TED2009
Brian Cox: What went wrong at the LHC
Brian Cox: Što je pošlo krivo s LHC-om
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
1,425,948 views
U ovom kratkom TED U predavanju iz 2009. godine, Brian Cox govori o novostima vezanim za CERN-ov supersudarač čestica. On priča o popravcima koji su trenutno u toku i što budućnost donosi kada je najveći znanstveni eksperiment ikada započet u pitanju.
Brian Cox - Physicist
Physicist Brian Cox has two jobs: working with the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and explaining big science to the general public. He's a professor at the University of Manchester. Full bio
Physicist Brian Cox has two jobs: working with the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and explaining big science to the general public. He's a professor at the University of Manchester. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Last year at TED I gave an introduction to the LHC.
0
0
4000
Na prošlogodišnjem govoru upoznao sam vas sa LHC-om.
00:16
And I promised to come back and give you an update
1
4000
2000
I obećao sam da cu doći ponovo sa novim informacijama
00:18
on how that machine worked.
2
6000
2000
o tome kako taj uređaj radi.
00:20
So this is it. And for those of you that weren't there,
3
8000
2000
Zato sam sada ovdje. Za vas koji niste bili prisutni,
00:22
the LHC is the largest scientific experiment ever attempted --
4
10000
3000
LHC je najveći znanstveni eksperiment ikada pokušan -
00:25
27 kilometers in circumference.
5
13000
2000
27 kilometara obujma.
00:27
Its job is to recreate the conditions
6
15000
2000
Njegov zadatak je da ponovo stvori uvjete
00:29
that were present less than a billionth of a second after the universe began,
7
17000
3000
koji su bili prisutni u manje od milijarditog dijela sekunde nakon nastanka svemira,
00:32
up to 600 million times a second.
8
20000
3000
do 600 milijuna puta u sekundi.
00:35
It's nothing if not ambitious.
9
23000
2000
U najmanju ruku ambiciozno.
00:37
This is the machine below Geneva.
10
25000
2000
Ovo je uređaj ispod Ženeve
00:39
We take the pictures of those mini-Big Bangs inside detectors.
11
27000
3000
Slikamo te mini-velike praske u tim detektorima.
00:42
This is the one I work on. It's called the ATLAS detector --
12
30000
3000
Ovo je jedan od tih na kojem ja radim. Ime mu je ATLAS detektor -
00:45
44 meters wide, 22 meters in diameter.
13
33000
3000
44 metra širok, 22 metra promjera.
00:48
Spectacular picture here of ATLAS under construction
14
36000
3000
Spektakularna slika iz perioda sklapanja ATLAS-a
00:51
so you can see the scale.
15
39000
2000
da bi dobili dojam o veličini.
00:53
On the 10th of September last year we turned the machine on for the first time.
16
41000
3000
Prvi put smo uključili uređaj 10. studenog prošle godine.
00:56
And this picture was taken by ATLAS.
17
44000
3000
Ovu sliku je slikao ATLAS.
00:59
It caused immense celebration in the control room.
18
47000
3000
Bila je uzrok ogromnog veselja u kontrolnoj sobi.
01:02
It's a picture of the first beam particle
19
50000
2000
To je slika prvog snopa čestica
01:04
going all the way around the LHC,
20
52000
2000
kako se poslije prolaska cijelom dužinom LHC-a,
01:06
colliding with a piece of the LHC deliberately,
21
54000
3000
sudara sa svrsishodno postavljenim dijelom LHC-a
01:09
and showering particles into the detector.
22
57000
2000
i rasipa čestice u detektor.
01:11
In other words, when we saw that picture on September 10th
23
59000
2000
Drugim riječima, kada smo vidjeli tu sliku 10. studenog
01:13
we knew the machine worked,
24
61000
2000
znali smo da uređaj radi,
01:15
which is a great triumph.
25
63000
2000
što je bio velik uspjeh.
01:17
I don't know whether this got the biggest cheer,
26
65000
2000
Nisam siguran da li je to prouzrokovalo najglasnije radovanje,
01:19
or this, when someone went onto Google
27
67000
2000
ili ovo, kada je netko otvorio Google
01:21
and saw the front page was like that.
28
69000
2000
i vidio da naslovna strana ovako izgleda.
01:23
It means we made cultural impact
29
71000
2000
To znači da smo ostvarili kulturološki utjecaj,
01:25
as well as scientific impact.
30
73000
2000
kao i znanstveni.
01:27
About a week later we had a problem with the machine,
31
75000
3000
Oko tjedan dana kasnije dogodio se problem na uređaju,
01:30
related actually to these bits of wire here -- these gold wires.
32
78000
4000
zapravo na ovim dijelovima žice ovdje - ovim zlatnim žicama.
01:34
Those wires carry 13 thousand amps
33
82000
3000
Te žice provode 13 tisuća ampera
01:37
when the machine is working in full power.
34
85000
2000
kada akcelerator radi punom snagom.
01:39
Now the engineers amongst you will look at them and say,
35
87000
2000
Inženjeri među vama će ih pogledati i reći:
01:41
"No they don't. They're small wires."
36
89000
2000
"Nemoguće. To su male žice."
01:43
They can do that because
37
91000
2000
Te žice mogu to zato što
01:45
when they are very cold they are what's called superconducting wire.
38
93000
2000
su u stanju superprovodljivosti kada se dovoljno ohlade.
01:47
So at minus 271 degrees,
39
95000
3000
Dakle na minus 271 stupanj Celzijusa,
01:50
colder than the space between the stars,
40
98000
2000
to je hladnije od međuzvjezdanog prostora,
01:52
those wires can take that current.
41
100000
2000
te žice mogu provoditi struju te jačine.
01:54
In one of the joints between over 9,000 magnets in LHC,
42
102000
4000
Jedan od više od 9 tisuća magneta LHC-a,
01:58
there was a manufacturing defect.
43
106000
2000
je napravljen s greškom.
02:00
So the wire heated up slightly,
44
108000
2000
Tako se žica zagrijala vrlo malo,
02:02
and its 13,000 amps suddenly encountered electrical resistance.
45
110000
4000
i 13 tisuća ampera je odjednom naišlo na električni otpor.
02:06
This was the result.
46
114000
2000
Ovo je bio rezultat.
02:08
Now that's more impressive
47
116000
3000
Ipak, ovo je impresivnije
02:11
when you consider those magnets weigh over 20 tons,
48
119000
2000
kada uzmete u obzir da ti magneti imaju masu od preko 20 tona,
02:13
and they moved about a foot.
49
121000
2000
i pomaknuti su za tridesetak cm.
02:15
So we damaged about 50 of the magnets.
50
123000
3000
Oštećeno je oko 50 magneta.
02:18
We had to take them out, which we did.
51
126000
3000
Morali smo ih izvaditi, što smo i učinili.
02:21
We reconditioned them all, fixed them.
52
129000
2000
Sve smo ih popravili i vratili u funkciju.
02:23
They're all on their way back underground now.
53
131000
2000
I upravo ovih dana ih šaljemo nazad u podzemni tunel.
02:25
By the end of March the LHC will be intact again.
54
133000
2000
LHC će ponovno mirovati do kraja ožujka.
02:27
We will switch it on,
55
135000
2000
Uključit ćemo ga,
02:29
and we expect to take data in June or July,
56
137000
3000
a zatim očekujemo podatke u lipnju ili srpnju,
02:32
and continue with our quest to find out
57
140000
3000
kao nastavak naše potrage za odgovorom na pitanje
02:35
what the building blocks of the universe are.
58
143000
2000
od čega je sazdan naš svemir.
02:37
Now of course, in a way
59
145000
3000
Naravno, na neki način
02:40
those accidents reignite the debate
60
148000
2000
ove nezgode ponovo dovode debatu
02:42
about the value of science and engineering at the edge. It's easy to refute.
61
150000
6000
o vrijednosti znanosti i inženjerstva koji rade na nečemu potpuno novom. Lako ih je opovrgnuti.
02:48
I think that the fact that it's so difficult,
62
156000
2000
Mislim da je to što je taj rad toliko težak,
02:50
the fact that we're overreaching, is the value of things like the LHC.
63
158000
4000
činjenica da posežemo za nečim novim, vrijednost stvari kao što je LHC.
02:54
I will leave the final word to an English scientist, Humphrey Davy,
64
162000
4000
Posljednju izjavu ću prepustiti engleskom znanstveniku, Humphrey Davyju,
02:58
who, I suspect,
65
166000
2000
koji je, bar ja tako sumnjam,
03:00
when defending his protege's useless experiments --
66
168000
3000
braneći beskorisne eksperimente njegovog štićenika,
03:03
his protege was Michael Faraday --
67
171000
2000
a to je bio Michael Faraday,
03:05
said this, "Nothing is so dangerous
68
173000
3000
rekao ovo, "Ništa nije tako opasno
03:08
to the progress of the human mind
69
176000
2000
po napredak ljudskog uma
03:10
than to assume that our views of science are ultimate,
70
178000
4000
od pretpostavke da je naše znanstveno razumjevanje svijeta savršeno,
03:14
that there are no mysteries in nature,
71
182000
2000
da ne postoje misterije u prirodi,
03:16
that our triumphs are complete, and that
72
184000
2000
da su naši uspijesi kompletni, i da
03:18
there are no new worlds to conquer."
73
186000
2000
ne postoje novi svijetovi koje treba osvojiti."
03:20
Thank you.
74
188000
2000
Hvala vam.
03:22
(Applause)
75
190000
2000
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Brian Cox - PhysicistPhysicist Brian Cox has two jobs: working with the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and explaining big science to the general public. He's a professor at the University of Manchester.
Why you should listen
Based at the University of Manchester, Brian Cox works at CERN in Geneva on the ATLAS experiment, studying the forward proton detectors for the Large Hadron Collider there. He's a professor at the University of Manchester, working in the High Energy Physics group, and is a research fellow of the Royal Society.
He's also become a vital voice in the UK media for explaining physics to the public. With his rockstar hair and accessible charm, he's the go-to physicist for explaining heady concepts on British TV and radio. (If you're in the UK, watch him on The Big Bang Machine.) He was the science advisor for the 2007 film Sunshine. He answers science questions every Friday on BBC6 radio's Breakfast Show.
Brian Cox | Speaker | TED.com