todos sentaron á mesa.
04:32
And then he had these two women who were traveling with him
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E había dúas mulleres que viaxaban con eles
04:35
who were pretty senior in his department,
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que tiñan posicións importantes nos seus departamentos.
04:37
and I kind of said to them, "Sit at the table. Come on, sit at the table,"
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E díxenlles: "Senten á mesa. Veña, senten á mesa."
04:40
and they sat on the side of the room.
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E sentaron nun lado da sala.
04:43
When I was in college my senior year,
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Cando estaba no último ano da universidade
04:45
I took a course called European Intellectual History.
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fixen un curso chamado Historia Intelectual Europea.
04:48
Don't you love that kind of thing from college?
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Non vos encantan estas cousas da universidade?
04:50
I wish I could do that now.
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Querería poder facelo agora.
04:52
And I took it with my roommate, Carrie,
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E fíxeno coa miña compañeira de cuarto, Carrie,
04:54
who was then a brilliant literary student --
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que era unha alumna brillante de literatura
04:56
and went on to be a brilliant literary scholar --
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e máis tarde converteuse nunha excelente académica en literatura
04:58
and my brother --
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e co meu irmán,
05:00
smart guy, but a water-polo-playing pre-med,
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un rapaz astuto, pero xogador de waterpolo,
05:02
who was a sophomore.
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que era estudante de medicina de segundo ano.
05:04
The three of us take this class together.
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Os tres fixemos este curso xuntos.
05:06
And then Carrie reads all the books
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Carrie leu todos os libros,
05:08
in the original Greek and Latin,
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nas versións orixinais en grego e latín,
05:10
goes to all the lectures.
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foi a todas as clases.
05:12
I read all the books in English
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Eu lin todos os libros en inglés
05:14
and go to most of the lectures.
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e fun á maioría das clases.
05:16
My brother is kind of busy.
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O meu irmán estaba medio ocupado,
05:18
He reads one book of 12
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leu un dos doce libros
05:20
and goes to a couple of lectures,
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e foi a un par de clases,
05:22
marches himself up to our room
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veu ao noso cuarto
05:24
a couple days before the exam to get himself tutored.
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un par de días antes da proba para que o axudásemos.
05:27
The three of us go to the exam together, and we sit down.
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Os tres fomos ó exame xuntos.
05:30
And we sit there for three hours --
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E estivemos alí durante 3 horas...
05:32
and our little blue notebooks -- yes, I'm that old.
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coas nosas libretas azuis ... si, así de vella son.
05:35
And we walk out, and we look at each other, and we say, "How did you do?"
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E saímos da aula, ollámonos e preguntámonos: "Como foi?"
05:38
And Carrie says, "Boy, I feel like I didn't really draw out the main point
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E Carrie dixo: "Bon, penso que non tratei a fondo o punto fundamental
05:41
on the Hegelian dialectic."
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da dialéctica hegeliana".
05:43
And I say, "God, I really wish I had really connected
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E eu dixen: "Deus, querería ter conectado
05:46
John Locke's theory of property with the philosophers who follow."
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a teoría da propiedade de John Locke con filósofos sucesivos."
05:49
And my brother says,
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E meu irmán dixo:
05:51
"I got the top grade in the class."
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"Teño a mellor nota da clase."
05:55
"You got the top grade in the class?
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"Tes a mellor nota da clase?
05:57
You don't know anything."
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Pero se non sabes nada!"
06:00
The problem with these stories
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O problema con estas historias
06:02
is that they show what the data shows:
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é que coinciden co que os datos amosan:
06:05
women systematically underestimate their own abilities.
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as mulleres regularmente subestiman as súas habilidades.
06:08
If you test men and women,
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Se fas un test a homes e mulleres
06:10
and you ask them questions on totally objective criteria like GPAs,
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e lles preguntas sobre algo totalmente obxectivo coma as notas medias,
06:13
men get it wrong slightly high,
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os homes erran ó valorarse de máis
06:15
and women get it wrong slightly low.
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as mulleres erran ó valorarse de menos.
06:18
Women do not negotiate for themselves in the workforce.
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As mulleres non negocian por si mesmas no mundo do traballo.
06:21
A study in the last two years
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Un estudo nos últimos dous anos
06:23
of people entering the workforce out of college
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sobre as persoas que entran no mercado de traballo dende a universidade
06:25
showed that 57 percent of boys entering,
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amosa que o 57% dos nenos ó comezar,
06:28
or men, I guess,
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ou homes, direi..
06:30
are negotiating their first salary,
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negocian o seu primer salario,
06:32
and only seven percent of women.
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e só 7% das mulleres.
06:35
And most importantly,
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E aínda máis importante,
06:37
men attribute their success to themselves,
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os homes auto-atribúense o éxito
06:40
and women attribute it to other external factors.
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e as mulleres a factores externos.
06:43
If you ask men why they did a good job,
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Se lle preguntas a un home por qué fixo un bo traballo,
06:45
they'll say, "I'm awesome.
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dirá, "Por qué son incrible.
06:48
Obviously. Why are you even asking?"
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Obviamente. Dubidábalo?
06:51
If you ask women why they did a good job,
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Se lle preguntas o mesmo a unha muller
06:53
what they'll say is someone helped them,
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dirá que alguén a axudou,
06:55
they got lucky, they worked really hard.
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tiveron sorte, traballaron moito.
06:57
Why does this matter?
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Por que é isto importante?
06:59
Boy, it matters a lot
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Pois importa moito,
07:01
because no one gets to the corner office
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porque ninguén chega ós postos importantes
07:04
by sitting on the side, not at the table,
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sentando a un lado e non na mesa de negociación.
07:06
and no one gets the promotion
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E ninguén recibe un ascenso,
07:08
if they don't think they deserve their success,
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se non pensa que merece o éxito,
07:11
or they don't even understand their own success.
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ou non entenden o porqué do seu propio éxito.
07:14
I wish the answer were easy.
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Querería que a resposta fose doada.
07:16
I wish I could just go tell all the young women I work for,
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Se puidera dicirlle a todas esas mulleres novas coas que traballo,
07:18
all these fabulous women,
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todas esas mulleres incribeis,
07:20
"Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself.
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"Crede e negociade por vós mesmas.
07:22
Own your own success."
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sede donas do voso propio éxito"
07:24
I wish I could tell that to my daughter.
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Querería poder dicirllo á miña filla.
07:27
But it's not that simple.
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mais non é tan sinxelo.
07:29
Because what the data shows, above all else, is one thing,
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porque os datos amosan unha cousa, por riba de todo
07:32
which is that success and likeability
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que é que o éxito e a simpatía
07:34
are positively correlated for men
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teñen unha correlación positiva para os homes
07:37
and negatively correlated for women.
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e negativa para as mulleres.
07:39
And everyone's nodding,
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E todos vós asentides coa cabeza
07:41
because we all know this to be true.
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porque sabemos que é certo.
07:43
There's a really good study that shows this really well.
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Hai un estudo moi bo que o amosa moi ben.
07:46
There's a famous Harvard Business School study
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É un importante estudo da Harvard Business School,
07:48
on a woman named Heidi Roizen.
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sobre unha muller chamada Heidi Roizen.
07:50
And she's an operator in a company
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Ela traballa nunha empresa
07:52
in Silicon Valley,
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de Silicon Valley
07:54
and she uses her contacts
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e usou os seus contactos
07:56
to become a very successful venture capitalist.
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para converterse nunha inversora de éxito en capital risco.
07:59
In 2002 -- not so long ago --
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No 2002, non hai moito tempo,
08:01
a professor who was then at Columbia University
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un profesor que estaba entón na Universidade de Columbia
08:03
took that case and made it Howard Roizen.
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colleu o caso e cambiou o nome por Howard Roizen
08:06
And he gave the case out, both of them,
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e deu os dous casos
08:08
to two groups of students.
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a dous grupos de alumnos.
08:10
He changed exactly one word:
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Cambiou só unha palabra:
08:12
"Heidi" to "Howard."
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Heidi por Howard.
08:14
But that one word made a really big difference.
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Pero esa palabra supuxo unha gran diferenza.
08:17
He then surveyed the students,
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E logo fixo unha enquisa ós alumnos.
08:19
and the good news was the students, both men and women,
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As boas novas é que os estudantes tanto homes coma mulleres,
08:22
thought Heidi and Howard were equally competent,
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pensaron que ambos, Heidi e Howard, eran os dous competentes
08:24
and that's good.
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e iso é bo.
08:26
The bad news was that everyone liked Howard.
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As malas novas son que a todos lles gustou Howard.
08:28
He's a great guy. You want to work for him.
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É un tipo excelente, queren traballar con el,
08:30
You want to spend the day fishing with him.
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queren pasar o día pescando con el.
08:32
But Heidi? Not so sure.
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E Heidi? Non están seguros.
08:34
She's a little out for herself. She's a little political.
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É un pouco egocéntrica e ten un sesgo político.
08:37
You're not sure you'd want to work for her.
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Non estás seguro de se che gustaría traballar con ela.
08:40
This is the complication.
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Esta é a complicación.
08:42
We have to tell our daughters and our colleagues,
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Temos que lles dicir ás nosas fillas, ós nosos compañeiros de traballo,
08:44
we have to tell ourselves to believe we got the A,
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e a nós mesmas que temos que crer que somos os mellores,
08:46
to reach for the promotion,
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para conseguir o ascenso,
08:48
to sit at the table,
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para sentar á mesa.
08:50
and we have to do it in a world
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E témolo que facer nun mundo
08:52
where, for them, there are sacrifices they will make for that,
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no que para acadalo, terán que sacrificarse,
08:55
even though for their brothers, there are not.
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sacrificios que os seus irmáns homes non terán que facer.
08:59
The saddest thing about all of this is that it's really hard to remember this.
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A parte máis triste de todo isto é que é moi difícil de lembrar.
09:02
And I'm about to tell a story which is truly embarrassing for me,
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Vou contar unha historia, realmente embarazosa para min,
09:05
but I think important.
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pero eu creo que é importante.
09:07
I gave this talk at Facebook not so long ago
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Dei unha conferencia en Facebook non hai moito tempo
09:10
to about 100 employees,
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a uns 100 empregados.
09:12
and a couple hours later, there was a young woman who works there
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Un par de horas máis tarde, había unha rapaza que traballa alí
09:15
sitting outside my little desk,
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sentada fóra da miña oficina
09:17
and she wanted to talk to me.
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que quería falar comigo.
09:19
I said, okay, and she sat down, and we talked.
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Díxenlle que estaba ben, que sentara e falariamos.
09:21
And she said, "I learned something today.
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Díxome: "Hoxe aprendín algo.
09:23
I learned that I need to keep my hand up."
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Aprendín que teño que manter a man erguida"
09:25
I said, "What do you mean?"
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E díxenlle: "que queres dicir ?"
09:27
She said, "Well, you're giving this talk,
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e dixo: "Ben, estabas dando a conferencia
09:29
and you said you were going to take two more questions.
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e dixeches que ías atender dúas cuestións máis,
09:31
And I had my hand up with lots of other people, and you took two more questions.
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e eu, ao igual que moitos outros, tiña a miña man erguida, e contestaches dúas preguntas máis.
09:34
And I put my hand down, and I noticed all the women put their hand down,
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E entón baixei a man e vin que todas as mulleres fixeron o mesmo,
09:37
and then you took more questions,
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e entón respondiches a máis preguntas
09:39
only from the men."
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só dos homes."
09:41
And I thought to myself,
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E pensei,
09:43
wow, if it's me -- who cares about this, obviously --
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vaia, se isto me acontece a min, algo que me preocupa,
09:46
giving this talk --
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cando dou esta conferencia,
09:48
and during this talk, I can't even notice
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e mentres a daba nin sequera me dei conta
09:51
that the men's hands are still raised,
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de que as mans dos homes estaban aínda erguidas,
09:54
and the women's hands are still raised,
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e as mans das mulleres estaban aínda erguidas,
09:56
how good are we
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a que nivel somos bos
09:58
as managers of our companies and our organizations
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coma xestores das nosas empresas e organizacións
10:00
at seeing that the men are reaching for opportunities
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para ver que os homes buscan máis oportunidades
10:02
more than women?
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que as mulleres?
10:04
We've got to get women to sit at the table.
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Cómpre facer que as mulleres senten á mesa.
10:07
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
10:10
Message number two:
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Mensaxe número dous:
10:12
make your partner a real partner.
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fai do teu compañeiro un verdadeiro compañeiro.
10:14
I've become convinced that we've made more progress in the workforce
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Estou convencida de que fixemos máis progreso no traballo
10:17
than we have in the home.
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ca nas nosas casas.
10:19
The data shows this very clearly.
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Os datos amósano con claridade.
10:22
If a woman and a man work full-time
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Se unha muller e un home traballan a tempo completo
10:24
and have a child,
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e teñen un fillo
10:26
the woman does twice the amount of housework the man does,
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a muller fai o dobre do traballo na casa có home
10:29
and the woman does three times
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e as mulleres dedican tres veces máis tempo
10:31
the amount of childcare the man does.
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para coidar dos nenos cós homes.
10:34
So she's got three jobs or two jobs,
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Entón ela ten tres ou dous traballos,
10:36
and he's got one.
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e el ten un.
10:38
Who do you think drops out when someone needs to be home more?
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Quen pensades que deixará o traballo cando alguén teña que estar na casa?
10:41
The causes of this are really complicated,
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As razóns disto son moi complicadas,
10:43
and I don't have time to go into them.
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e non teño tempo de entrar en detalles.
10:45
And I don't think Sunday football-watching
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Mais non creo que o fútbol o domingo
10:47
and general laziness is the cause.
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ou a preguiza en xeral son a causa.
10:49
I think the cause is more complicated.
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Coido que a causa é máis complicada.
10:51
I think, as a society,
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Coido que, como sociedade,
10:53
we put more pressure on our boys to succeed
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poñemos máis presión sobre os nosos fillos para ter éxito
10:55
than we do on our girls.
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ca sobre as nosas fillas.
10:57
I know men that stay home
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Coñezo homes que quedan na casa
10:59
and work in the home to support wives with careers,
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e traballan na casa para apoiar a carreira das súas mulleres
11:01
and it's hard.
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e é difícil.
11:03
When I go to the Mommy-and-Me stuff
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Cando vou a reunións de nais
11:05
and I see the father there,
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e vexo alí ó pai,
11:07
I notice that the other mommies
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doume conta que as outras nais
11:09
don't play with him.
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non interactúan con el.
11:11
And that's a problem,
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E iso é un problema,
11:13
because we have to make it as important a job,
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porque temos que dignificar o traballo
11:16
because it's the hardest job in the world to work inside the home,
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porque é a cousa máis difícil do mundo, traballar na casa
11:19
for people of both genders,
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para persoas de ambos sexos
11:21
if we're going to even things out and let women stay in the workforce.
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se queremos igualar a cousa e que mulleres traballen fóra.
11:24
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
11:26
Studies show that households with equal earning
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Os estudos amosan que familias con salarios
11:28
and equal responsibility
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e responsabilidades similares
11:30
also have half the divorce rate.
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tamén padecen a metade de divorcios.
11:32
And if that wasn't good enough motivation for everyone out there,
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E se isto non é motivación suficiente para todo o mundo,
11:35
they also have more --
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eles tamén teñen...
11:37
how shall I say this on this stage? --
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...como dicilo neste escenario?
11:39
they know each other more in the biblical sense as well.
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Estas parellas coñecense mellor, no sentido bíblico tamén.
11:42
(Cheers)
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(Risos)
11:44
Message number three:
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Mensaxe número tres:
11:46
don't leave before you leave.
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non abandones antes de tempo.
11:48
I think there's a really deep irony
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Creo que é unha grande ironía
11:50
to the fact that actions women are taking --
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que as mulleres tomen medidas,
11:52
and I see this all the time --
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e véxoo todo o tempo,
11:54
with the objective of staying in the workforce
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co fin de seguir traballando,
11:57
actually lead to their eventually leaving.
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e que en realidade as leva a deixar o traballo.
11:59
Here's what happens:
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Isto é o que acontece:
12:01
We're all busy. Everyone's busy. A woman's busy.
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todos estamos moi ocupados, todo o mundo, as mulleres están ocupadas.
12:03
And she starts thinking about having a child,
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E a muller comeza a pensar en ter un fillo.
12:06
and from the moment she starts thinking about having a child,
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E dende o momento que empeza a pensar en ter un fillo
12:09
she starts thinking about making room for that child.
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comeza a pensar en encontrar o tempo para o seu fillo.
12:11
"How am I going to fit this into everything else I'm doing?"
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"Como podo combinar iso con todo o que fago?"
12:15
And literally from that moment,
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E, literalmente, a partir daquel momento,
12:17
she doesn't raise her hand anymore,
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deixa de erguer a man,
12:20
she doesn't look for a promotion, she doesn't take on the new project,
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xa non procura un ascenso, xa non inicia un novo proxecto,
12:23
she doesn't say, "Me. I want to do that."
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xa non di, "Eu quero facelo".
12:25
She starts leaning back.
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Comeza a botarse para atrás.
12:27
The problem is that --
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O problema é que ...
12:29
let's say she got pregnant that day, that day --
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digamos que fica en cinta, ese dia
12:32
nine months of pregnancy, three months of maternity leave,
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nove meses de xestación, tres meses de licencia de maternidade
12:35
six months to catch your breath --
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seis meses para recuperar o alento,
12:37
fast-forward two years,
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e pasan dous anos,
12:39
more often -- and as I've seen it --
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con moita frecuencia... coma teño visto,
12:41
women start thinking about this way earlier --
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as mulleres comezan a pensar sobre iso moito antes,
12:43
when they get engaged, when they get married,
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cando se comprometen, cando casan,
12:45
when they start thinking about trying to have a child, which can take a long time.
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cando comezan a pensar en tentar ter un fillo, algo que pode levar moito tempo.
12:48
One woman came to see me about this,
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Unha vez unha muller viu a verme para falar diso
12:50
and I kind of looked at her -- she looked a little young.
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e mirei para ela pareceume una rapaciña.
12:52
And I said, "So are you and your husband thinking about having a baby?"
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E díxenlle: "Entón ti e o teu marido estades a pensar en ter un fillo?"
12:55
And she said, "Oh no, I'm not married."
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E dixo: "Non, non estou casada."
12:58
She didn't even have a boyfriend.
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Nin sequera tiña un mozo.
13:00
I said, "You're thinking about this
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E dixen: "Estás a pensar sobre isto
13:02
just way too early."
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moi cedo".
13:04
But the point is that what happens
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Mais o argumento é, que ocorre
13:07
once you start kind of quietly leaning back?
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cando un comeza a retirarse lentamente?
13:10
Everyone who's been through this --
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Todos os que pasaron por isto...
13:12
and I'm here to tell you, once you have a child at home,
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e estou aquí para dicirvos, que cando hai un neno na casa
13:15
your job better be really good to go back,
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máis vale que o teu traballo sexa bo
13:17
because it's hard to leave that kid at home --
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porque é moi difícil deixar o neno na casa,
13:19
your job needs to be challenging.
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o teu traballo ten que ser un desafío.
13:21
It needs to be rewarding.
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Ten que darte satisfacción.
13:23
You need to feel like you're making a difference.
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Tes que sentir que estás marcando a diferenza.
13:26
And if two years ago you didn't take a promotion
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E se hai dous anos non acadaches o ascenso
13:29
and some guy next to you did,
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e algún home no traballo o conseguiu,
13:31
if three years ago
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se hai tres anos
13:33
you stopped looking for new opportunities,
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deixaches de procurar novas oportunidades
13:35
you're going to be bored
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vas estar aburrida
13:37
because you should have kept your foot on the gas pedal.
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porque deberías ter deixado o pé no acelerador.
13:40
Don't leave before you leave.
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Non abandones antes de tempo.
13:42
Stay in.
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Queda.
13:44
Keep your foot on the gas pedal,
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Mantén o pé no acelerador
13:46
until the very day you need to leave
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ata que de verdade teñas que marchar
13:48
to take a break for a child --
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para ocuparte do teu fillo
13:50
and then make your decisions.
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e só entón toma as túas decisións.
13:52
Don't make decisions too far in advance,
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Non tomes decisións demasiado cedo,
13:55
particularly ones you're not even conscious you're making.
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especialmente daquelas que nin sequera sabes que as estás tomando.
13:59
My generation really, sadly,
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A miña xeración realmente, e por desgracia,
14:01
is not going to change the numbers at the top.
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non vai cambiar os números que hai no cume.
14:03
They're just not moving.
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Non están a cambiar.
14:05
We are not going to get to where 50 percent of the population --
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Non imos chegar a ese 50% da poboación...
14:08
in my generation, there will not be 50 percent of [women]
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...na miña xeración, non haberá un 50% de mulleres
14:11
at the top of any industry.
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en postos superiores de calquera sector.
14:13
But I'm hopeful that future generations can.
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Pero agardo que sexa así en xeracións futuras.
14:17
I think a world that was run
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Coido que un mundo
14:19
where half of our countries and half of our companies
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onde a metade dos países e metade das empresas
14:21
were run by women, would be a better world.
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fosen gobernados por mulleres, sería un mundo mellor.
14:24
And it's not just because people would know where the women's bathrooms are,
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E non só porque a xente sabería onde están os baños para as mulleres,
14:27
even though that would be very helpful.
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o que sería moi útil.
14:30
I think it would be a better world.
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Coido que sería un mundo mellor.
14:32
I have two children.
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Teño dous fillos.
14:34
I have a five-year-old son and a two-year-old daughter.
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Teño un fillo de cinco anos e unha filla de dous anos.
14:37
I want my son to have a choice
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Quero que o meu fillo teña a oportunidade
14:39
to contribute fully in the workforce or at home,
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de contribuír plenamente no lugar de traballo ou na casa
14:42
and I want my daughter to have the choice
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e quero que miña filla teña a oportunidade de escoller
14:44
to not just succeed,
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non só para ter exito,
14:46
but to be liked for her accomplishments.
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mais para ser amada polos seus logros.
14:48
Thank you.
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Grazas.
14:50
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl Sandberg - COO, FacebookAs the COO at the helm of Facebook, Sheryl Sandberg juggles the tasks of monetizing the world’s largest social networking site while keeping its users happy and engaged.
Why you should listen
Long before Sheryl Sandberg left Google to join Facebook as its Chief Operating Officer in 2008, she was a fan. Today she manages Facebook’s sales, marketing, business development, human resources, public policy and communications. It’s a massive job, but one well suited to Sandberg, who not only built and managed Google’s successful online sales and operations program but also served as an economist for the World Bank and Chief of Staff at the US Treasury Department. Sandberg’s experience navigating the complex and socially sensitive world of international economics has proven useful as she and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg work to strike a balance between helping Facebook users control privacy while finding ways to monetize its most valuable asset: data.
At TEDWomen in 2010 Sandberg made the bold decision to talk about the experience of being one of very few women at the C-level of business. She noted that many women, in anticipating having a family, "lean back" from leading at work. After her TED Talk took off, Sandberg wrote the book Lean In, which has spent nearly a year on the New York Times Bestseller list. Sandberg plans to release a version of the book for graduates.
Sheryl Sandberg | Speaker | TED.com