TED Talks Education
Sir Ken Robinson: How to escape education's death valley
Ken Robinson:: Kako izbjeći obrazovnu dolinu smrti
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Sir Ken Robinson izdvaja 3 načela presudna za procvat ljudskoga uma, i opisuje kako aktualna obrazovna kultura djeluje suprotno tim načelima. U duhovitom, uzbudljivom govoru on nam ukazuje kako izaći iz obrazovne "doline smrti" s kojom smo suočeni, i kako odgajati naše mlađe generacije u ozračju mogućnosti.
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam najljepša.
00:17
I moved to America 12 years ago
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Doselio sam se u Ameriku prije 12 godina,
00:19
with my wife Terry and our two kids.
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sa svojom suprugom Terry i s naše dvoje djece.
00:21
Actually, truthfully, we moved to Los Angeles -- (Laughter) --
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Zapravo, iskreno, doselili smo se u Los Angeles -- (Smijeh) --
00:27
thinking we were moving to America,
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misleći da dolazimo u Ameriku,
00:29
but anyway, it's a short plane ride from Los Angeles
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ali kako god, kratak je let avionom od Los Angelesa
00:35
to America.
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do Amerike.
00:38
I got here 12 years ago,
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Stigao sam ovamo prije 12 godina,
00:41
and when I got here, I was told various things,
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i pošto sam stigao ovamo, svašta su mi govorili,
00:44
like, "Americans don't get irony."
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poput: "Amerikanci ne kuže ironiju."
00:50
Have you come across this idea?
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Jeste li se ikad susreli s ovom tvrdnjom?
00:53
It's not true. I've traveled the whole length and breadth of this country.
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Nije istinita. Proputovao sam ovu zemlju uzduž i poprijeko.
00:56
I have found no evidence that Americans don't get irony.
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Nisam pronašao nikakav dokaz da Amerikanci ne razumiju ironiju.
00:59
It's one of those cultural myths,
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To je jedan od onih kulturalnih mitova,
01:02
like, "The British are reserved."
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poput onoga: "Britanci su suzdržani."
01:06
I don't know why people think this.
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Ne znam zašto ljudi tako misle.
01:08
We've invaded every country we've encountered.
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Napali smo u svaku zemlju na koju smo naišli.
01:10
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:14
But it's not true Americans don't get irony,
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Ali nije istina da Amerikanci ne razumiju ironiju,
01:17
but I just want you to know that that's what people
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nego ja jedino želim da znate da je to ono
01:19
are saying about you behind your back.
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što vam ljudi govore iza vaših leđa.
01:21
You know, so when you leave living rooms in Europe,
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Znate, kad napustite svoje dnevne boravke u Europi,
01:24
people say, thankfully, nobody was ironic in your presence.
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ljudi kažu, zahvalno, nitko u vašoj prisutnosti nije bio ironičan.
01:28
But I knew that Americans get irony
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Ali, znao sam da Amerikanci razumiju ironiju
01:31
when I came across that legislation No Child Left Behind.
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čim sam naišao na onaj zakon zvan "Nijedno zapostavljeno dijete".
01:37
Because whoever thought of that title gets irony,
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Jer, tko god se dosjetio toga naslova - razumije ironiju.
01:42
don't they, because --
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Zar ne, zato što --
01:44
(Laughter) (Applause) —
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak) --
01:49
because it's leaving millions of children behind.
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zato što se njime zapostavlja milijune djece.
01:53
Now I can see that's not a very attractive name for legislation:
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Dakle, razumijem da osobito privlačan naziv za zakon ne bi bio:
01:56
Millions of Children Left Behind. I can see that.
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"Milijuni zapostavljene djece". To mi je jasno.
02:00
What's the plan? Well, we propose
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Kakav je plan? Pa, mi predlažemo
02:01
to leave millions of children behind,
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da zanemarimo milijune djece,
02:03
and here's how it's going to work.
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i evo kako će to funkcionirati.
02:05
And it's working beautifully.
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I to prekrasno funkcionira.
02:08
In some parts of the country,
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U nekim dijelovima zemlje
02:09
60 percent of kids drop out of high school.
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60% djece napušta srednje škole.
02:13
In the Native American communities,
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U američkim Indijanskim zajednicama
02:15
it's 80 percent of kids.
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radi se o oko 80% djece.
02:17
If we halved that number, one estimate is
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Prepolovimo li taj broj, prema jednoj procjeni,
02:21
it would create a net gain to the U.S. economy
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neto-dobit za američku ekonomiju,
02:26
over 10 years of nearly a trillion dollars.
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tijekom 10 godina dosegla bi gotovo trilijun dolara.
02:30
From an economic point of view,
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Iz ekonomskog gledišta,
02:32
this is good math, isn't it, that we should do this?
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matematika je točna, zar ne?
Trebali bismo to učiniti?
Trebali bismo to učiniti?
02:35
It actually costs an enormous amount
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No, zapravo, enormno će nas koštati
02:38
to mop up the damage from the dropout crisis.
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popravak šteta nastalih ovolikim odustajanjima od daljnjeg školovanja.
02:42
But the dropout crisis is just the tip of an iceberg.
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A ta je kriza tek vrh ledenog brijega.
02:46
What it doesn't count are all the kids who are in school
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Ono što analize ne uzimaju u obzir su sva ona djeca koja su i dalje u školi,
02:48
but being disengaged from it, who don't enjoy it,
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ali su nezainteresirana,
koja ne uživaju u njoj,
koja ne uživaju u njoj,
02:52
who don't get any real benefit from it.
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koja iz svega toga ne izvlače nikakve koristi.
02:55
And the reason is
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A pravi razlog nije taj
02:56
not that we're not spending enough money.
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da mi ne trošimo dovoljno novca.
02:58
America spends more money on education
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Amerika troši više novca na obrazovanje
03:00
than most other countries.
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od većine drugih zemalja.
03:02
Class sizes are smaller than in many countries.
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Razredni su odjeli manji no u mnogim zemljama.
03:05
And there are hundreds of initiatives every year
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I svake se godine stotinama inicijativa
03:07
to try and improve education.
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nastoji unaprijediti obrazovanje.
03:10
The trouble is, it's all going in the wrong direction.
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Problem je u tome što je sve pogrešno usmjereno.
03:14
There are three principles
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Tri su načela
03:15
on which human life flourishes,
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na kojima počiva procvat ljudskog života,
03:19
and they are contradicted by the culture of education
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i ona su u suprotnosti s kulturom obrazovanja
03:23
under which most teachers have to labor
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u kojoj većina učitelja mora raditi
03:25
and most students have to endure.
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i većina učenika izdržati.
03:28
The first is this, that human beings
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Prvo je načelo da su ljudska bića
03:31
are naturally different and diverse.
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prirodno različita i raznolika.
03:36
Can I ask you, how many of you
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Zapitajte se koliko vas
03:37
have got children of your own?
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ima vlastitu djecu?
03:40
Okay. Or grandchildren.
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Dobro. Ili unučad?
03:43
How about two children or more? Right.
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A dvoje ili više djece? Dobro.
03:47
And the rest of you have seen such children.
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A vi ostali ste vidjeli takvu djecu?
03:49
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:52
Small people wandering about.
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Mali ljudi što lutaju naokolo.
03:55
I will make you a bet,
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Nudim vam okladu,
03:57
and I am confident that I will win the bet.
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i uvjeren sam da ću je dobiti.
03:59
If you've got two children or more,
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Ako imate dvoje ili više djece,
04:01
I bet you they are completely different from each other.
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kladim se da se jedno od drugoga potpuno razlikuje.
04:05
Aren't they? Aren't they? (Applause)
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Zar ne? Zar ne? (Pljesak)
04:09
You would never confuse them, would you?
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Nikad se ne biste zabunili, je li tako?
04:12
Like, "Which one are you? Remind me.
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Kao: "Koje si ono ti? Podsjeti me.
04:16
Your mother and I are going to introduce
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Tvoja majka i ja uvest ćemo
04:18
some color-coding system, so we don't get confused."
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kodni sustav u bojama, da bismo vas mogli razlikovati."
04:21
Education under No Child Left Behind
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Obrazovanje unutar zakona o "Nijednom zapostavljenom djetetu"
04:24
is based on not diversity but conformity.
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zasniva se na sličnosti, ne na raznolikosti.
04:29
What schools are encouraged to do is to find out
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Škole se potiču da prepoznaju što djeca mogu
04:32
what kids can do across a very narrow spectrum of achievement.
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učiniti unutar vrlo uskog raspona postignuća.
04:36
One of the effects of No Child Left Behind
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Jedna od posljedica ovoga zakona
04:39
has been to narrow the focus
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sužavanje je naše pažnje
04:41
onto the so-called STEM disciplines. They're very important.
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na tzv. STEM-discipline (znanost, tehnologija, inženjerstvo, matematika). One su vrlo važne.
04:44
I'm not here to argue against science and math.
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Nisam ovdje da bih polemizirao o prirodoslovlju ili o matematici.
04:46
On the contrary, they're necessary but they're not sufficient.
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Naprotiv, oni su neophodni, ali nisu i dovoljni.
04:51
A real education has to give equal weight
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Istinsko obrazovanje mora pridati jednaki značaj
04:53
to the arts, the humanities, to physical education.
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umjetnostima, humanističkim predmetima, tjelesnom odgoju.
04:57
An awful lot of kids, sorry, thank you — (Applause) —
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Strašno mnogo djece, oprostite, hvala -- (Pljesak) --
05:04
One estimate in America currently is that
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Jedna od procjena kaže da se trenutno u Americi
05:07
something like 10 percent of kids, getting on that way,
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kod oko 10% djece, u takvim okolnostima,
05:09
are being diagnosed with various conditions
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dijagnosticiraju različita stanja
05:14
under the broad title of attention deficit disorder.
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pod širokim nazivom poremećaja manjka pažnje.
05:18
ADHD. I'm not saying there's no such thing.
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ADHD. Ne kažem da toga nema.
05:22
I just don't believe it's an epidemic like this.
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Ja samo ne vjerujem da se radi o epidemiji takvih razmjera.
05:25
If you sit kids down, hour after hour,
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Zahtijevate li od djece da satima sjede,
05:27
doing low-grade clerical work,
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i rade na ne osobito zahtjevnim administrativnim zadacima,
05:31
don't be surprised if they start to fidget, you know?
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ne iznenađujte se ako se uzvrpolje.
05:34
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
05:41
Children are not, for the most part,
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Većina djece ne pati
05:44
suffering from a psychological condition.
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ni od kakvih psiholoških poremećaja.
05:46
They're suffering from childhood. (Laughter)
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Pate jedino od djetinjstva. (Smijeh)
05:52
And I know this because I spent my early life
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Ja to znam jer sam rani svoj život proveo
05:54
as a child. I went through the whole thing.
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kao dijete. Prošao sam kroz sve to.
05:58
Kids prosper best with a broad curriculum
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Djeca najviše napreduju ako je program širok,
06:01
that celebrates their various talents,
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ako im omogućuje da iskazuju razne svoje talente,
06:03
not just a small range of them.
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a ne tek jedan njihov uzak dio.
06:05
And by the way, the arts aren't just important
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Uzgred, umjetnosti nisu značajne samo
06:07
because they improve math scores.
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zato što poboljšavaju rezultate u matematici.
06:08
They're important because they speak to parts
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One su važne jer one govore onim dijelovima
06:10
of children's being which are otherwise untouched.
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dječjeg bića koje ostali predmeti ni ne dotiču.
06:14
The second, thank you — (Applause)
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Drugo, hvala -- (Pljesak)
06:20
The second principle that drives human life flourishing
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Drugo načelo koje potiče procvat ljudskog života je
06:24
is curiosity.
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znatiželja.
06:26
If you can light the spark of curiosity in a child,
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Uspijete li zapaliti iskru znatiželje u djetetu,
06:29
they will learn without any further assistance, very often.
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ono će vrlo često učiti bez ikakve daljnje pomoći.
06:33
Children are natural learners.
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Djeca su prirodni učenici.
06:35
It's a real achievement to put that particular ability out,
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Istinsko je postignuće isključiti tu osobitu sposobnost,
06:39
or to stifle it.
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ili je ugušiti.
06:42
Curiosity is the engine of achievement.
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Znatiželja je pokretač postignuća.
06:46
Now the reason I say this is because
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Razlog zbog kojega to govorim je taj što
06:48
one of the effects of the current culture here, if I can say so,
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jedan od učinaka aktualne kulture,
ako smijem tako reći,
ako smijem tako reći,
06:52
has been to de-professionalize teachers.
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bio je de-profesionalizacija učitelja.
06:56
There is no system in the world
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Ne postoji sustav u svijetu
06:59
or any school in the country
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ili ijedna škola u zemlji
07:01
that is better than its teachers.
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koja je bolja od njenih učitelja.
07:05
Teachers are the lifeblood of the success of schools.
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Učitelji su vitalno tkivo uspješnosti škola.
07:09
But teaching is a creative profession.
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Ali poučavanje je kreativno zanimanje.
07:12
Teaching, properly conceived, is not a delivery system.
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Poučavanje, pojmimo li ga ispravno,
nije sustav isporuke.
nije sustav isporuke.
07:16
You know, you're not there just to pass on received information.
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Znate, niste ondje da biste samo proslijedili zaprimljenu informaciju.
07:18
Great teachers do that,
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Veliki učitelji to čine,
07:21
but what great teachers also do is mentor,
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ali što veliki učitelji također čine jest - poučavaju,
07:24
stimulate, provoke, engage.
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stimuliraju, izazivaju, uključuju.
07:27
You see, in the end, education is about learning.
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Vidite, na koncu, bit obrazovanja je u učenju.
07:30
If there's no learning going on,
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Ne zbiva li se učenje,
07:32
there's no education going on.
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ne događa se niti obrazovanje.
07:34
And people can spend an awful lot of time
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A ljudi mogu provesti silno vrijeme
07:35
discussing education without ever discussing learning.
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rapravljajući o obrazovanju a da pritom uopće ne raspravljaju o učenju.
07:38
The whole point of education is to get people to learn.
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Čitav smisao obrazovanja jest u tome da ljude potaknete na učenje.
07:41
A friend of mine, an old friend -- actually very old,
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Prijatelj moj, stari prijatelj -- zapravo, jako star,
07:43
he's dead. (Laughter)
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pokojni je. (Smijeh)
07:47
That's as old as it gets, I'm afraid.
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Onoliko star koliko je to moguće, bojim se.
07:53
But a wonderful guy he was, wonderful philosopher.
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Ali, sjajan je čovjek bio; izniman filozof.
07:58
He used to talk about the difference between the task
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Običavao je govoriti o razlici u značenjima glagola,
08:01
and achievement senses of verbs.
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onom koje govori o aktivnosti i onome koje govori o postignuću.
08:05
You know, you can be engaged in the activity of something,
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Znate, možete biti uključenu u neku aktivnost,
08:07
but not really be achieving it,
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ali da pritom i ne postižete cilj.
08:09
like dieting. It's a very good example, you know.
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Poput dijete. To je vrlo dobar primjer, znate.
08:13
There he is. He's dieting. Is he losing any weight? Not really.
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"Evo ga. Drži dijetu. Gubi li išta ne težini? Ne baš."
08:18
Teaching is a word like that.
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Poučavanje je jedna takva riječ.
08:19
You can say, "There's Deborah, she's in room 34, she's teaching."
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Možete reći: "Ovo je Deborah, ona je u sobi 34, poučava."
08:23
But if nobody's learning anything,
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Ali, ako nitko ništa pritom ne uči,
08:25
she may be engaged in the task of teaching
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ona je možda uključena u zadaću poučavanja,
08:27
but not actually fulfilling it.
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ali je uopće ne ispunjava.
08:30
The role of a teacher is to facilitate learning. That's it.
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Uloga učitelja je u olakšavanju i pospješivanju učenja. To je sve.
08:34
And part of the problem is, I think,
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I dio problema je, mislim,
08:36
that the dominant culture of education has come to focus
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u činjenici da se dominantna obrazovna kultura usredotočila
08:40
on not teaching and learning, but testing.
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na testiranje, umjesto na poučavanje i učenje.
08:43
Now, testing is important. Standardized tests have a place.
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Testiranje je, naravno, važno.
Standardizirani testovi su vrijedni.
Standardizirani testovi su vrijedni.
08:47
But they should not be the dominant culture of education.
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Međutim, oni ne bi smjeli biti dominantni u našoj obrazovnoj kulturi.
08:50
They should be diagnostic. They should help.
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Oni bi trebali biti dijagnostički.
Oni bi nam trebali pomagati.
Oni bi nam trebali pomagati.
08:52
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:00
If I go for a medical examination,
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Odem li na liječnički pregled,
09:02
I want some standardized tests. I do.
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priželjkujem neke standardizirane testove. Doista.
09:06
You know, I want to know what my cholesterol level is
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Znate, želim usporediti razinu svog kolesterola
09:07
compared to everybody else's on a standard scale.
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s razinama sviju drugih na nekoj standardiziranoj ljestvici.
09:10
I don't want to be told on some scale
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Ne želim tu informaciju na temelju
09:11
my doctor invented in the car.
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neke ljestvice što ju je liječnik izmislio u vožnji.
09:15
"Your cholesterol is what I call Level Orange."
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"Vaš kolesterol je na razini koju ja nazivam Narančasti stupanj."
09:18
"Really? Is that good?""We don't know."
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"Ozbiljno? Je li to dobro? Ne znamo."
09:24
But all that should support learning. It shouldn't obstruct it,
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No, sve to trebalo bi podržavati učenje.
Ne bi ga trebalo ometati,
Ne bi ga trebalo ometati,
09:29
which of course it often does.
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što, dakako, nerijetko čini.
09:31
So in place of curiosity, what we have
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Dakle, umjesto znatiželje, dobili smo
09:33
is a culture of compliance.
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kulturu udovoljavanja i slaganja.
09:35
Our children and teachers are encouraged
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Našu se djecu i učitelje potiče
09:38
to follow routine algorithms
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da slijede rutinske postupke
09:41
rather than to excite that power of imagination and curiosity.
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umjesto da se pobudi ta moć mašte i znatiželje.
09:45
And the third principle is this:
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I treće je načelo sljedeće:
09:46
that human life is inherently creative.
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ljudski je život u svojoj suštini - stvaralački.
09:49
It's why we all have different résumés.
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Zato se naši životopisi razlikuju.
09:52
We create our lives,
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Mi kreiramo svoje živote,
09:54
and we can recreate them as we go through them.
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i možemo ih re-kreirati tijekom življenja.
09:56
It's the common currency of being a human being.
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To je zajedničko sredstvo razmjene
u bivanju ljudskim bićem.
u bivanju ljudskim bićem.
09:59
It's why human culture is so interesting and diverse
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To je razlog zašto je ljudska kultura toliko zanimljiva,
10:01
and dynamic.
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raznolika i dinamična.
10:03
I mean, other animals may well have imaginations
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3009
Hoću reći, i druge životinje mogu raspolagati maštom
10:06
and creativity, but it's not so much in evidence,
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i stvaralaštvom, ali to nije baš toliko očito,
10:08
is it, as ours?
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je li, poput naše?
10:10
I mean, you may have a dog.
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Primjerice, možete imati psa.
10:12
And your dog may get depressed.
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3006
I vaš pas može postati depresivan.
10:15
You know, but it doesn't listen to Radiohead, does it?
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Znate, ali on ne sluša Radiohead, zar ne?
10:18
(Laughter)
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3920
(Smijeh)
10:22
And sit staring out the window with a bottle of Jack Daniels.
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2512
I ne sjedi zureći kroz prozor, s bocom Jacka Danielsa.
10:24
(Laughter)
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4424
(Smijeh)
10:28
And you say, "Would you like to come for a walk?"
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I vi mu kažete: "Želiš li u šetnju?"
10:30
He says, "No, I'm fine.
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A on na to: "Ne, dobro mi je ovako.
10:33
You go. I'll wait. But take pictures."
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Idi ti. Pričekat ću te ovdje. Ali, zabilježi koju fotku."
10:39
We all create our own lives through this restless process
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2914
Svi mi stvaramo vlastite živote u nestalnom procesu
10:42
of imagining alternatives and possibilities,
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2009
zamišljanja alternativa i mogućnosti,
10:44
and what one of the roles of education
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2239
i jedna od uloga obrazovanja
10:46
is to awaken and develop these powers of creativity.
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4036
jest da probudi i razvije te stvaralačke snage.
10:50
Instead, what we have is a culture of standardization.
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3560
Inače, imat ćemo kulturu standardizacije.
10:54
Now, it doesn't have to be that way. It really doesn't.
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4107
No, to ne mora tako biti. Uistinu ne mora.
10:58
Finland regularly comes out on top
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Finska se redovito pojavljuje na vrhu
11:01
in math, science and reading.
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1375
u matematici, prirodoslovlju i u čitanju.
11:03
Now, we only know that's what they do well at
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2616
Mi jedino znamo da su oni u tome dobri
11:05
because that's all that's being tested currently.
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1864
zato što je to sve što se trenutno ispituje.
11:07
That's one of the problems of the test.
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1641
To je jedan od problema s testovima.
11:09
They don't look for other things that matter just as much.
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3159
Njima se ne ispituju ostale, ne manje važne, stvari.
11:12
The thing about work in Finland is this:
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2504
Ono što je u slučaju Finske bitno je sljedeće:
11:15
they don't obsess about those disciplines.
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3379
oni se ne opterećuju tim disciplinama.
11:18
They have a very broad approach to education
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1763
Vrlo široko pristupaju obrazovanju
11:20
which includes humanities, physical education, the arts.
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4538
i ono uključuje humanističke discipline, tjelesni odgoj, i umjetnosti.
11:24
Second, there is no standardized testing in Finland.
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5736
Drugo, u Finskoj nema standardiziranog testiranja.
11:30
I mean, there's a bit,
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1760
Mislim, ima ponešto,
11:32
but it's not what gets people up in the morning.
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1551
ali to nije ono zbog čega ljudi ujutro ustaju.
11:33
It's not what keeps them at their desks.
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2205
To nije ono zbog čega ostaju za svojim stolovima.
11:36
And the third thing, and I was at a meeting recently
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I treća stvar, bio sam nedavno na sastanku
11:37
with some people from Finland, actual Finnish people,
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s nekim ljudima iz Finske, stvarnim Fincima,
11:41
and somebody from the American system
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2803
i netko iz američkog sustava
11:44
was saying to the people in Finland,
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1773
pitao je ljude u Finskoj:
11:45
"What do you do about the dropout rate in Finland?"
225
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3919
"Što činite vi u Finskoj u vezi sa stopom odustajanja od školovanja?"
11:49
And they all looked a bit bemused, and said,
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1621
Djelovali su pomalo zatečeni, no odgovorili su mu:
11:51
"Well, we don't have one.
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2849
"Pa, nemamo takvih slučajeva.
11:54
Why would you drop out?
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2339
Zašto bi netko odustao od školovanja?
11:56
If people are in trouble, we get to them quite quickly
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2265
Ako su ljudi u problemima, vrlo im brzo priskočimo
11:58
and help them and we support them."
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1585
u pomoć, i podržimo ih."
12:00
Now people always say, "Well, you know,
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1894
Ljudi obično kažu: "Ma, znaš,
12:02
you can't compare Finland to America."
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3128
ne možeš uspoređivati Finsku i Ameriku."
12:05
No. I think there's a population
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Ne. Mislim da Finska ima
12:06
of around five million in Finland.
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2128
oko pet milijuna stanovnika.
12:08
But you can compare it to a state in America.
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3829
Ali, možete je usporediti s jednom američkom saveznom državom.
12:12
Many states in America have fewer people in them than that.
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3904
U mnogim američkim saveznim državama
živi manje ljudi.
živi manje ljudi.
12:16
I mean, I've been to some states in America
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1667
Hoću reći, bio sam u nekim američkim državama
12:18
and I was the only person there. (Laughter)
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3813
i bio sam pritom jedina osoba ondje. (Smijeh)
12:22
Really. Really. I was asked to lock up when I left.
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4373
Ozbiljno. Ozbiljno.
Tražili su me da zaključam vrata pri odlasku.
Tražili su me da zaključam vrata pri odlasku.
12:26
(Laughter)
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4031
(Smijeh)
12:30
But what all the high-performing systems in the world do
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738603
3933
No, ono što svi visokoučinkoviti sustavi u svijetu čine,
12:34
is currently what is not evident, sadly,
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4182
nažalost, trenutačno nije vidljivo
12:38
across the systems in America -- I mean, as a whole.
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3985
širom američkih sustava -- u cjelini, mislim.
12:42
One is this: They individualize teaching and learning.
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Jedno je ovo:
Oni individualiziraju poučavanje i učenje.
Oni individualiziraju poučavanje i učenje.
12:47
They recognize that it's students who are learning
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3466
Oni prepoznaju da su učenici ti koji uče
12:51
and the system has to engage them, their curiosity,
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3658
i da ih sustav treba uključiti i potaknuti njihovu znatiželju,
12:54
their individuality, and their creativity.
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2577
njihovu individualnost, njihovu kreativnost.
12:57
That's how you get them to learn.
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2359
Samo tako ih se može potaknuti da uče.
12:59
The second is that they attribute a very high status
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Drugo što čine jest da vrlo visok status pridaju
13:03
to the teaching profession.
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2281
učiteljskom zanimanju.
13:06
They recognize that you can't improve education
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2944
Oni prepoznaju da nije moguće unaprijediti obrazovanje
13:09
if you don't pick great people to teach
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1649
ne odaberete li sjajne ljude da poučavaju
13:10
and if you don't keep giving them constant support
253
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1859
i ne ustrajete li u tome da im pružite stalnu podršku
13:12
and professional development.
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1765
i profesionalni razvoj.
13:14
Investing in professional development is not a cost.
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2937
Ulaganje u profesionalni razvoj nije trošak.
13:17
It's an investment,
256
785219
1406
To je investicija,
13:18
and every other country that's succeeding well knows that,
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2931
i svaka danas uspješna zemlja to zna,
13:21
whether it's Australia, Canada, South Korea, Singapore,
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4959
bila to Australija, Kanada, Južna Koreja, Singapur,
13:26
Hong Kong or Shanghai. They know that to be the case.
259
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3446
Hong Kong ili Šangaj. Oni znaju da je tome tako.
13:29
And the third is, they devolve responsibility
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3543
I treće: oni odgovornost za obavljanje posla
13:33
to the school level for getting the job done.
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3739
predaju školama.
13:37
You see, there's a big difference here between
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805243
2378
Vidite, velika je razlika u odnosu na
13:39
going into a mode of command and control in education --
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807621
3764
obrazovanje zasnovano na principima
zapovijedi i kontrole --
zapovijedi i kontrole --
13:43
That's what happens in some systems.
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1600
To se u nekim sustavima događa.
13:44
You know, central governments decide
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1321
Znate, središnje vlasti odlučuju
13:46
or state governments decide
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1290
ili lokalne vlasti odlučuju.
13:47
they know best and they're going to tell you what to do.
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2995
Oni znaju najbolje i oni će vam reći što da činite.
13:50
The trouble is that education doesn't go on
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3727
Problem je u tome što se obrazovni proces
ne nastavlja
ne nastavlja
13:54
in the committee rooms of our legislative buildings.
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2878
u sjedničkim dvoranama naših zakonodavnih ustanova.
13:57
It happens in classrooms and schools,
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3088
Događa se u učionicama i u školama,
14:00
and the people who do it are the teachers and the students,
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3073
i ljudi koji ga provode su učitelji i učenici.
14:03
and if you remove their discretion, it stops working.
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3408
Oduzmete li im slobodu djelovanja, proces staje.
14:06
You have to put it back to the people.
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3050
Morate ga vratiti ljudima.
14:09
(Applause)
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4829
(Pljesak)
14:14
There is wonderful work happening in this country.
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2712
Sjajne se stvari događaju u ovoj zemlji.
14:17
But I have to say it's happening
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2143
Međutim, moram reći da se zbivaju
14:19
in spite of the dominant culture of education,
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2566
unatoč dominantnoj obrazovnoj kulturi,
14:22
not because of it.
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1401
a ne zahvaljujući njoj.
14:23
It's like people are sailing into a headwind all the time.
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851466
3604
Kao kad netko sve vrijeme jedri
izravno u čeoni vjetar.
izravno u čeoni vjetar.
14:27
And the reason I think is this:
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855070
2461
Mislim da je tome razlog sljedeći:
14:29
that many of the current policies are based on
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857531
3337
većina aktualnih politika temelje se
14:32
mechanistic conceptions of education.
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3041
na mehanicističkim koncepcijama obrazovanja.
14:35
It's like education is an industrial process
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3768
Kao da je obrazovanje industrijski proces
14:39
that can be improved just by having better data,
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3007
koji se može unaprijediti već samo raspolaganjem točnijim podacima
14:42
and somewhere in, I think, the back of the mind
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1667
i negdje, mislim, u nekom zakutku uma
14:44
of some policy makers is this idea that
286
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2136
nekih od tvoraca obrazovnih politika nalazi se ideja
14:46
if we fine-tune it well enough, if we just get it right,
287
874487
3318
da ako ga samo malo podesimo,
samo malo uštimamo,
samo malo uštimamo,
14:49
it will all hum along perfectly into the future.
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2631
on će savršeno otpjevušiti u budućnost.
14:52
It won't, and it never did.
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3221
Neće. Nikada i nije.
14:55
The point is that education is not a mechanical system.
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4099
Poanta je da obrazovanje nije mehanički sustav.
14:59
It's a human system. It's about people,
291
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3897
Ono je ljudski sustav. Tiče se ljudi,
15:03
people who either do want to learn or don't want to learn.
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3055
ljudi koji ili žele učiti, ili ne žele učiti.
15:06
Every student who drops out of school has a reason for it
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4815
Svaki učenik koji odustaje od škole čini to iz razloga
15:11
which is rooted in their own biography.
294
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2321
ukorijenjenog u vlastitom životopisu.
15:13
They may find it boring. They may find it irrelevant.
295
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3023
Možda im je dosadna. Možda im je nevažna.
15:16
They may find that it's at odds
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2514
Možda smatraju da je u neskladu
15:19
with the life they're living outside of school.
297
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2544
sa životima koje žive izvan škole.
15:21
There are trends, but the stories are always unique.
298
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3839
Postoje trendovi, ali priče su uvijek jedinstvene.
15:25
I was at a meeting recently in Los Angeles of --
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3001
Nedavno sam se zatekao na sastanku
u Los Angelesu o --
u Los Angelesu o --
15:28
they're called alternative education programs.
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2245
nazivaju ih alternativnim obrazovnim programima.
15:31
These are programs designed to get kids back into education.
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3403
Ti su programi oblikovani da bi pripomogli vraćanju djece u obrazovni proces.
15:34
They have certain common features.
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1944
Imaju neka zajednička obilježja.
15:36
They're very personalized.
303
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2032
Izrazito su personalizirani.
15:38
They have strong support for the teachers,
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3210
Učitelji uživaju snažnu podršku,
15:41
close links with the community
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2261
bliski su odnosi s lokalnom zajednicom,
15:43
and a broad and diverse curriculum,
306
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1626
školski je program širok i raznolik,
15:45
and often programs which involve students
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2631
i često uključuju učenike
15:48
outside school as well as inside school.
308
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2673
izvan škole i unutar škole.
15:50
And they work.
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1710
I funkcioniraju.
15:52
What's interesting to me is,
310
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1402
Zanimljivo mi je
15:53
these are called "alternative education."
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3186
da ih se naziva "alternativnim obrazovanjem".
15:57
You know?
312
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2182
Razumijete?
15:59
And all the evidence from around the world is,
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1776
I svi svjetski pokazatelji govore nam da
16:01
if we all did that, there'd be no need for the alternative.
314
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4226
kad bismo svi to učinili, potrebe
za alternativnim ne bi bilo.
za alternativnim ne bi bilo.
16:05
(Applause)
315
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8420
(Pljesak)
16:13
So I think we have to embrace a different metaphor.
316
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2848
Stoga mislim da bismo trebali usvojiti drugačiju metaforu.
16:16
We have to recognize that it's a human system,
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2657
Moramo prepoznati da je to ljudski sustav,
16:19
and there are conditions under which people thrive,
318
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3596
i da postoje uvjeti u kojima ljudi rastu,
16:22
and conditions under which they don't.
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2905
i uvjeti u kojima se to ne zbiva.
16:25
We are after all organic creatures,
320
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2925
Napokon, mi smo organska bića,
16:28
and the culture of the school is absolutely essential.
321
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4646
i kultura škole je neprijeporno bitna.
16:33
Culture is an organic term, isn't it?
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2428
Kultura je organski pojam, nije li?
16:35
Not far from where I live is a place called Death Valley.
323
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3729
Nedaleko od mjesta gdje živim nalazi se Dolina smrti.
16:39
Death Valley is the hottest, driest place in America,
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5672
Dolina smrti je najtoplije, najsuše mjesto u Americi,
16:45
and nothing grows there.
325
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2802
i ondje ništa ne raste.
16:47
Nothing grows there because it doesn't rain.
326
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2624
Ništa ne raste jer ondje ne pada kiša.
16:50
Hence, Death Valley.
327
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2393
Dakle, Dolina smrti.
16:52
In the winter of 2004, it rained in Death Valley.
328
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7147
Tijekom zime 2004. kiša je pala u Dolini smrti.
17:00
Seven inches of rain fell over a very short period.
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3772
Dvadesetak centimetara kiše palo je tijekom vrlo kratkog razdoblja.
17:03
And in the spring of 2005, there was a phenomenon.
330
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5202
A u proljeće 2005. zabilježena je sljedeća pojava:
17:09
The whole floor of Death Valley was carpeted in flowers
331
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4634
Čitavo je tlo Doline smrti, zakratko,
17:13
for a while.
332
1021672
1756
bilo posuto cvijećem.
17:15
What it proved is this: that Death Valley isn't dead.
333
1023428
5294
Što nam to dokazuje? Dolina smrti nije mrtva.
17:20
It's dormant.
334
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Ona je uspavana.
17:23
Right beneath the surface are these seeds of possibility
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Neposredno ispod površine sjeme je mogućnosti,
17:26
waiting for the right conditions to come about,
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koje čeka da se stvore pravi uvjeti.
17:30
and with organic systems, if the conditions are right,
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U odgovarajućim uvjetima, kod organskih je sustava
17:33
life is inevitable. It happens all the time.
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život neizbježan. On se neprestano događa.
17:37
You take an area, a school, a district,
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Odaberite četvrt, školu, regiju,
17:40
you change the conditions, give people a different sense of possibility,
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Promijenite uvjete, ponudite ljudima osjećaj drugačijih mogućnosti,
17:43
a different set of expectations,
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različit skup očekivanja,
17:44
a broader range of opportunities,
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širi raspon prilika,
17:46
you cherish and value the relationships between teachers and learners,
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njegujte i cijenite odnose između učitelja i učenika,
17:49
you offer people the discretion to be creative
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omogućite ljudima slobodu da budu kreativni
17:52
and to innovate in what they do,
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i inovativni u onome što rade,
17:54
and schools that were once bereft spring to life.
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I škole koje su nekad bile zakržljale - ponovno uskrsnu.
17:57
Great leaders know that.
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Dobri lideri to znaju.
17:59
The real role of leadership in education --
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Istinska uloga predvodništva u obrazovanju,
18:01
and I think it's true at the national level, the state level,
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a vjerujem da je to istina na nacionalnoj razini, na lokalnoj razini,
18:04
at the school level --
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kao i na školskoj razini -
18:05
is not and should not be command and control.
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nije i ne smije se sastojati u zapovijedanju
i u kontroli.
i u kontroli.
18:10
The real role of leadership is climate control,
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Istinska njegova uloga je u upravljanju klimom,
18:14
creating a climate of possibility.
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u stvaranju ozračja mogućnosti.
18:16
And if you do that, people will rise to it
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I učinite li to, ljudi će to prihvatiti,
18:19
and achieve things that you
completely did not anticipate
completely did not anticipate
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i postići ono što uopće niste predvidjeli
18:22
and couldn't have expected.
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i što niste mogli očekivati.
18:24
There's a wonderful quote from Benjamin Franklin.
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Izvrstan je citat Benjamina Franklina:
18:26
"There are three sorts of people in the world:
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"Postoje tri vrste ljudi u svijetu:
18:29
Those who are immovable,
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Oni koji su nepokretni,
18:31
people who don't get it, they don't want to get it,
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ljudi koji ne dobivaju. koji ne žele dobiti,
18:33
they're not going to do anything about it;
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i koji ništa u vezi s time neće poduzeti.
18:35
there are people who are movable,
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Postoje ljudi koji su pokretni,
18:36
people who see the need for change
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ljudi koji vide potrebu za promjenom
18:38
and are prepared to listen to it;
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i spremni su je osluškivati.
18:40
and there are people who move,
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I postoje ljudi koji pokreću,
18:42
people who make things happen."
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ljudi koji osiguravaju da se promjene dogode."
18:44
And if we can encourage more people,
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Potaknemo li više ljudi,
18:46
that will be a movement.
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stvorit ćemo pokret.
18:49
And if the movement is strong enough,
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I bude li pokret dovoljno snažan,
18:51
that's, in the best sense of the word, a revolution.
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bit će to, u najboljem smislu riječi, revolucija.
18:54
And that's what we need.
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To je ono što nam je potrebno.
18:56
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam najljepša.
18:57
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
19:00
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Hvala vam najljepša. (Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educatorCreativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.
Why you should listen
Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."
A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com