Mission Blue II
Carl Safina: What are animals thinking and feeling?
Carl Safina: Que están a pensar e sentir os animais?
Filmed:
Readability: 3.2
2,341,963 views
Que pasa dentro dos cerebros dos animais? Podemos saber o que, ou se pensan e senten? Carl Safina cre que si. Empregando descubrimentos e anécdotas que abarcan ecoloxía, bioloxía e ciencias do comportamento, entrelaza historias de baleas, lobos, elefantes e albatros para argumentar que igual ca nós pensamos, sentimos, usamos ferramentas e expresamos emocións, tamén o poden facer outras criaturas (e mentes) que comparten a Terra con nós.
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writer
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature. Full bio
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Have you ever wondered
what animals think and feel?
what animals think and feel?
0
999
3516
Algunha vez vos preguntastes
que pensan e senten os animais?
que pensan e senten os animais?
Comecemos cunha pregunta:
00:17
Let's start with a question:
1
5020
1884
A miña cadela quéreme
ou só quere unha caricia?
ou só quere unha caricia?
00:19
Does my dog really love me,
or does she just want a treat?
or does she just want a treat?
2
7654
4119
00:24
Well, it's easy to see
that our dog really loves us,
that our dog really loves us,
3
12991
4967
É doado ver que a nosa cadela
realmente nos quere.
realmente nos quere.
00:29
easy to see, right,
4
17982
2081
É doado velo, non?
Que está a pasar...
00:32
what's going on in that fuzzy little head.
5
20087
3650
...nesa cabeciña peluda?
00:36
What is going on?
6
24593
1375
Que está a pasar?
00:39
Something's going on.
7
27155
1726
Algo está a pasar.
Por que sempre preguntamos se nos queren?
00:41
But why is the question always
do they love us?
do they love us?
8
29864
4399
Por que sempre é sobre nós?
00:46
Why is it always about us?
9
34287
2111
Por que somos tan narcisistas?
00:48
Why are we such narcissists?
10
36422
2643
00:52
I found a different question
to ask animals.
to ask animals.
11
40674
3039
Atopei outra pregunta para os animais.
Quen sodes?
00:57
Who are you?
12
45911
1417
01:01
There are capacities of the human mind
13
49910
2895
Hai aptitudes da mente humana
que tendemos a crer
que só son da mente humana
que só son da mente humana
01:04
that we tend to think are capacities
only of the human mind.
only of the human mind.
14
52829
4862
Pero é certo?
01:10
But is that true?
15
58176
1358
Que fan outros seres con eses cerebros?
01:12
What are other beings
doing with those brains?
doing with those brains?
16
60047
3975
Que pensan e senten?
01:16
What are they thinking and feeling?
17
64554
2353
Hai modo de sabelo?
01:19
Is there a way to know?
18
67570
1633
Creo que o hai.
01:21
I think there is a way in.
19
69227
1674
Creo que hai moitas maneiras.
01:22
I think there are several ways in.
20
70925
1690
Podemos fixarnos na evolución,
01:24
We can look at evolution,
we can look at their brains
we can look at their brains
21
72950
4122
mirar os seus cerebros
e ver que fan.
e ver que fan.
01:29
and we can watch what they do.
22
77096
2480
O primeiro que hai que lembrar:
o noso cerebro é herdado.
o noso cerebro é herdado.
01:33
The first thing to remember is:
our brain is inherited.
our brain is inherited.
23
81316
3939
As primeiras neuronas
viñeron das medusas.
viñeron das medusas.
01:38
The first neurons came from jellyfish.
24
86253
3707
As medusas orixinaron ós cordados.
01:42
Jellyfish gave rise
to the first chordates.
to the first chordates.
25
90435
2840
Os cordados orixinaron ós vertebrados.
01:45
The first chordates gave rise
to the first vertebrates.
to the first vertebrates.
26
93299
3668
Os vertebrados saíron do mar
e aquí estamos.
e aquí estamos.
01:49
The vertebrates came out of the sea,
27
97277
2418
01:51
and here we are.
28
99719
1336
O que é certo é que unha neurona,
unha célula nerviosa, parece a mesma
unha célula nerviosa, parece a mesma
01:54
But it's still true that a neuron,
a nerve cell, looks the same
a nerve cell, looks the same
29
102737
5590
nun cangrexo, nun paxaro ou en vós.
02:00
in a crayfish, a bird or you.
30
108351
3417
Que nos di iso...
02:04
What does that say
about the minds of crayfish?
about the minds of crayfish?
31
112427
3541
...sobre a mente dos cangrexos?
Podemos dicir algo?
02:08
Can we tell anything about that?
32
116880
1557
Resulta que...
02:10
Well, it turns out that
if you give a crayfish
if you give a crayfish
33
118461
4029
...se se lle dá a un cangrexo
pequenas descargas eléctricas
pequenas descargas eléctricas
02:14
a lot of little tiny electric shocks
34
122514
2657
cada vez que tenta saír da súa toba,
xerará ansiedade.
xerará ansiedade.
02:17
every time it tries
to come out of its burrow,
to come out of its burrow,
35
125195
2296
02:19
it will develop anxiety.
36
127515
2185
Se se lle dá ó cangrexo
o mesmo medicamento
o mesmo medicamento
02:23
If you give the crayfish the same drug
37
131133
3418
usado para tratar a ansiedade
nos humanos,
nos humanos,
02:26
used to treat anxiety disorder in humans,
38
134575
2923
reláxase, sae e explora.
02:29
it relaxes and comes out and explores.
39
137522
3081
Como amosamos o que nos importa
a ansiedade dos cangrexos?
a ansiedade dos cangrexos?
02:34
How do we show how much
we care about crayfish anxiety?
we care about crayfish anxiety?
40
142308
3087
Fervéndoos.
02:37
Mostly, we boil them.
41
145905
1354
02:39
(Laughter)
42
147283
1316
Os polbos usan ferramentas,
02:42
Octopuses use tools,
as well as do most apes
as well as do most apes
43
150490
5358
como os simios,
e recoñecen rostros humanos.
e recoñecen rostros humanos.
02:47
and they recognize human faces.
44
155872
2343
Como celebramos a intelixencia simiesca
destes invertebrados?
destes invertebrados?
02:50
How do we celebrate the ape-like
intelligence of this invertebrate?
intelligence of this invertebrate?
45
158808
4784
Fervéndoos.
02:55
Mostly boiled.
46
163999
1447
Se un mero persegue un peixe
ata unha greta no coral,
ata unha greta no coral,
02:58
If a grouper chases a fish
into a crevice in the coral,
into a crevice in the coral,
47
166669
4306
irá onde sabe que hai
unha morea durmindo
unha morea durmindo
03:02
it will sometimes go to where it knows
a moray eel is sleeping
a moray eel is sleeping
48
170999
4976
e diralle á morea "sígueme",
03:07
and it will signal
to the moray, "Follow me,"
to the moray, "Follow me,"
49
175999
3573
e a morea entenderá ese sinal.
03:11
and the moray will understand that signal.
50
179596
2541
A morea pode entrar na greta
e coller o peixe,
e coller o peixe,
03:14
The moray may go into the crevice
and get the fish,
and get the fish,
51
182816
2977
pero o peixe pode fuxir
e o mero atrapalo.
e o mero atrapalo.
03:17
but the fish may bolt
and the grouper may get it.
and the grouper may get it.
52
185817
2658
Esta é unha antiga colaboración
que acabamos de descubrir.
que acabamos de descubrir.
03:20
This is an ancient partnership that we
have just recently found out about.
have just recently found out about.
53
188880
6031
03:26
How do we celebrate
that ancient partnership?
that ancient partnership?
54
194935
3085
Como celebramos esa antiga colaboración?
03:30
Mostly fried.
55
198044
1578
Fritíndoos.
Está xurdindo un patrón
que di máis sobre nós
que di máis sobre nós
03:32
A pattern is emerging and it says
a lot more about us
a lot more about us
56
200918
3600
03:36
than it does about them.
57
204542
2160
ca sobre eles.
As londras mariñas usan ferramentas
03:39
Sea otters use tools
58
207610
2405
e sacan tempo do que están a facer
03:42
and they take time away
from what they're doing
from what they're doing
59
210039
2977
para amosarlles ás crías que facer,
ó que se chama ensinanza.
ó que se chama ensinanza.
03:45
to show their babies what to do,
which is called teaching.
which is called teaching.
60
213040
4141
Os chimpancés non ensinan.
03:49
Chimpanzees don't teach.
61
217205
2678
As candorcas ensinan e comparten comida.
03:52
Killer whales teach
and killer whales share food.
and killer whales share food.
62
220999
3810
Cando a evolución fai algo novo,
usa as pezas que ten,
usa as pezas que ten,
03:58
When evolution makes something new,
63
226879
2034
04:00
it uses the parts it has
in stock, off the shelf,
in stock, off the shelf,
64
228937
4353
sácaas do caixón,
antes de dar un novo xiro.
antes de dar un novo xiro.
04:05
before it fabricates a new twist.
65
233314
2462
O noso cerebro chegounos
04:07
And our brain has come to us
66
235800
2176
a través dun longo período de tempo.
04:10
through the enormity
of the deep sweep of time.
of the deep sweep of time.
67
238000
4401
Se comparamos o cerebro humano
co do chimpancé,
co do chimpancé,
04:14
If you look at the human brain
compared to a chimpanzee brain,
compared to a chimpanzee brain,
68
242425
3589
vemos que temos
un gran cerebro de chimpancé.
un gran cerebro de chimpancé.
04:18
what you see is we have basically
a very big chimpanzee brain.
a very big chimpanzee brain.
69
246038
3664
04:21
It's a good thing ours is bigger,
because we're also really insecure.
because we're also really insecure.
70
249726
3941
Isto é algo bo para nós,
porque somos inseguros.
porque somos inseguros.
04:25
(Laughter)
71
253691
2062
04:27
But, uh oh, there's a dolphin,
72
255777
3116
Pero están os golfiños
cun cerebro meirande
e máis circunvolucións.
e máis circunvolucións.
04:30
a bigger brain with more convolutions.
73
258917
2976
04:34
OK, maybe you're saying,
all right, well, we see brains,
all right, well, we see brains,
74
262777
2707
Quizais estades dicindo
"vemos cerebros,
"vemos cerebros,
pero que teñen que ver
04:37
but what does that
have to say about minds?
have to say about minds?
75
265508
2427
coa mente?"
Podemos ver o funcionamento da mente
04:40
Well, we can see the working of the mind
76
268347
3871
na lóxica do comportamento.
04:44
in the logic of behaviors.
77
272242
1709
04:46
So these elephants, you can see,
78
274530
3631
Estes elefantes, como podedes ver,
están a descansar.
están a descansar.
04:50
obviously, they are resting.
79
278185
2600
Atoparon sombra
04:53
They have found a patch of shade
under the palm trees
under the palm trees
80
281118
4364
so unha palmeira
baixo a cal dormen as súas crías
baixo a cal dormen as súas crías
04:57
under which to let their babies sleep,
81
285506
2800
mentres eles sonean, mais vixiantes.
05:00
while they doze but remain vigilant.
82
288330
2619
Entendemos esa imaxe
05:03
We make perfect sense of that image
83
291491
2852
así como eles saben o que fan
05:06
just as they make perfect sense
of what they're doing
of what they're doing
84
294367
3631
porque baixo o mesmo sol
nas mesmas chairas
nas mesmas chairas
05:10
because under the arc of the same sun
on the same plains,
on the same plains,
85
298022
3802
escoitando os ouveos
dos mesmos perigos,
dos mesmos perigos,
05:13
listening to the howls
of the same dangers,
of the same dangers,
86
301848
3426
convertéronse no que son
e nós no que somos.
e nós no que somos.
05:17
they became who they are
and we became who we are.
and we became who we are.
87
305298
4411
Fomos veciños por moito tempo.
05:22
We've been neighbors for a very long time.
88
310536
2176
Ninguén diría que estes elefantes
están relaxados.
están relaxados.
05:24
No one would mistake
these elephants as being relaxed.
these elephants as being relaxed.
89
312736
3444
Están moi preocupados por algo.
05:28
They're obviously very
concerned about something.
concerned about something.
90
316204
2912
Que lles preocupa?
05:31
What are they concerned about?
91
319140
1976
Se gravades as voces dos turistas
05:33
It turns out that if you record
the voices of tourists
the voices of tourists
92
321680
3640
e as reproducides cun altofalante
escondido nuns arbustos,
escondido nuns arbustos,
05:37
and you play that recording
from a speaker hidden in bushes,
from a speaker hidden in bushes,
93
325344
4694
os elefantes ignorarano
porque non os molestan.
porque non os molestan.
05:42
elephants will ignore it,
because tourists never bother elephants.
because tourists never bother elephants.
94
330062
3635
Pero se gravades as voces dos pastores
05:46
But if you record the voices of herders
95
334102
4742
que levan lanzas e os feren
en enfrontamentos nas áreas de auga,
en enfrontamentos nas áreas de auga,
05:50
who carry spears and often hurt elephants
in confrontations at water holes,
in confrontations at water holes,
96
338868
5089
os elefantes agruparanse
e fuxirán do altofalante oculto.
e fuxirán do altofalante oculto.
05:55
the elephants will bunch up
and run away from the hidden speaker.
and run away from the hidden speaker.
97
343981
4694
Non só saben que hai humanos,
06:00
Not only do elephants know
that there are humans,
that there are humans,
98
348699
3359
saben que hai distintos tipos
06:04
they know that there are
different kinds of humans,
different kinds of humans,
99
352082
2536
e que algúns son bos
e outros perigosos.
e outros perigosos.
06:06
and that some are OK
and some are dangerous.
and some are dangerous.
100
354642
3582
Estiveron observándonos máis tempo
que nós a eles.
que nós a eles.
06:10
They have been watching us for much longer
than we have been watching them.
than we have been watching them.
101
358248
5067
Coñécennos mellor do que nós a eles.
06:15
They know us better than we know them.
102
363339
2290
Temos os mesmos imperativos:
06:18
We have the same imperatives:
103
366272
2848
coidar dos nosos bebés, atopar comida,
manternos vivos.
manternos vivos.
06:21
take care of our babies,
find food, try to stay alive.
find food, try to stay alive.
104
369144
4495
Tanto se nos equipamos
para facer sendeirismo
para facer sendeirismo
06:26
Whether we're outfitted for hiking
in the hills of Africa
in the hills of Africa
105
374478
3829
nas montañas de África
ou para somerxernos no mar,
ou para somerxernos no mar,
06:30
or outfitted for diving under the sea,
we are basically the same.
we are basically the same.
106
378331
4183
somos os mesmos.
Somos parentes baixo a pel.
Somos parentes baixo a pel.
06:34
We are kin under the skin.
107
382538
1978
O elefante ten o mesmo esqueleto,
06:36
The elephant has the same skeleton,
108
384999
2403
a candorca ten o mesmo esqueleto ca nós.
06:39
the killer whale has the same skeleton,
109
387426
2342
06:41
as do we.
110
389792
1236
Vémolos axudar onde se necesita.
06:45
We see helping where help is needed.
111
393674
2262
Vemos curiosidade no novo.
06:48
We see curiosity in the young.
112
396560
2628
Vemos os lazos
de conexións familiares.
de conexións familiares.
06:52
We see the bonds of family connections.
113
400467
3603
Recoñecemos o afecto.
06:57
We recognize affection.
114
405776
2047
O cortexo é o cortexo.
07:00
Courtship is courtship.
115
408522
2161
E preguntámonos:
07:03
And then we ask, "Are they conscious?"
116
411999
2683
son conscientes?
Cando vos poñen anestesia xeral,
quedades inconscientes,
quedades inconscientes,
07:07
When you get general anesthesia,
it makes you unconscious,
it makes you unconscious,
117
415300
2900
07:10
which means you have
no sensation of anything.
no sensation of anything.
118
418224
2835
polo que non sentides nada.
A consciencia séntese coma algo.
07:13
Consciousness is simply
the thing that feels like something.
the thing that feels like something.
119
421083
3571
07:17
If you see, if you hear, if you feel,
if you're aware of anything,
if you're aware of anything,
120
425292
4149
Se vedes, oídes, sentides,
dádesvos conta de algo,
dádesvos conta de algo,
sodes conscientes
e eles son conscientes.
e eles son conscientes.
07:21
you are conscious, and they are conscious.
121
429465
3052
Algúns din que hai cousas
que fan humanos ós humanos
que fan humanos ós humanos
07:27
Some people say
122
435165
1166
07:28
well, there are certain things
that make humans humans,
that make humans humans,
123
436355
2605
e unha delas é a empatía.
07:30
and one of those things is empathy.
124
438984
1922
A empatía é a facultade de comprender
o estado anímico dos compañeiros.
o estado anímico dos compañeiros.
07:32
Empathy is the mind's ability
to match moods with your companions.
to match moods with your companions.
125
440930
5687
É algo moi útil.
07:39
It's a very useful thing.
126
447442
1583
Se os vosos compañeiros
se moven rápido,
se moven rápido,
07:41
If your companions start to move quickly,
127
449049
2160
sentides que necesitades apurarvos.
Todos temos présa agora.
Todos temos présa agora.
07:43
you have to feel like
you need to hurry up.
you need to hurry up.
128
451233
2235
07:45
We're all in a hurry now.
129
453492
1730
A forma máis antiga de empatía
é contaxiar o medo.
é contaxiar o medo.
07:47
The oldest form of empathy
is contagious fear.
is contagious fear.
130
455246
3487
Se os vosos compañeiros
se asustan e foxen,
se asustan e foxen,
07:50
If your companions suddenly
startle and fly away,
startle and fly away,
131
458757
2846
non sería útil pensar
07:53
it does not work very well for you to say,
132
461627
2164
"pregúntome por que todos marcharon".
07:55
"Jeez, I wonder why everybody just left."
133
463815
2903
07:58
(Laughter)
134
466742
1532
A empatía é vella, pero a empatía,
como todo na vida,
como todo na vida,
08:03
Empathy is old, but empathy,
like everything else in life,
like everything else in life,
135
471136
3839
ten distintos graos
e a súa elaboración.
e a súa elaboración.
08:06
comes on a sliding scale
and has its elaboration.
and has its elaboration.
136
474999
3911
Está a empatía básica:
08:10
So there's basic empathy:
you feel sad, it makes me sad.
you feel sad, it makes me sad.
137
478934
3721
se estades tristes, síntome triste.
Véxovos felices, síntome feliz.
Véxovos felices, síntome feliz.
08:14
I see you happy, it makes me happy.
138
482679
1937
Logo está o que chamo simpatía,
un pouco máis distante:
un pouco máis distante:
08:17
Then there's something
that I call sympathy,
that I call sympathy,
139
485192
2783
08:19
a little more removed:
140
487999
1860
sinto que a túa avoa finara.
08:22
"I'm sorry to hear that your grandmother
has just passed away.
has just passed away.
141
490365
3467
Non sinto a mesma dor, pero enténdoa,
sei o que sentes e preocúpome.
sei o que sentes e preocúpome.
08:25
I don't feel that same grief,
but I get it; I know what you feel
but I get it; I know what you feel
142
493856
3627
08:29
and it concerns me."
143
497507
1413
E se estamos motivados
para reaccionar á simpatía,
para reaccionar á simpatía,
08:30
And then if we're motivated
to act on sympathy,
to act on sympathy,
144
498944
2617
chámoo compaixón.
08:33
I call that compassion.
145
501585
1806
Lonxe de ser o que nos fai humanos,
08:36
Far from being the thing
that makes us human,
that makes us human,
146
504061
3550
a empatía humana
está lonxe da perfección.
está lonxe da perfección.
08:39
human empathy is far from perfect.
147
507635
3340
Reunimos criaturas empáticas,
matámolas e comémolas.
matámolas e comémolas.
08:42
We round up empathic creatures,
we kill them and we eat them.
we kill them and we eat them.
148
510999
5011
Quizais pensedes
"son especies diferentes.
"son especies diferentes.
08:48
Now, maybe you say OK,
well, those are different species.
well, those are different species.
149
516034
2867
Só é depredación
e o humano é depredador".
e o humano é depredador".
08:50
That's just predation,
and humans are predators.
and humans are predators.
150
518925
3718
Pero tampouco tratamos ben
á nosa propia especie.
á nosa propia especie.
08:54
But we don't treat our own kind
too well either.
too well either.
151
522667
5336
Quen parece que só coñece algo
sobre o comportamento animal,
sobre o comportamento animal,
09:01
People who seem to know
only one thing about animal behavior
only one thing about animal behavior
152
529212
3154
sabe que non se deben atribuír
pensamentos e emocións humanos
pensamentos e emocións humanos
09:04
know that you must never attribute
human thoughts and emotions
human thoughts and emotions
153
532390
3973
a outras especies.
09:08
to other species.
154
536387
1801
Creo que é unha parvada,
09:10
Well, I think that's silly,
155
538723
1821
porque atribuír pensamentos
e emocións humanos a outras especies
e emocións humanos a outras especies
09:12
because attributing human thoughts
and emotions to other species
and emotions to other species
156
540568
4122
é a mellor e primeira idea
sobre o que fan e senten,
sobre o que fan e senten,
09:16
is the best first guess about what
they're doing and how they're feeling,
they're doing and how they're feeling,
157
544714
4251
porque os seus cerebros
son os mesmos cós nosos.
son os mesmos cós nosos.
09:20
because their brains
are basically the same as ours.
are basically the same as ours.
158
548989
3313
Teñen as mesmas estruturas.
09:24
They have the same structures.
159
552326
1731
As mesmas hormonas que crean
o estado de ánimo e nos motivan,
o estado de ánimo e nos motivan,
09:26
The same hormones that create
mood and motivation in us
mood and motivation in us
160
554081
5050
tamén están neses cerebros.
09:31
are in those brains as well.
161
559155
2258
Non é científico dicir
que cando teñen fame, cazan
que cando teñen fame, cazan
09:35
It is not scientific to say that they
are hungry when they're hunting
are hungry when they're hunting
162
563050
5070
ou que están cansos
cando as súas linguas colgan
cando as súas linguas colgan
09:40
and they're tired when
their tongues are hanging out,
their tongues are hanging out,
163
568144
2947
e que cando xogan coas súas crías
e están ledos e felices
e están ledos e felices
09:43
and then say when they're playing
with their children
with their children
164
571115
2690
09:45
and acting joyful and happy,
165
573829
1911
non temos nin idea
de se están a experimentar algo.
de se están a experimentar algo.
09:47
we have no idea if they can possibly
be experiencing anything.
be experiencing anything.
166
575764
4789
Iso non é científico.
09:52
That is not scientific.
167
580577
1994
Un xornalista díxome:
09:55
So OK, so a reporter said to me,
168
583619
2685
como sabes que os animais
poden pensar e sentir?
poden pensar e sentir?
09:58
"Maybe, but how do you really know
that other animals can think and feel?"
that other animals can think and feel?"
169
586328
4308
Comecei a buscar nos centos
de referencias científicas
de referencias científicas
10:02
And I started to rifle
through all the hundreds
through all the hundreds
170
590660
3055
10:05
of scientific references
that I put in my book
that I put in my book
171
593739
2499
que puxen no meu libro
e comprendín que a resposta
estaba no cuarto comigo.
estaba no cuarto comigo.
10:08
and I realized that the answer
was right in the room with me.
was right in the room with me.
172
596262
3240
Cando a miña cadela deixa a alfombra
e vén onda min, non ó sofá, a min
e vén onda min, non ó sofá, a min
10:11
When my dog gets off the rug
and comes over to me --
and comes over to me --
173
599526
3753
10:15
not to the couch, to me --
174
603303
1762
e dá a volta sobre o lombo
e expón o seu ventre,
e expón o seu ventre,
10:17
and she rolls over on her back
and exposes her belly,
and exposes her belly,
175
605089
4177
ela pensou "quero que me rasquen o ventre.
10:21
she has had the thought,
"I would like my belly rubbed.
"I would like my belly rubbed.
176
609290
2868
Sei que podo ir onda Carl.
El entenderá o que lle pido.
El entenderá o que lle pido.
10:26
I know that I can go over to Carl,
177
614565
2536
10:29
he will understand what I'm asking.
178
617125
2313
Sei que podo confiar nel
porque somos familia.
porque somos familia.
10:32
I know I can trust him
because we're family.
because we're family.
179
620084
2496
Fará o traballo e sentireime ben".
10:35
He'll get the job done,
and it will feel good."
and it will feel good."
180
623406
2715
10:38
(Laughter)
181
626145
1886
Ela pensou e sentiu,
10:40
She has thought and she has felt,
182
628055
3329
e non é máis complicado ca iso.
10:43
and it's really not
more complicated than that.
more complicated than that.
183
631408
2664
Pero vemos a outros animais e dicimos:
10:46
But we see other animals
and we say, "Oh look, killer whales,
and we say, "Oh look, killer whales,
184
634096
4613
"candorcas, lobos, elefantes.
10:50
wolves, elephants:
185
638733
2410
Non o ven así".
10:53
that's not how they see it."
186
641167
1611
Ese macho da aleta alta é L41.
10:55
That tall-finned male is L41.
187
643714
4294
Ten 38 anos.
11:00
He's 38 years old.
188
648032
2047
A femia á súa esquerda é L22.
11:02
The female right on his left side is L22.
189
650103
3472
Ten 44 anos.
11:05
She's 44.
190
653899
1552
Coñécense desde hai décadas.
11:07
They've known each other for decades.
191
655475
2635
Saben quen son eles.
11:10
They know exactly who they are.
192
658650
1972
Saben quen son os seus amigos.
Quen son os seus rivais.
Quen son os seus rivais.
11:12
They know who their friends are.
193
660646
1551
11:14
They know who their rivals are.
194
662221
1698
A súa vida segue unha traxectoria.
11:15
Their life follows the arc of a career.
195
663943
2113
Saben onde están todo o tempo.
11:18
They know where they are all the time.
196
666802
2234
Este elefante é Philo.
11:22
This is an elephant named Philo.
197
670863
2375
Era un macho novo.
11:25
He was a young male.
198
673667
1828
Este é el catro días despois.
11:27
This is him four days later.
199
675519
1818
Os humanos non só sentimos dor,
11:30
Humans not only can feel grief,
we create an awful lot of it.
we create an awful lot of it.
200
678999
5330
tamén causamos moita.
Queremos tallar os seus dentes.
11:38
We want to carve their teeth.
201
686648
2314
Por que non podemos esperar
a que morran?
a que morran?
11:42
Why can't we wait for them to die?
202
690153
3304
Os elefantes habitaban
desde a beira do Mar Mediterráneo
desde a beira do Mar Mediterráneo
11:47
Elephants once ranged from the shores
of the Mediterranean Sea
of the Mediterranean Sea
203
695998
3468
11:51
all the way down to the Cape of Good Hope.
204
699490
2075
ata o cabo de Boa Esperanza.
En 1980 había grandes redutos
de elefantes
de elefantes
11:53
In 1980, there were vast
strongholds of elephant range
strongholds of elephant range
205
701589
3386
en África central e oriental.
11:56
in Central and Eastern Africa.
206
704999
2188
E agora o seu hábitat está desfeito
en pequenos fragmentos.
en pequenos fragmentos.
11:59
And now their range is shattered
into little shards.
into little shards.
207
707211
4337
Esta é a xeografía dun animal
12:03
This is the geography of an animal
that we are driving to extinction,
that we are driving to extinction,
208
711572
4679
ó que estamos extinguindo,
Un compañeiro,
a criatura máis magnífica da terra.
a criatura máis magnífica da terra.
12:08
a fellow being, the most
magnificent creature on land.
magnificent creature on land.
209
716275
3849
Claro que coidamos máis a nosa fauna
nos Estados Unidos.
nos Estados Unidos.
12:13
Of course, we take much better care
of our wildlife in the United States.
of our wildlife in the United States.
210
721288
4028
No Parque Nacional de Yellowstone,
12:17
In Yellowstone National Park,
we killed every single wolf.
we killed every single wolf.
211
725681
4235
matamos todos os lobos.
Matamos todos os lobos
ó sur da fronteira con Canadá.
ó sur da fronteira con Canadá.
12:21
We killed every single wolf
south of the Canadian border, actually.
south of the Canadian border, actually.
212
729940
3449
Pero no parque,
os vixías fixérono nos anos 20
os vixías fixérono nos anos 20
12:25
But in the park, park rangers
did that in the 1920s,
did that in the 1920s,
213
733413
4393
e 60 anos despois tiveron que traelos,
12:29
and then 60 years later
they had to bring them back,
they had to bring them back,
214
737830
2591
porque a poboación de alces
estaba descontrolada.
estaba descontrolada.
12:32
because the elk numbers
had gotten out of control.
had gotten out of control.
215
740445
2907
Logo veu a xente.
12:36
And then people came.
216
744511
1274
Miles de persoas viñeron ver os lobos,
12:37
People came by the thousands
to see the wolves,
to see the wolves,
217
745809
3724
os máis visibles e accesibles do mundo.
12:41
the most accessibly
visible wolves in the world.
visible wolves in the world.
218
749557
3495
Eu fun alí e vin esta incrible familia.
Unha manda é unha familia.
Unha manda é unha familia.
12:45
And I went there and I watched
this incredible family of wolves.
this incredible family of wolves.
219
753512
3252
12:48
A pack is a family.
220
756788
1453
Ten adultos reprodutores
e novos de varias xeracións.
e novos de varias xeracións.
12:50
It has some breeding adults
and the young of several generations.
and the young of several generations.
221
758265
3575
Vin a manda máis estable e famosa
do Parque Nacional de Yellowstone.
do Parque Nacional de Yellowstone.
12:55
And I watched the most famous, most stable
pack in Yellowstone National Park.
pack in Yellowstone National Park.
222
763158
4616
Cando vagaban fóra da fronteira,
13:00
And then, when they wandered
just outside the border,
just outside the border,
223
768370
3130
dous dos seus adultos foron asasinados,
13:03
two of their adults were killed,
224
771524
2681
a nai incluída,
13:06
including the mother,
225
774229
2253
á que ás veces chamamos femia alfa.
13:08
which we sometimes call the alpha female.
226
776506
2178
O resto da familia sumiuse
nunha rivalidade entre irmáns.
nunha rivalidade entre irmáns.
13:11
The rest of the family immediately
descended into sibling rivalry.
descended into sibling rivalry.
227
779502
4243
As irmás expulsaban a outras irmás.
13:16
Sisters kicked out other sisters.
228
784871
2241
Esa da esquerda intentou durante días
volver coa súa familia.
volver coa súa familia.
13:19
That one on the left tried for days
to rejoin her family.
to rejoin her family.
229
787565
3481
Non llo permitiron porque tiñan celos.
13:23
They wouldn't let her
because they were jealous of her.
because they were jealous of her.
230
791070
2692
Estaba chamando a atención
de dous machos novos
de dous machos novos
13:25
She was getting too much attention
from two new males,
from two new males,
231
793786
2813
e ela era a precoz.
13:28
and she was the precocious one.
232
796623
2018
Iso foi demasiado para elas.
13:30
That was too much for them.
233
798665
1653
Acabou vagando fóra do parque
e recibindo un disparo.
e recibindo un disparo.
13:32
She wound up wandering
outside the park and getting shot.
outside the park and getting shot.
234
800342
2725
O macho alfa acabou expulsado
da súa familia.
da súa familia.
13:36
The alpha male wound up
being ejected from his own family.
being ejected from his own family.
235
804463
3409
Cando chegou o inverno,
13:40
As winter was coming in,
236
808436
2003
perdeu o seu territorio,
o seu apoio de caza,
o seu apoio de caza,
13:42
he lost his territory,
his hunting support,
his hunting support,
237
810463
3750
os membros da súa familia
e a súa parella.
e a súa parella.
13:46
the members of his family and his mate.
238
814237
2471
Causámoslles moita dor.
13:50
We cause so much pain to them.
239
818883
3624
O misterio é
13:55
The mystery is, why don't
they hurt us more than they do?
they hurt us more than they do?
240
823665
4960
por que non nos fan máis dano?
Esta candorca acababa de comer
parte dunha foca gris
parte dunha foca gris
14:01
This whale had just finished eating
part of a grey whale
part of a grey whale
241
829855
3198
cos seus compañeiros, quen a mataran.
14:05
with his companions
who had killed that whale.
who had killed that whale.
242
833077
2579
Esa xente do bote
non tiña nada que temer.
non tiña nada que temer.
14:07
Those people in the boat
had nothing at all to fear.
had nothing at all to fear.
243
835680
3084
Esta candorca é T20.
14:11
This whale is T20.
244
839999
1989
Acababa de partir unha foca en tres
con dous compañeiros.
con dous compañeiros.
14:14
He had just finished tearing a seal
into three pieces with two companions.
into three pieces with two companions.
245
842488
4251
A foca pesaba tanto coma a xente do bote.
14:19
The seal weighed about as much
as the people in the boat.
as the people in the boat.
246
847168
2692
Non tiñan nada que temer.
14:21
They had nothing to fear.
247
849884
1503
Aliméntanse de focas.
14:24
They eat seals.
248
852189
1422
14:26
Why don't they eat us?
249
854699
1686
Por que non nos comen?
Por que podemos confiarlles
os nosos fillos?
os nosos fillos?
14:30
Why can we trust them around our toddlers?
250
858823
3760
Por que as candorcas van
por investigadores perdidos na néboa
por investigadores perdidos na néboa
14:36
Why is it that killer whales have returned
to researchers lost in thick fog
to researchers lost in thick fog
251
864488
5902
e os guían durante quilómetros
ata que a néboa desaparece
ata que a néboa desaparece
14:42
and led them miles until the fog parted
252
870414
3330
e o seu fogar aparece aí, na costa?
14:45
and the researchers' home
was right there on the shoreline?
was right there on the shoreline?
253
873768
3165
Isto pasou máis dunha vez.
14:48
And that's happened more than one time.
254
876957
2016
Nas Bahamas, unha muller,
Denise Herzing,
Denise Herzing,
14:53
In the Bahamas, there's a woman
named Denise Herzing,
named Denise Herzing,
255
881171
2575
estuda os golfiños manchados
e eles coñécena.
e eles coñécena.
14:55
and she studies spotted dolphins
and they know her.
and they know her.
256
883770
3324
14:59
She knows them very well.
She knows who they all are.
She knows who they all are.
257
887118
2598
Ela coñéceos moi ben.
Sabe quen son todos.
Sabe quen son todos.
Eles coñécena.
Recoñecen o barco de investigación.
Recoñecen o barco de investigación.
15:01
They know her.
They recognize the research boat.
They recognize the research boat.
258
889740
2262
Cando aparece, é unha reunión feliz.
Agás unha vez, ela chegou
Agás unha vez, ela chegou
15:04
When she shows up,
it's a big happy reunion.
it's a big happy reunion.
259
892026
2230
15:06
Except, one time showed up and they
didn't want to come near the boat,
didn't want to come near the boat,
260
894280
3315
e eles non querían achegarse,
o que era moi raro.
o que era moi raro.
15:09
and that was really strange.
261
897619
2074
Non sabían que pasaba
ata que alguén saíu a cuberta
ata que alguén saíu a cuberta
15:11
And they couldn't figure out
what was going on
what was going on
262
899717
2164
15:13
until somebody came out on deck
263
901905
1500
e anunciou que
unha das persoas a bordo finara
unha das persoas a bordo finara
15:15
and announced that one
of the people onboard had died
of the people onboard had died
264
903429
2635
durante unha sesta na súa liteira.
15:18
during a nap in his bunk.
265
906088
1771
Como sabían os golfiños
que un dos corazóns humanos
que un dos corazóns humanos
15:20
How could dolphins know
that one of the human hearts
that one of the human hearts
266
908740
3926
acababa de parar?
15:24
had just stopped?
267
912690
1469
Por que lles importaba?
15:26
Why would they care?
268
914818
2290
E por que os asustou?
15:29
And why would it spook them?
269
917132
2193
Estes misterios apuntan
a todo o que pasa
a todo o que pasa
15:33
These mysterious things just hint at
all of the things that are going on
all of the things that are going on
270
921111
5299
nas mentes que están con nós na Terra
15:38
in the minds that are with us on Earth
271
926434
2742
sobre as que case nunca pensamos.
15:41
that we almost never think about at all.
272
929200
4231
Nun acuario en Suráfrica
15:46
At an aquarium in South Africa
273
934258
2172
había unha pequena cría de arroaz
chamada Dolly.
chamada Dolly.
15:48
was a little baby bottle-nosed
dolphin named Dolly.
dolphin named Dolly.
274
936454
3224
Estaba lactando
15:52
She was nursing, and one day
a keeper took a cigarette break
a keeper took a cigarette break
275
940178
6144
e un día un vixiante nun descanso
estaba a mirar pola fiestra
á súa piscina, fumando.
á súa piscina, fumando.
15:58
and he was looking into the window
into their pool, smoking.
into their pool, smoking.
276
946346
4107
Dolly achegouse e mirouno,
16:02
Dolly came over and looked at him,
277
950477
2374
foi onda a nai,
16:04
went back to her mother,
nursed for a minute or two,
nursed for a minute or two,
278
952875
3878
lactou un minuto ou dous
volveu á fiestra
16:08
came back to the window
279
956777
1803
e soltou unha nube de leite
que lle cubriu a cabeza como o fume.
que lle cubriu a cabeza como o fume.
16:10
and released a cloud of milk
that enveloped her head like smoke.
that enveloped her head like smoke.
280
958604
5665
Dalgún xeito,
16:16
Somehow, this baby bottle-nosed dolphin
281
964293
3106
esta cría de arroaz tivo a idea
16:19
got the idea of using milk
to represent smoke.
to represent smoke.
282
967423
4289
de usar leite para representar o fume.
Cando os humanos usan algo
para representar outra cousa,
para representar outra cousa,
16:24
When human beings use one thing
to represent another,
to represent another,
283
972211
3348
chamámolo arte.
16:27
we call that art.
284
975583
2025
16:29
(Laughter)
285
977632
2023
O que nos fai humanos
non é o que cremos que nolo fai.
non é o que cremos que nolo fai.
16:31
The things that make us human
286
979679
1531
16:33
are not the things
that we think make us human.
that we think make us human.
287
981234
3080
O que nos fai humanos é que,
16:36
What makes us human is that,
288
984781
2324
de todo o que as nosas mentes
e as súas teñen,
e as súas teñen,
16:39
of all these things that our minds
and their minds have,
and their minds have,
289
987129
3136
nós somos os máis extremos.
16:42
we are the most extreme.
290
990289
2240
Somos os máis compasivos,
16:46
We are the most compassionate,
291
994347
2289
os máis violentos, os máis creativos
16:48
most violent, most creative
292
996660
3017
e o animal máis destrutivo
que houbo neste planeta.
que houbo neste planeta.
16:51
and most destructive animal
that has ever been on this planet,
that has ever been on this planet,
293
999701
4660
e somos todo iso xunto.
16:56
and we are all of those things
all jumbled up together.
all jumbled up together.
294
1004385
3724
Pero o amor non é o que nos fai humanos.
17:01
But love is not the thing
that makes us human.
that makes us human.
295
1009341
4238
Non é especial para nós.
17:06
It's not special to us.
296
1014242
2352
Non somos os únicos
17:09
We are not the only ones
who care about our mates.
who care about our mates.
297
1017674
3971
que nos preocupamos polos demais.
Non somos os únicos
que nos preocupamos
que nos preocupamos
17:13
We are not the only ones
who care about our children.
who care about our children.
298
1021669
3338
polos nosos fillos.
Os albatros voan nove,
ás veces 16.000 quilómetros
ás veces 16.000 quilómetros
17:18
Albatrosses frequently fly six,
sometimes ten thousand miles
sometimes ten thousand miles
299
1026904
4970
durante semanas
para entregar unha comida,
para entregar unha comida,
17:23
over several weeks to deliver
one meal, one big meal,
one meal, one big meal,
300
1031898
4487
unha gran comida,
ás súas crías que os esperan.
ás súas crías que os esperan.
17:28
to their chick who is waiting for them.
301
1036409
1976
Aniñan nas illas máis remotas
dos océanos do mundo
dos océanos do mundo
17:30
They nest on the most remote islands
in the oceans of the world,
in the oceans of the world,
302
1038835
4398
17:35
and this is what it looks like.
303
1043257
2373
e así é como son.
Pasar a vida dunha xeración a outra
é a cadea do ser.
é a cadea do ser.
17:39
Passing life from one generation
to the next is the chain of being.
to the next is the chain of being.
304
1047370
4180
17:43
If that stops, it all goes away.
305
1051574
2976
Se se para, todo remata.
Se hai algo sagrado, é isto,
17:46
If anything is sacred, that is,
and into that sacred relationship
and into that sacred relationship
306
1054975
4650
e a esa relación sagrada
chega o noso lixo de plástico.
chega o noso lixo de plástico.
17:51
comes our plastic trash.
307
1059649
2831
Todos estes paxaros
teñen plástico neles.
teñen plástico neles.
17:54
All of these birds
have plastic in them now.
have plastic in them now.
308
1062504
2687
Este é un albatros de seis meses
17:57
This is an albatross six months old,
ready to fledge --
ready to fledge --
309
1065990
4651
listo para emplumar, morto,
cheo de chisqueiros vermellos.
cheo de chisqueiros vermellos.
18:02
died, packed with red cigarette lighters.
310
1070665
4001
Esta non é a relación que se supón
que temos que ter
que temos que ter
18:06
This is not the relationship
we are supposed to have
we are supposed to have
311
1074690
3285
co resto do mundo.
18:09
with the rest of the world.
312
1077999
1586
Pero nós, que nos identificamos
logo do noso cerebro,
logo do noso cerebro,
18:11
But we, who have named
ourselves after our brains,
ourselves after our brains,
313
1079609
3324
nunca pensamos nas consecuencias.
18:16
never think about the consequences.
314
1084195
3386
Cando damos a benvida
a un novo humano no mundo,
a un novo humano no mundo,
18:21
When we welcome new
human life into the world,
human life into the world,
315
1089041
3120
damos a benvida ós nosos bebés
na compañía doutras criaturas.
na compañía doutras criaturas.
18:24
we welcome our babies
into the company of other creatures.
into the company of other creatures.
316
1092185
4503
Pintamos animais nas paredes.
Non pintamos móbiles.
Non pintamos móbiles.
18:28
We paint animals on the walls.
317
1096712
2093
18:30
We don't paint cell phones.
318
1098829
1828
Non pintamos espazos de traballo.
18:32
We don't paint work cubicles.
319
1100681
2143
Pintamos animais para amosarlles
que non estamos sós.
que non estamos sós.
18:34
We paint animals to show them
that we are not alone.
that we are not alone.
320
1102848
3901
Temos compañía.
18:39
We have company.
321
1107316
1743
E cada un deses animais
en cada pintura da arca de Noé,
en cada pintura da arca de Noé,
18:42
And every one of those animals
in every painting of Noah's ark,
in every painting of Noah's ark,
322
1110527
4740
considerados dignos de salvación
está en perigo mortal agora,
está en perigo mortal agora,
18:47
deemed worthy of salvation
is in mortal danger now,
is in mortal danger now,
323
1115291
4340
e o seu diluvio somos nós.
18:51
and their flood is us.
324
1119655
2253
Comezamos cunha pregunta:
18:55
So we started with a question:
325
1123704
2299
quérennos?
18:58
Do they love us?
326
1126027
1864
Imos facer outra pregunta.
19:01
We're going to ask another question.
327
1129999
2048
Somos capaces de usar o que temos
19:04
Are we capable of using what we have
328
1132999
3610
para coidalos o suficiente
19:09
to care enough to simply
let them continue?
let them continue?
329
1137918
4173
para deixalos continuar?
Moitas grazas.
19:16
Thank you very much.
330
1144725
1341
19:18
(Applause)
331
1146090
5640
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writerCarl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature.
Why you should listen
Carl Safina explores how the ocean is changing and what those changes mean for wildlife and for people.
Safina is author of seven books, including Song for the Blue Ocean, which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year, Eye of the Albatross, Voyage of the Turtle and The View From Lazy Point. Safina is founding president of The Safina Center at Stony Brook University, where he also co-chairs the University's Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science. A winner of the 2012 Orion Award and a MacArthur Prize, among others, his work has been featured in outlets such as The New York Times, National Geographic, CNN.com and The Huffington Post, and he hosts “Saving the Ocean” on PBS.
His latest book, Beyond Words: What Animals Think And Feel, explores the inner lives of animals.
Carl Safina | Speaker | TED.com