TEDGlobal 2014
Laura Boushnak: For these women, reading is a daring act
Laura Boushnak: Za ove žene čitanje je smion čin
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U nekim dijelovima svijeta polovina žena ne zna čitati ni pisati. Iako su razlozi za to različiti, često je slučaj da njihovi očevi, supruzi, pa čak ni majke, pismenost ne smatraju vrijednom vještinom. Fotografkinja i TED Fellow Laura Boushnak putovala je u države među kojima su Jemen, Egipat i Tunis kako bi istaknula hrabre žene - školarke, političke aktivistice, 60-godišnje majke - koje se bore protiv statistika.
Laura Boushnak - Photographer
Laura Boushnak is a Kuwaiti-born Palestinian photographer whose work focuses on women, literacy and education reform in the Arab world. Full bio
Laura Boushnak is a Kuwaiti-born Palestinian photographer whose work focuses on women, literacy and education reform in the Arab world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
As an Arab female photographer,
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Kao Arapkinja i fotografkinja,
00:14
I have always found ample inspiration
for my projects in personal experiences.
for my projects in personal experiences.
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uvijek sam pronalazila obilje inspiracije
za svoje projekte u osobnom iskustvu.
za svoje projekte u osobnom iskustvu.
00:20
The passion I developed for knowledge,
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Strast za znanjem,
00:22
which allowed me to break barriers
towards a better life
towards a better life
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koja mi je dopustila da razbijem
granice i krenem boljem životu,
granice i krenem boljem životu,
00:25
was the motivation
for my project I Read I Write.
for my project I Read I Write.
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bila mi je motivacija za
projekt "Čitam, pišem".
projekt "Čitam, pišem".
00:29
Pushed by my own experience,
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Potaknuta vlastitim iskustvom,
00:31
as I was not allowed initially
to pursue my higher education,
to pursue my higher education,
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jer mi isprva nisu bili dopušteni
viši stupnjevi školovanja,
viši stupnjevi školovanja,
00:35
I decided to explore and document
stories of other women
stories of other women
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odlučila sam istražiti i
dokumentirati priče drugih žena
dokumentirati priče drugih žena
00:39
who changed their lives through education,
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koje su školovanjem
promijenile svoje živote,
promijenile svoje živote,
00:42
while exposing and questioning
the barriers they face.
the barriers they face.
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otkrivajući i ispitujući
prepreke s kojima se suočavaju.
prepreke s kojima se suočavaju.
00:46
I covered a range of topics
that concern women's education,
that concern women's education,
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Obuhvatila sam razne teme
povezane s obrazovanjem žena
povezane s obrazovanjem žena
00:50
keeping in mind the differences
among Arab countries
among Arab countries
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imajući na umu različitosti
među arapskim zemljama
među arapskim zemljama
00:52
due to economic and social factors.
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koje su posljedica
gopodarskih i socijalnih faktora.
gopodarskih i socijalnih faktora.
00:55
These issues include female illiteracy,
which is quite high in the region;
which is quite high in the region;
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To uključuje nepismenost žena,
koja je prilično visoka u regiji,
koja je prilično visoka u regiji,
00:59
educational reforms;
programs for dropout students;
programs for dropout students;
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reforme obrazovanja, programe za
učenike koji su prekinuli obrazovanje
učenike koji su prekinuli obrazovanje
i politički aktivizam među studentima.
01:04
and political activism
among university students.
among university students.
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01:08
As I started this work,
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Kad sam počela,
01:09
it was not always easy
to convince the women to participate.
to convince the women to participate.
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nije uvijek bilo lako
nagovoriti žene na sudjelovanje.
nagovoriti žene na sudjelovanje.
01:13
Only after explaining to them
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Tek nakon što sam im objasnila
01:15
how their stories
might influence other women's lives,
might influence other women's lives,
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kako bi njihove priče mogle
utjecati na živote drugih žena,
utjecati na živote drugih žena,
01:18
how they would become role models
for their own community, did some agree.
for their own community, did some agree.
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kako bi mogle postati uzori
u društvu, neke su pristale.
u društvu, neke su pristale.
01:22
Seeking a collaborative
and reflexive approach,
and reflexive approach,
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Tražila sam od njih suradnju
i refleksivan pristup,
i refleksivan pristup,
01:26
I asked them to write
their own words and ideas
their own words and ideas
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zamolila sam ih da napišu
svoje riječi i ideje
svoje riječi i ideje
01:29
on prints of their own images.
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na ispise svojih fotografija.
01:31
Those images were then shared
in some of the classrooms,
in some of the classrooms,
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Te su slike zatim podijeljene
u nekoliko učionica
u nekoliko učionica
01:34
and worked to inspire
and motivate other women
and motivate other women
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kako bi inspirirale
i motivirale druge žene
i motivirale druge žene
01:37
going through similar educations
and situations.
and situations.
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koje su sličnog obrazovanja
i nalaze se u sličnim situacijama.
i nalaze se u sličnim situacijama.
01:42
Aisha, a teacher from Yemen, wrote,
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Aisha, učiteljica iz Jemena, napisala je:
01:45
"I sought education in order
to be independent
to be independent
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"Željela sam se obrazovati
kako bih bila neovisna
kako bih bila neovisna
i kako ne bih u svemu
ovisila o muškarcima."
ovisila o muškarcima."
01:48
and to not count on men with everything."
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01:51
One of my first subjects
was Umm El-Saad from Egypt.
was Umm El-Saad from Egypt.
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Jedna od mojih prvih ispitanica
bila je Umm El-Saad iz Egipta.
bila je Umm El-Saad iz Egipta.
01:55
When we first met, she was
barely able to write her name.
barely able to write her name.
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Kad smo se upoznale
jedva je znala napisati svoje ime.
jedva je znala napisati svoje ime.
Pohađala je devetomjesečni
program opismenjavanja
program opismenjavanja
01:58
She was attending
a nine-month literacy program
a nine-month literacy program
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02:01
run by a local NGO in the Cairo suburbs.
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koji je vodila lokalna nevladina
udruga iz predgrađa Kaira.
udruga iz predgrađa Kaira.
Nekoliko mjeseci kasnije
šalila se da joj je muž
šalila se da joj je muž
02:04
Months later, she was joking
that her husband
that her husband
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02:06
had threatened to pull her
out of the classes,
out of the classes,
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prijetio da će je ispisati
02:08
as he found out that his now literate wife
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jer je saznao da mu njegova,
sada pismena, žena
sada pismena, žena
02:11
was going through his phone text messages.
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pregledava poruke na mobitelu.
02:13
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:15
Naughty Umm El-Saad.
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Nestašna Umm El-Saad.
02:17
Of course, that's not why
Umm El-Saad joined the program.
Umm El-Saad joined the program.
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Naravno, nije radi toga
Umm El-Saad krenula na program.
Umm El-Saad krenula na program.
Vidjela sam da želi imati kontrolu
nad jednostavnim dnevnim rutinama,
nad jednostavnim dnevnim rutinama,
02:21
I saw how she was longing to gain
control over her simple daily routines,
control over her simple daily routines,
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02:26
small details that we take for granted,
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malim stvarima koje
uzimamo zdravo za gotovo,
uzimamo zdravo za gotovo,
02:27
from counting money at the market
to helping her kids in homework.
to helping her kids in homework.
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od brojenja novca na tržnici
do pomaganja djeci sa zadaćom.
do pomaganja djeci sa zadaćom.
02:32
Despite her poverty
and her community's mindset,
and her community's mindset,
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Usprkos svojem siromaštvu i stavu okoline,
02:35
which belittles women's education,
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koja podcjenjuje obrazovanje žena,
02:37
Umm El-Saad, along with
her Egyptian classmates,
her Egyptian classmates,
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Umm El-Saad, zajedno sa svojim
Egipatskim kolegicama,
Egipatskim kolegicama,
02:39
was eager to learn how to read and write.
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zaista je željela naučiti čitati i pisati.
02:44
In Tunisia, I met Asma,
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U Tunisu sam upoznala Asmu,
02:46
one of the four activist women
I interviewed.
I interviewed.
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jednu od četiri aktivistice
koje sam intervjuirala.
koje sam intervjuirala.
02:49
The secular bioengineering student
is quite active on social media.
is quite active on social media.
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Ta sekularna studentica bioinženjerstva
aktivna je na društvenim mrežama.
aktivna je na društvenim mrežama.
Vezano za svoju zemlju, u kojoj se
zaista cijeni takozvano Arapsko proljeće,
zaista cijeni takozvano Arapsko proljeće,
02:54
Regarding her country, which treasured
what has been called the Arab Spring,
what has been called the Arab Spring,
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kaže: "Oduvijek sam sanjala
da ću otkriti novu bakteriju.
da ću otkriti novu bakteriju.
03:00
she said, "I've always dreamt
of discovering a new bacteria.
of discovering a new bacteria.
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03:03
Now, after the revolution,
we have a new one every single day."
we have a new one every single day."
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Sada, nakon revolucije,
svaki dan imamo po jednu novu."
svaki dan imamo po jednu novu."
03:06
Asma was referring to the rise
of religious fundamentalism in the region,
of religious fundamentalism in the region,
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Asma je pri tome mislila na porast
vjerskog fundamentalizma u regiji,
vjerskog fundamentalizma u regiji,
03:11
which is another obstacle
to women in particular.
to women in particular.
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što je još jedna prepreka, posebno ženama.
03:15
Out of all the women I met,
Fayza from Yemen affected me the most.
Fayza from Yemen affected me the most.
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Od svih žena koje sam upoznala,
najviše me dirnula Fayza iz Jemena.
najviše me dirnula Fayza iz Jemena.
03:20
Fayza was forced to drop out of school
at the age of eight when she was married.
at the age of eight when she was married.
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Fayza je s osam godina, kad se udala,
bila prisiljena prekinuti obrazovanje.
bila prisiljena prekinuti obrazovanje.
03:25
That marriage lasted for a year.
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Taj brak trajao je godinu dana.
03:28
At 14, she became the third wife
of a 60-year-old man,
of a 60-year-old man,
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S 14 godina postala je
treća žena 60-godišnjaka,
treća žena 60-godišnjaka,
03:32
and by the time she was 18,
she was a divorced mother of three.
she was a divorced mother of three.
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a s napunjenih 18 godina,
bila je razvedena majka troje djece.
bila je razvedena majka troje djece.
03:37
Despite her poverty,
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Usprkos svojem siromaštvu,
03:39
despite her social status as a divorcée
in an ultra-conservative society,
in an ultra-conservative society,
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usprkos svojem statusu razvedene žene
u ultrakonzervativnom društvu
u ultrakonzervativnom društvu
03:44
and despite the opposition of her parents
to her going back to school,
to her going back to school,
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i usprkos protivljenju svojih roditelja
kad se željela vratiti u školu,
kad se željela vratiti u školu,
03:48
Fayza knew that her only way
to control her life was through education.
to control her life was through education.
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Fayza je znala da je obrazovanje
jedini način da upravlja svojim životom.
jedini način da upravlja svojim životom.
03:53
She is now 26.
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Sada ima 26 godina.
03:55
She received a grant from a local NGO
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Dobila je subvenciju
lokalne nevladine udruge
lokalne nevladine udruge
03:57
to fund her business studies
at the university.
at the university.
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za financiranje studija poduzetništva.
04:00
Her goal is to find a job,
rent a place to live in,
rent a place to live in,
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Njezin je cilj pronaći posao,
unajmiti stan u kojem će živjeti
unajmiti stan u kojem će živjeti
04:04
and bring her kids back with her.
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i povesti svoju djecu sa sobom.
04:07
The Arab states are going through
tremendous change,
tremendous change,
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Arapske države prolaze kroz
goleme promjene,
goleme promjene,
04:11
and the struggles women face
are overwhelming.
are overwhelming.
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a žene se suočavaju
s vrlo ozbiljnim problemima.
s vrlo ozbiljnim problemima.
04:14
Just like the women I photographed,
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Baš kao i žene koje sam fotografirala,
04:16
I had to overcome many barriers
to becoming the photographer I am today,
to becoming the photographer I am today,
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i ja sam morala svladati mnoge prepreke
da bih danas bila fotografkinja,
da bih danas bila fotografkinja,
04:21
many people along the way
telling me what I can and cannot do.
telling me what I can and cannot do.
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a na tom su mi putu mnogi ljudi
govorili što ja mogu ili ne mogu učiniti.
govorili što ja mogu ili ne mogu učiniti.
04:25
Umm El-Saad, Asma and Fayza,
and many women across the Arab world,
and many women across the Arab world,
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Umm El-Saad, Asma i Fayza
te mnoge druge žene u arapskom svijetu
te mnoge druge žene u arapskom svijetu
pokazuju da je moguće
svladati prepreke i obrazovati se
svladati prepreke i obrazovati se
04:30
show that it is possible
to overcome barriers to education,
to overcome barriers to education,
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04:34
which they know is the best means
to a better future.
to a better future.
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jer znaju da je to
najbolji zalog za bolju budućnost.
najbolji zalog za bolju budućnost.
04:39
And here I would like to end
with a quote by Yasmine,
with a quote by Yasmine,
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Željela bih završiti s citatom Yasmine,
04:42
one of the four activist women
I interviewed in Tunisia.
I interviewed in Tunisia.
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jedne od četiri aktivistice
koje sam intervjuirala u Tunisu.
koje sam intervjuirala u Tunisu.
04:45
Yasmine wrote,
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Yasmine je napisala:
04:47
"Question your convictions.
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"Preispitaj svoja uvjerenja.
04:49
Be who you to want to be,
not who they want you to be.
not who they want you to be.
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Budi ono što ti želiš biti,
a ne ono što oni žele da budeš.
a ne ono što oni žele da budeš.
04:53
Don't accept their enslavement,
for your mother birthed you free."
for your mother birthed you free."
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Nemoj prihvatiti porobljavanje
jer te majka rodila slobodnu."
jer te majka rodila slobodnu."
Hvala vam.
04:56
Thank you.
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04:59
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Laura Boushnak - PhotographerLaura Boushnak is a Kuwaiti-born Palestinian photographer whose work focuses on women, literacy and education reform in the Arab world.
Why you should listen
Boushnak's documentary project I Read I Write explores the barriers women face accessing education and the role of literacy in improving the lives of women in Egypt, Yemen, Kuwait, Jordan, Tunisia and Saudi Arabia. For the project, Boushnak encouraged women to write their thoughts on prints of their portraits, engaging them directly in the artistic process. Boushnak’s images have been widely published, and her work has been exhibited in museums and galleries around the world. She is a co-founder of Rawiya, a collective that brings together the work and experience of female photographers from the Middle East.
Laura Boushnak | Speaker | TED.com