TEDGlobal 2014
Laura Boushnak: For these women, reading is a daring act
Laura Bušnak (Laura Boushnak): Za ove žene, čitanje je čin odvažnosti
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U nekim delovima sveta, polovina žena ne zna da čita i piše. Razlozi za to variraju, ali u većini slučajeva pismenost se ne ceni kod očeva, muževa, čak ni majki. Fotografkinja i član TED Fellows programa, Laura Bušnak, putovala je u zemlje poput Jemena, Egipta i Tunisa kako bi istakla značaj hrabrih žena - učenica, političkih aktivistkinja, šezdesetogodišnjih mama - koje se bore protiv statistike.
Laura Boushnak - Photographer
Laura Boushnak is a Kuwaiti-born Palestinian photographer whose work focuses on women, literacy and education reform in the Arab world. Full bio
Laura Boushnak is a Kuwaiti-born Palestinian photographer whose work focuses on women, literacy and education reform in the Arab world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
As an Arab female photographer,
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Kao fotografkinja arapskog porekla,
00:14
I have always found ample inspiration
for my projects in personal experiences.
for my projects in personal experiences.
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oduvek sam pronalazila obilnu inspiraciju
za svoje projekte u ličnim iskustvima.
za svoje projekte u ličnim iskustvima.
00:20
The passion I developed for knowledge,
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Strast za obrazovanjem,
00:22
which allowed me to break barriers
towards a better life
towards a better life
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koja mi je omogućila da srušim prepreke
do boljeg života,
do boljeg života,
00:25
was the motivation
for my project I Read I Write.
for my project I Read I Write.
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je motivisala moj projekat: Čitam, pišem.
00:29
Pushed by my own experience,
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Podstaknuta sopstvenim iskustvom,
00:31
as I was not allowed initially
to pursue my higher education,
to pursue my higher education,
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kako mi na početku nisu dozvoljavli
da pohađam više škole,
da pohađam više škole,
00:35
I decided to explore and document
stories of other women
stories of other women
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odlučila sam da istražim i dokumentujem
priče drugih žena
priče drugih žena
00:39
who changed their lives through education,
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kojima je obrazovanje promenilo život,
00:42
while exposing and questioning
the barriers they face.
the barriers they face.
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razotkrivajući i dovodeći u pitanje
prepreke s kojima se suočavaju.
prepreke s kojima se suočavaju.
00:46
I covered a range of topics
that concern women's education,
that concern women's education,
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Pokrila sam niz tema
koje se bave obrazovanjem žena,
koje se bave obrazovanjem žena,
00:50
keeping in mind the differences
among Arab countries
among Arab countries
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imajući u vidu razlike
među arapskim zemljama
među arapskim zemljama
00:52
due to economic and social factors.
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zbog ekonomskih i društvenih faktora.
00:55
These issues include female illiteracy,
which is quite high in the region;
which is quite high in the region;
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Neki od problema su: nepismenost kod žena,
koja je izuzetno visoka u regionu;
koja je izuzetno visoka u regionu;
00:59
educational reforms;
programs for dropout students;
programs for dropout students;
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reforme obrazovanja;
programi za ispisane đake
programi za ispisane đake
i politički aktivizam kod studenata.
01:04
and political activism
among university students.
among university students.
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01:08
As I started this work,
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Na početku mog rada,
01:09
it was not always easy
to convince the women to participate.
to convince the women to participate.
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nije uvek bilo lako
nagovoriti žene da učestvuju.
nagovoriti žene da učestvuju.
01:13
Only after explaining to them
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Tek nakon što bih im objasnila
01:15
how their stories
might influence other women's lives,
might influence other women's lives,
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kako njihove priče
mogu da utiču na živote drugih žena,
mogu da utiču na živote drugih žena,
01:18
how they would become role models
for their own community, did some agree.
for their own community, did some agree.
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kako mogu da postanu uzori
u svojoj zajednici, poneke bi pristale.
u svojoj zajednici, poneke bi pristale.
01:22
Seeking a collaborative
and reflexive approach,
and reflexive approach,
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Tragajući za pristupom
koji uključuje saradnju i uzajamnost,
koji uključuje saradnju i uzajamnost,
01:26
I asked them to write
their own words and ideas
their own words and ideas
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tražila sam od njih da ispišu
sopstvene reči i misli
sopstvene reči i misli
01:29
on prints of their own images.
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na svojim odštampanim fotografijama.
01:31
Those images were then shared
in some of the classrooms,
in some of the classrooms,
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Ove slike su potom podeljene
u pojedinim učionicama
u pojedinim učionicama
01:34
and worked to inspire
and motivate other women
and motivate other women
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i služile su kao inspiracija
i motivacija drugim ženama
i motivacija drugim ženama
01:37
going through similar educations
and situations.
and situations.
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koje su imale slično obrazovno iskustvo.
01:42
Aisha, a teacher from Yemen, wrote,
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Ajša, učiteljica iz Jemena, je napisala:
01:45
"I sought education in order
to be independent
to be independent
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"Težila sam obrazovanju
kako bih bila nezavisna
kako bih bila nezavisna
i da ne moram da se obraćam
muškarcima za sve."
muškarcima za sve."
01:48
and to not count on men with everything."
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01:51
One of my first subjects
was Umm El-Saad from Egypt.
was Umm El-Saad from Egypt.
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Jedan od mojih prvih subjekata
je bila Um El-Sad iz Egipta.
je bila Um El-Sad iz Egipta.
01:55
When we first met, she was
barely able to write her name.
barely able to write her name.
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Kada sam je upoznala,
jedva da je znala da se potpiše.
jedva da je znala da se potpiše.
Pohađala je devetomesečni program
opismenjavanja
opismenjavanja
01:58
She was attending
a nine-month literacy program
a nine-month literacy program
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koji je vodila jedna lokalna NVO
u predgrađu Kaira.
u predgrađu Kaira.
02:01
run by a local NGO in the Cairo suburbs.
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02:04
Months later, she was joking
that her husband
that her husband
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Nekoliko meseci kasnije,
šalila se kako joj muž
šalila se kako joj muž
02:06
had threatened to pull her
out of the classes,
out of the classes,
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preti da će da je ispiše sa časova
02:08
as he found out that his now literate wife
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jer je otkrio da njegova,
sada pismena žena,
sada pismena žena,
02:11
was going through his phone text messages.
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proverava njegove poruke na telefonu.
02:13
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:15
Naughty Umm El-Saad.
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Nevaljala Um El-Sad.
02:17
Of course, that's not why
Umm El-Saad joined the program.
Umm El-Saad joined the program.
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Naravno da se Um El-Sad nije zbog toga
pridružila programu.
pridružila programu.
Videla sam kako je žudila da ima kontrolu
nad prostim svakodnevnim rutinama,
nad prostim svakodnevnim rutinama,
02:21
I saw how she was longing to gain
control over her simple daily routines,
control over her simple daily routines,
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malim detaljima koje uzimamo olako,
02:26
small details that we take for granted,
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02:27
from counting money at the market
to helping her kids in homework.
to helping her kids in homework.
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od brojanja novca na pijaci
do pomaganja deci kod domaćeg.
do pomaganja deci kod domaćeg.
Uprkos siromaštvu i mentalitetu kolektiva,
02:32
Despite her poverty
and her community's mindset,
and her community's mindset,
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02:35
which belittles women's education,
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koji omalovažava obrazovanje žena,
02:37
Umm El-Saad, along with
her Egyptian classmates,
her Egyptian classmates,
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Um El-Sad, zajedno sa svojim
egipatskim kolegama,
egipatskim kolegama,
02:39
was eager to learn how to read and write.
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žudila je da nauči da čita i piše.
02:44
In Tunisia, I met Asma,
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U Tunisu sam upoznala Asmu,
jednu od četiri aktivistkinje
koje sam intervjuisala.
koje sam intervjuisala.
02:46
one of the four activist women
I interviewed.
I interviewed.
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02:49
The secular bioengineering student
is quite active on social media.
is quite active on social media.
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Sekularna studentkinja bioinženjeringa
je prilično aktivna na društvenim mrežama.
je prilično aktivna na društvenim mrežama.
02:54
Regarding her country, which treasured
what has been called the Arab Spring,
what has been called the Arab Spring,
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Misleći na svoju zemlju, za čije blago
se smatra Arapsko proleće, rekla je:
se smatra Arapsko proleće, rekla je:
"Oduvek sam sanjala
da ću otkriti novu bakteriju.
da ću otkriti novu bakteriju.
03:00
she said, "I've always dreamt
of discovering a new bacteria.
of discovering a new bacteria.
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Sada, nakon revolucije,
svakoga dana pronalazimo po jednu."
svakoga dana pronalazimo po jednu."
03:03
Now, after the revolution,
we have a new one every single day."
we have a new one every single day."
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03:06
Asma was referring to the rise
of religious fundamentalism in the region,
of religious fundamentalism in the region,
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Asma misli na uspon
religijskog fundamentalizma u regionu,
religijskog fundamentalizma u regionu,
03:11
which is another obstacle
to women in particular.
to women in particular.
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koji je još jedna prepreka,
naročito za žene.
naročito za žene.
03:15
Out of all the women I met,
Fayza from Yemen affected me the most.
Fayza from Yemen affected me the most.
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Od svih žena koje sam upoznala,
Fajza iz Jemena me je najviše ganula.
Fajza iz Jemena me je najviše ganula.
03:20
Fayza was forced to drop out of school
at the age of eight when she was married.
at the age of eight when she was married.
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Fajza je bila prinuđena da napusti školu
sa osam godina, kada je udata.
sa osam godina, kada je udata.
03:25
That marriage lasted for a year.
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Brak je trajao godinu dana.
Sa 14 godina postala je treća žena
šezdesetogodišnjem čoveku,
šezdesetogodišnjem čoveku,
03:28
At 14, she became the third wife
of a 60-year-old man,
of a 60-year-old man,
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03:32
and by the time she was 18,
she was a divorced mother of three.
she was a divorced mother of three.
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a do osamnaeste,
bila je razvedena majka troje dece.
bila je razvedena majka troje dece.
03:37
Despite her poverty,
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Uprkos siromaštvu,
uprkos društvenom statusu razvedene žene
u izuzetno konzervativnom društvu
u izuzetno konzervativnom društvu
03:39
despite her social status as a divorcée
in an ultra-conservative society,
in an ultra-conservative society,
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i uprkos protivljenju njenih roditelja
da se vrati u školu,
da se vrati u školu,
03:44
and despite the opposition of her parents
to her going back to school,
to her going back to school,
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Fajza je znala da je obrazovanje
jedini način da upravlja svojim životom.
jedini način da upravlja svojim životom.
03:48
Fayza knew that her only way
to control her life was through education.
to control her life was through education.
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Sada ima 26 godina.
03:53
She is now 26.
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Dobila je stipendiju od lokalne NVO
03:55
She received a grant from a local NGO
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kojom će da finansira
poslovne studije na univerzitetu.
poslovne studije na univerzitetu.
03:57
to fund her business studies
at the university.
at the university.
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Njen cilj je da nađe posao,
iznajmi stan u kom će da živi
iznajmi stan u kom će da živi
04:00
Her goal is to find a job,
rent a place to live in,
rent a place to live in,
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04:04
and bring her kids back with her.
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i da povede decu sa sobom.
04:07
The Arab states are going through
tremendous change,
tremendous change,
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Arapske države prolaze
kroz ogromne promene,
kroz ogromne promene,
a problemi sa kojima se žene suočavaju
su poražavajući.
su poražavajući.
04:11
and the struggles women face
are overwhelming.
are overwhelming.
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04:14
Just like the women I photographed,
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Baš kao i žene koje sam fotografisala,
04:16
I had to overcome many barriers
to becoming the photographer I am today,
to becoming the photographer I am today,
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i ja sam morala da savladam mnoge prepreke
da bih postala fotograf kakav jesam,
da bih postala fotograf kakav jesam,
04:21
many people along the way
telling me what I can and cannot do.
telling me what I can and cannot do.
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mnogi su mi usput dobacivali
šta mogu, a šta ne mogu da uradim.
šta mogu, a šta ne mogu da uradim.
04:25
Umm El-Saad, Asma and Fayza,
and many women across the Arab world,
and many women across the Arab world,
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Um El-Sad, Asma, Fajza
i mnoge druge žene širom arapskog sveta,
i mnoge druge žene širom arapskog sveta,
04:30
show that it is possible
to overcome barriers to education,
to overcome barriers to education,
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pokazuju da je moguće
savladati prepreke na putu do obrazovanja,
savladati prepreke na putu do obrazovanja,
04:34
which they know is the best means
to a better future.
to a better future.
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za koje znaju da je najbolje sredstvo
do bolje budućnosti.
do bolje budućnosti.
04:39
And here I would like to end
with a quote by Yasmine,
with a quote by Yasmine,
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A sad bih volela da zaključim
Jasmininim citatom,
Jasmininim citatom,
to je jedna od četiri aktivistkinje
koje sam intervjuisala u Tunisu.
koje sam intervjuisala u Tunisu.
04:42
one of the four activist women
I interviewed in Tunisia.
I interviewed in Tunisia.
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Jasmina je napisala:
04:45
Yasmine wrote,
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04:47
"Question your convictions.
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"Preispitaj svoja ubeđenja.
04:49
Be who you to want to be,
not who they want you to be.
not who they want you to be.
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Budi ono što želiš da budeš,
ne ono što drugi žele.
ne ono što drugi žele.
Ne prihvataj ropstvo,
jer te je majka rodila slobodnu."
jer te je majka rodila slobodnu."
04:53
Don't accept their enslavement,
for your mother birthed you free."
for your mother birthed you free."
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Hvala.
04:56
Thank you.
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04:59
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Laura Boushnak - PhotographerLaura Boushnak is a Kuwaiti-born Palestinian photographer whose work focuses on women, literacy and education reform in the Arab world.
Why you should listen
Boushnak's documentary project I Read I Write explores the barriers women face accessing education and the role of literacy in improving the lives of women in Egypt, Yemen, Kuwait, Jordan, Tunisia and Saudi Arabia. For the project, Boushnak encouraged women to write their thoughts on prints of their portraits, engaging them directly in the artistic process. Boushnak’s images have been widely published, and her work has been exhibited in museums and galleries around the world. She is a co-founder of Rawiya, a collective that brings together the work and experience of female photographers from the Middle East.
Laura Boushnak | Speaker | TED.com